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1、Grammar and usageInversion在在疑問(wèn)句疑問(wèn)句中用倒裝中用倒裝Did you go to visit the Louvre?What do you know about van Gogh?ConclusionConclusionthe predicate or part of itWhen we use inversion, we put _before the subject. Part A (P 41)Li Ming got to London and wrote an e-mail to his parents. Read what he wrote and und

2、er- line the inversions included in the text.1. Aunt really enjoyed France and so did I.2. Hardly had we left the dormitory the next morning when we realized we had forgotten our map in the room.3. Had you come with us, I think you would have enjoyed Europe too. 4. Is there anything special that I c

3、an bring you?倒裝句分為兩種，部分倒裝和全部倒裝倒裝句分為兩種，部分倒裝和全部倒裝部分倒裝部分倒裝將謂語(yǔ)的一部分提到主語(yǔ)之前將謂語(yǔ)的一部分提到主語(yǔ)之前全部倒裝全部倒裝將謂語(yǔ)的全部提到主語(yǔ)之前將謂語(yǔ)的全部提到主語(yǔ)之前部分倒裝部分倒裝 1. 句首狀語(yǔ)為否定句首狀語(yǔ)為否定副副詞或半否定詞或半否定副副詞的句子詞的句子這類詞或短語(yǔ)主要有這類詞或短語(yǔ)主要有: not, no, never, neither, nor, few, little, seldom, rarely, hardly, scarcely, no sooner, not only, in no way, at no time

4、, 等等He did not like the painting. Neither did I. Neither am I impressed by the paintings nor do I like them. Never in my life have I seen such wonderful pictures. Not a word did he say about his visit to the art museum. At no time during the tour was I bored. Seldom does he paint now. Hardly had I g

5、ot to Amsterdam when it began to snow.如果上述否定副詞出現(xiàn)在強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中的前半部分，如果上述否定副詞出現(xiàn)在強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中的前半部分，不用倒裝：不用倒裝： It was not until he went abroad that he know the truth of the fact. 如果如果hardly, scarcely后面接的是后面接的是any, ever, at all時(shí)，時(shí)，意義類似意義類似almost no/ not/ never（幾乎不、從不），（幾乎不、從不），則無(wú)須倒裝。則無(wú)須倒裝。Hardly any people having been

6、 invited went there.部分倒裝部分倒裝 Practice:Practice: Hardly _ the airport when the plane took off.A. I had arrived at B. had I arrived C. had I reached D. I had got to Have you ever seen anything like that before?No, _ anything like that before.A. I never have seenB. never I have seen C. never have I see

7、nD. I have seen She is not fond of cooking, _ I.A. so amB. nor amC. neitherD. nor do部分倒裝部分倒裝 2. only + 狀語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)放在句首放在句首,要部分倒裝。要部分倒裝。 Only on such a trip can you learn as much about European artists. (介詞短語(yǔ)介詞短語(yǔ)) Only by this means is it possible to explain it. (介詞短語(yǔ)介詞短語(yǔ)) Only then did I realize the import

8、ance of math. (副詞副詞) Only when the war was over in 1918 was he able (從句從句)to get happily back to work. 部分倒裝部分倒裝 Practice:Practice: Only in this way _make progress in your English.A.you B.can you C.you be able to D.will you able to Only when the meeting was over_ go back to meet his friend.A. he coul

9、d B. he was able to C. was he able to D. was able to he部分倒裝部分倒裝 3. so(也也)或或so / such.that結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu)引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)放在句首引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)放在句首 So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him. Li Ming enjoyed the museum. So did his grand- mother and aunt. So crowded was the art gallery that I could hardly m

10、ove about. To such length did she go in rehearsal that the two actors walked out. 部分倒裝部分倒裝 Practice:Practice: I like sports and _ my brother.A. so doesB. so isC. so canD. so likesThe doctor told Charlie to breathe deeply and _.A. so did Charlie B. Charlie did so C. Charlie does so D. did Charlie so

