《高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí) 第二部分 核心語法項項破 專題9 情態(tài)動詞和虛擬語氣課件》由會員分享，可在線閱讀，更多相關(guān)《高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí) 第二部分 核心語法項項破 專題9 情態(tài)動詞和虛擬語氣課件（48頁珍藏版）》請在裝配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。

1、專題九情態(tài)動詞和虛擬語氣專題九情態(tài)動詞和虛擬語氣 一、常用情態(tài)動詞的基本用法 1can，could的用法情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞用法can/could表能力can表示現(xiàn)在的能力，could表示過去的能力。表請求could不表示過去，只表示語氣的委婉、客氣，但回答時必須用can。情態(tài)動詞用法can/could表可能性(1)一般用在否定句及疑問句中，could可用于肯定句；(2)用于肯定句，表示理論上的可能性或一時的情況；常譯為“有時會”。表情感用于否定句、疑問句和感嘆句中，表驚奇、懷疑、不相信的態(tài)度。固定句型cannottoo/enough表示“無論也不過分；越越好”；cannot but do sth

2、.表示“只能，不得不”。情態(tài)動詞用法易錯點津(1)表示能力時，can與be able to意義相同，但是can僅用在一般現(xiàn)在時及一般過去時(could)，be able to可用于更多時態(tài)；(2)過去形式的could與was/were able to相比，could僅說明具備某種能力，而was/were able to則側(cè)重通過某種努力已經(jīng)達到某種結(jié)果，常譯為“成功做到了”。 2.may，might的用法情態(tài)動詞用法may/might表請求、允許might不表示過去，僅表示語氣更加委婉、客氣。表可能性表示把握性不大的推測，不用于疑問句中；might表示的可能性比may更小。情態(tài)動詞用法may/

3、might表祝愿表示祝愿時將may放在句首，其后的句子要用動詞原形。固定用法may/might as well do sth.是其常見的固定用法，意為“不妨做某事；還是做某事為好”。 3.will，would的用法情態(tài)動詞用法will/would用于第二人稱作主語的疑問句，表示請求、建議等。表示意志、決心或愿望。表示客觀上的習(xí)慣，will表示現(xiàn)在，would表示過去。表示推測或猜想。表示按規(guī)律“注定會”。情態(tài)動詞用法易錯點津would表示過去的習(xí)慣時僅指動作，而且不與現(xiàn)在作對比；used to表示過去的習(xí)慣動作或狀態(tài)，而且與現(xiàn)在作對比，說明現(xiàn)在這種動作或狀態(tài)已經(jīng)不存在。 4.should，sh

4、all，ought to的用法情態(tài)動詞用法shall用在第一、三人稱的疑問句中，表示征求對方的意見或請示。用于第二、三人稱的陳述句，表示說話者的命令、警告、許諾、威脅等語氣；此外，用于法律、規(guī)定時用shall。情態(tài)動詞用法should表示義務(wù)、責(zé)任、勸告或建議，意為“應(yīng)該”，與ought to基本相同；should表示主觀，ought to表示客觀。用于表示預(yù)測，意為“應(yīng)該會；按理說；想必會”。用在表示感情或意志等的that從句中，意為“竟然；居然”。情態(tài)動詞用法ought to表示義務(wù)，意為“應(yīng)當”，語氣比should強。表示“推測”，常用于肯定句、否定句中。易錯點津ought to表推測時

5、，語氣要比must輕，表示并非十分肯定，而must則表示十分肯定。 5.must，have to的用法情態(tài)動詞用法mustmust表示非常有把握的推測，僅用于肯定句。表示“必須；應(yīng)該”。表示說話者的感情色彩，暗含不耐煩或與自己的愿望相反，意為“偏要；非要”。情態(tài)動詞用法have to意為“必須；不得不”時，意義與must相近，但must表示說話人的主觀看法；而have to強調(diào)客觀需要。易錯點津(1)在回答must的問句時，否定回答通常用neednt或dont have to; (2)mustnt表示“禁止；不許”；而dont have to表示“不必”；(3)must只有一種形式，而have