11、So loudly _ that _ hear her clearly.A. did she speak; could everyone B. did she speak; everyone couldC. she spoke; could everyone D. she spoke; everyone could部分倒裝部分倒裝 4. “Not only + 分句分句,but also + 分句分句”句型中的前一句型中的前一 分句要部分倒裝。分句要部分倒裝。Not only does John love Chinese, he is also good at speaking it. Not

12、 only the mother but also the children are sick. not only.but also.連接主語(yǔ)時(shí)連接主語(yǔ)時(shí),不倒裝。不倒裝。Practice:Practice: _himself wrong, but his friends were wrong.A. Not was only heB. Not only heC. Not only was heD. Not only was部分倒裝部分倒裝 5. Not until放在句首放在句首,從句不倒裝從句不倒裝,主句倒裝。主句倒裝。Not until last week did they find th

13、e lost bike. (簡(jiǎn)單句簡(jiǎn)單句) Not until my son had entered the university did he realize the importance of time. 復(fù)合句復(fù)合句)部分倒裝部分倒裝 Practice:Practice: Not until the early years of the 19th century _ know what heat is. A.man didB.manC.didnt manD.did manNot until I began to work _ realize how much time I had was

14、ted.A. didnt I B. did I C. I didnt D. I部分倒裝部分倒裝 6. 在以在以often, well, many a time, now and again 等等 方式或頻度副詞方式或頻度副詞(短語(yǔ)短語(yǔ))開(kāi)頭的句子中開(kāi)頭的句子中,要用部分倒要用部分倒 裝結(jié)構(gòu)。裝結(jié)構(gòu)。Many a time has John given me good advice.Often have we made that test.Practice:Practice: Many a time _ swimming alone.A. the boy went B. went the boy

15、 C. did the boy goD. did go the boyTo sum upTo sum up 部分倒裝部分倒裝 1. 句首狀語(yǔ)為否定副詞或半否定詞副的句子句首狀語(yǔ)為否定副詞或半否定詞副的句子2. only + 狀語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)放在句首放在句首3. so(也也)或或so / such.that結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu)引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)放在句首引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)放在句首4. “Not only + 分句分句,but also + 分句分句”句型句型5. Not until放在句首放在句首6. 以以often, well, many a time, now and again 等方式或頻度副詞等方式或頻度副詞(短語(yǔ)短語(yǔ))開(kāi)頭

16、的句子開(kāi)頭的句子7.虛擬語(yǔ)氣中省略虛擬語(yǔ)氣中省略if時(shí)時(shí)More practice: (Part B on P 41)More practice: (Part B on P 41)Invert the following sentences using the structures with negative words.1 I have never seen such beautiful flowers in the city.2 I do not have time to go to the museum today and I also do not want to.3 I had ha

17、rdly started to look at the paintings, when the teacher said it was time to leave the museum.4 The artist is always drawing; he is seldom seen without a notebook in his hand.1 Never have I seen such beautiful flowers in the city.2 Neither do I have time to go to the museum today and nor do I want to

18、.3 Hardly had I started to look at the paintings when the teacher said it was time to leave the museum.4 The artist is always drawing; seldom is he seen without a notebook in his hand.全部倒裝全部倒裝1. There be結(jié)構(gòu)。另外結(jié)構(gòu)。另外,在此結(jié)構(gòu)中可以用來(lái)代替在此結(jié)構(gòu)中可以用來(lái)代替 be動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)詞有動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)詞有:exist, seem, happen, appear, live, rise, stand等。

19、等。 There stood a dog before him. There exist different opinions on this question.Practice:Practice: _ a beautiful palace _ the foot of the hill.A. There stand; at B. There stands; underC. Stands there; underD. There stands; at全部倒裝全部倒裝2. “Here, There, Now, Then + come (或或be等等) + 主主 語(yǔ)語(yǔ) 結(jié)構(gòu)。結(jié)構(gòu)。Here come

20、s the old lady!Then came the hour we had been looking forward to.There comes the bus.Now comes your turn.除了除了then引導(dǎo)的句子常用過(guò)去式引導(dǎo)的句子常用過(guò)去式,如果表示一種生動(dòng)的如果表示一種生動(dòng)的 描述時(shí)則常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。其次描述時(shí)則常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。其次,如果主語(yǔ)是人稱代詞如果主語(yǔ)是人稱代詞, 就不用倒裝。如就不用倒裝。如:Here you are.There she comes.全部倒裝全部倒裝Practice:Practice: There _. And here _. A. goe

21、s the phone; she comes B. is the phone going; is she C. does the phone go; does she come D. the phone goes; come she全部倒裝全部倒裝3. 表示方向的副詞表示方向的副詞out, in, up, down等置于句首等置于句首,要要 用全部倒裝用全部倒裝,且且主語(yǔ)名詞時(shí)主語(yǔ)名詞時(shí) In came Mr White. Up went the arrow into the air. Away went the boy.Practice:Practice: Out _, with a sti

22、ck in his hand.A. did he rush B. rushed he C. he rushed D. he did rush _ from the top of the building when the policeman pointed the gun at him.A. Jumped down the robber B. Jumped the robber downC. Down jumped the robber D. Down the robber jumped全部倒裝全部倒裝4. 分詞分詞(代詞代詞such) + be + 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)。結(jié)構(gòu)。Walking at

23、the head of the line was our teacher. Such was the story he told me.Practice:Practice: _, a man of achievements, deep thoughts, but with simple habits.A. Einstein was such B. Such was EinsteinC. Einstein was so D. So was Einstein _ are the days when teachers were looked down upon.A. GoneB. GoC. To g

24、oD. Going全部倒裝全部倒裝5. 表示地點(diǎn)的介詞短語(yǔ)表示地點(diǎn)的介詞短語(yǔ) (如如on the wall, under the tree, in front of the house, in the middle of the room等等)放在句首時(shí)放在句首時(shí)且且主語(yǔ)名詞時(shí)主語(yǔ)名詞時(shí),要全部倒裝。要全部倒裝。 On the top of the hill stands a pine tree.In front of the classroom is a playground.Practice:Practice: Near the church _ cottage.A. was such a

25、n oldB. had a so oldC. was such old a D. is so an old全部倒裝全部倒裝6.句首為直接引語(yǔ)時(shí)句首為直接引語(yǔ)時(shí) “Id like to come back and see Monets garden,” said my aunt. “This,”said the artist, “is the most beautiful place I have ever seen.”7.當(dāng)主語(yǔ)較長(zhǎng)，謂語(yǔ)很短時(shí)，為了使句子平衡把某當(dāng)主語(yǔ)較長(zhǎng)，謂語(yǔ)很短時(shí)，為了使句子平衡把某 一成分放在句首，主謂全部倒裝。一成分放在句首，主謂全部倒裝。 Gone are my f

26、riends from the cotton fields away. Present at the conference were General Manager, Vice-general Managers and 215directors.To sum upTo sum up1. There be (exist, seem, happen, appear, live, rise, stand)結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu).2. “Here, There, Now, Then + come (be) + 主主 語(yǔ)語(yǔ) 結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu).3.方向副詞方向副詞out, in, up, down等置于句首且等置于句首且主語(yǔ)名

27、詞時(shí)主語(yǔ)名詞時(shí)4. “分詞分詞(代詞代詞such) + be + 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu).5.表示地點(diǎn)的介詞短語(yǔ)表示地點(diǎn)的介詞短語(yǔ) (如如on the wall, under the tree, in front of the house, in the middle of the room等等)放在句首時(shí)放在句首時(shí),且且主語(yǔ)名詞時(shí)主語(yǔ)名詞時(shí)6.句首為直接引語(yǔ)時(shí)句首為直接引語(yǔ)時(shí)7. 句子平句子平衡衡全部倒裝全部倒裝部分提前主謂不倒裝部分提前主謂不倒裝 1.由由as, however (no matter how), though和和be 引起引起 的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句主謂不倒裝的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句主謂不倒裝,