6、 to有人稱、時態(tài)和單復(fù)數(shù)的變化。 6.need，dare的用法情態(tài)動詞用法need表示“需要、必要”之意，作情態(tài)動詞時，僅用于否定句和疑問句中，且只有現(xiàn)在時，其他時態(tài)常用have to的相應(yīng)形式代替。若用作實義動詞時，其變化與一般動詞相同，后面可以接“to動詞原形”作賓語。情態(tài)動詞用法dare表示“敢，敢于”之意，作情態(tài)動詞，主要用于疑問句、否定句和條件句中，一般不用于肯定句中。用作實義動詞時，其變化形式與一般動詞相同，在肯定句中，dare后面通常接帶to的不定式，在否定句和疑問句中，dare后面既可接帶to的不定式，也可接不帶to的不定式。情態(tài)動詞用法易錯點津(1)dare用作情態(tài)動詞時，

7、有dare，dared兩種形式；(2)dare用作實義動詞時，后接不定式，不定式符號to可省去，但dare以分詞形式出現(xiàn)時，不定式符號to不能省略。 根據(jù)句意用適當?shù)那閼B(tài)動詞完成下面的句子 1. Cant you stay a little longer? Its getting late.I really _ go now.My daughter is home alone.(2015北京) 2You _ feel all the training a waste of time, but Im a hundred percent sure later youll be grateful y

8、ou did it.(2015陜西) 3You _ be careful with the camera.It costs！(2015四川) 4. It was so noisy that we _ hear ourselves speak.(2015浙江) 5You _be Carol.You havent changed a bit after all these years.(2015重慶) 6It was sad to me that they, so poor themselves, _ bring me food.(2014江蘇) 7I still remember my happ

9、y childhood when my mother _ take me to Disneyland at weekends.(2014四川) 8. Ive ordered some pizza, so we_ worry about cooking when we get home tired.(2014重慶) 9One of our rules is that every student _ wear school uniform while at school. 10I_ thank you too much for all your help to my son while we we

10、re away from home. 【答案】1.must2.may/might3.must4.couldnt 5must6.should7.would8.neednt 9shall10.cant 二、“情態(tài)動詞have done”的?？加梅ㄇ閼B(tài)動詞have done用法must have done sth.一定做過某事，其否定形式為cant/couldnt have done。can/could have done sth.1.本來能夠做但卻未做；2.可能做過某事。cant/couldnt have done sth.不可能做過某事。情態(tài)動詞have done用法may/might have

11、 done sth.或許/可能做過某事。should/ought to have done sth.本該做但卻未做某事，其否定形式表示本不該做但卻做了。neednt have done sth.做了本沒有必要做的某事。 根據(jù)括號內(nèi)的漢語提示完成下面的句子 1. I _(本沒必要擔心) before I came to the new school, for my classmates here are very friendly to me.(2015天津) 2Sorry, Mum! I failed the job interview again. Oh, its too bad.You _

12、(本應(yīng)做) full preparations.(2015福建) 3. I _(不可能玩) myself moreit was a perfect day.(2013浙江) 4. Since nobody gave him any help, he _ (一定做)the research on his own.(2013課標) 5. Why are your eyes so red? You _(不可能睡好) last night. Yeah. I stayed up late writing a report.(2013四川) 【答案】1.neednt have worried2.shoul

13、d have made 3couldnt have enjoyed4.must have done 5couldt have slept well 一、虛擬語氣在非真實性條件句中的用法虛擬語氣時間虛擬條件從句主句與現(xiàn)在事實相反的假設(shè)If主語動詞的過去式(be動詞用were)。主語should/would/could/might動詞原形。與過去事實相反的假設(shè)If主語had過去分詞。主語should/would/could/mighthave過去分詞。時間虛擬條件從句主句與將來事實相反的假設(shè)1.If主語動詞的過去式。2If主語were to動詞原形。3If主語should動詞原形。主語should