28、只須把只須把形容詞形容詞, 副詞副詞, 分詞分詞, 實(shí)義動(dòng)詞提前實(shí)義動(dòng)詞提前提到提到as前前,且單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞提且單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞提 到主語(yǔ)前時(shí)不帶冠詞。到主語(yǔ)前時(shí)不帶冠詞。 Tired as he was, he kept on running. Try as I might, I couldnt lift the box. Child as he was, he could work out the problem. However hard I try, I cant understand the question. Close though the union of small partic

29、les is, we have found ways of breaking them. Be the rain ever so heavy, I will go there now.Practice:Practice:_, hes honest.A. As he is poor B. Poor is he C. Poor as he is D. Poor as is he2. 表示祝愿的句子中的表示祝愿的句子中的May倒裝倒裝 May our country become prosperous and strong!More practice1._come to our country as

30、 today. A.Foreign guests who have never B.Never so many foreign guests have C.Never have so many foreign guests D.The foreign guests arent ever2._that he could not speak for a long time. A.So frightened was heB.So frightened he was C.Was he so frightenedD.Frightened was he 3.Many a time _good advice

31、. A.gives me hisB.he gives me C.I give him D.does he give me4.Rarely_so difficult a choice. A.she could have faced with B.could have she faced with C.she could have been faced with D.could she have been faced with5.In a phycial change no new substance is formed, _in the composition of mater. A.nor d

32、oes any change take place B.nor any change takes place C.not any change takes place D.either any change take place6.Only in a few countries_a reasonable standard of living. A.the whole of the population enjoy B.the whole of the population enjoys C.does the whole of the population enjoy D.has a whole

33、 of the population enjoy7.Seldom_to come over to have a chat with him in those days. A.have I have timeB.did I have time C.I have time D.I have got time8.Tomorrow will be Sunday._. A.So it will B.So will it C.Either it will D.Either will it9.Little _that the district was very rich in resources. A.we

34、 suspectectedB.we did suspect C.did we suspect D.do we suspect10.The teacher is not too happy with the student, and _ is his father. A.notB.neitherC.eitherD.so11.No sooner had they reached the station _ the train let. A.untilB.whenC.thenD.than12.Under no circumstances and at no time _the first to us

35、e nuclear weapon. A.we are B.we will be C.were we D.shall we be13._,he sat up late writing his book. A.As he was tiredB.Tired though he was C.Tired as was heD.It is bcause he was tired14.Never before that night_the extent of my own power. A.had I feltB.I feltC.did I feelD.I had felt15.Only when you

36、have acquired a good knowledge of English grammar_writer in English correctly. A.you willB.can youC.you canD.you couldLanguage Focus1.Neither am I impressed by the paintings nor do I like them.V. im5pres留下印象留下印象 be impressed by at, with 被深深打動(dòng)被深深打動(dòng)感動(dòng)感動(dòng) impress sth. in on ones memory 使使.銘記在心銘記在心n. 5im

37、pres 印記印記, 痕跡痕跡, 特征特征 the impress of ones personality 一個(gè)人的性格特征一個(gè)人的性格特征 Time has left its impress upon him. 時(shí)代給他留下了痕跡。時(shí)代給他留下了痕跡。2.reservation 7rezE5veiFEn n. 保留保留, (旅館房間等旅館房間等)預(yù)定預(yù)定, 預(yù)約預(yù)約我毫無(wú)保留地接受。我毫無(wú)保留地接受。 I accept without reservations!如果你想去聽(tīng)音樂(lè)會(huì)，你得（事先）預(yù)（票）如果你想去聽(tīng)音樂(lè)會(huì)，你得（事先）預(yù)（票）,否否則會(huì)沒(méi)有票的。則會(huì)沒(méi)有票的。If you want to go to the concert, youll have to make a reservation, or there will be no tickets.vt. reserve rI5z:v 保留；預(yù)訂保留；預(yù)訂 I have reserved a room for you at the hotel.我已在旅館為你預(yù)訂了一個(gè)房間。我已在旅館為你預(yù)訂了一個(gè)房間。