14、/would/could/might動詞原形。時間虛擬條件從句主句易錯點津(1)在虛擬語氣的從句中，動詞be的過去時態(tài)一律用were，不用was，即從句中的be用were代替；(2)當條件狀語從句表示的行為和主句表示的行為所發(fā)生的時間不一致時，被稱為“錯綜時間條件句”，動詞的形式要根據(jù)它所表示的時間做出相應(yīng)的調(diào)整；(3)在虛擬條件狀語從句中可省略if，把were, had, should提到句首，變?yōu)榈寡b句式。 根據(jù)括號中的動詞提示，用適當?shù)奶摂M語氣完成下面的句子 1If I _(not see) it with my own eyes, I wouldnt have believed it.

15、(2015北京) 2It might have saved me some trouble _(I know) the schedule.(2015江蘇) 3We _(be) back in the hotel now if you didnt lose the map.(2014北京) 4Had he caught the morning train, he _ (not be) late for the meeting.(2014天津) 5If Mr.Dewey _ (be) present, he would have offered any possible assistance to

16、 the people there.(2014湖南) 【答案】1.hadnt seen2.had I known3.would be 4would not have been5.had been 二、wish與would rather賓語從句的虛擬語氣 wish與would rather賓語從句的虛擬語氣。時間would ratherwish過去主語動詞過去分詞。現(xiàn)在主語動詞過去式(be用were)。將來主語動詞過去式(be用were)。主語would/could/might動詞原形。 根據(jù)括號中的動詞提示，用適當?shù)奶摂M語氣完成下面的句子 1I wish I _(be) at my siste

17、rs wedding last Tuesday, but I was on a business trip in New York then.(2015天津) 2Ellen is a fantastic dancer.I wish I_(dance) as well as her.(2015陜西) 3We would rather our daughter _(stay) at home with us, but it is her choice, and she is not a child any longer.(2014陜西) 【答案】1.had been2.danced3.stayed

18、 三、(should) do 結(jié)構(gòu)的虛擬語氣 1用于表示建議、愿望、命令等動詞后的賓語從句中 動詞demand, order, require, insist, suggest, propose, advise, request, urge, command, prefer, desire, recommend等的賓語從句中的虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu)為“should動詞原形”，should可以省略。 2用于主語從句中 在It is desired/suggested/proposed/ recommended/necessary/important/strange/natural/a pity/essen

19、tial that從句中，從句的謂語動詞用“should動詞原形”，should可以省略。 3用于表語從句和同位語從句中 在suggestion, proposal, order, plan, idea, request, advice等名詞后的表語從句和同位語從句中要用虛擬語氣，其構(gòu)成是“should動詞原形”，should可以省略。 He recommended that the task should be finished tomorrow. 【易錯點津】 當suggest表示“暗示，表明”，insist表示“堅持說”之意時，suggest/insist后的賓語從句不使用虛擬語氣，應(yīng)使

20、用陳述語氣。 根據(jù)括號中的動詞提示，用適當?shù)奶摂M語氣完成下面的句子 1My mom suggests that we _(eat) out for a change this weekend.(2013陜西) 2Eye doctors recommend that a childs first eye exam _(be) at the age of six months old.(2013浙江) 3The order came that the medical supplies_ (send) to the earthquakestricken area soon. 4The express

21、ion on his face suggested that he _(be) ill, and it was suggested that he _(send) to the hospital right now. 5He insisted that he _(not break) the law and he insisted that he _(set) free right now. 【答案】1.(should) eat2.(should) be 3(should) be sent4.was; (should) be sent 5had not broken; should be se

22、t 四、含蓄條件句中的虛擬語氣 有時假設(shè)的情況并不以條件從句表示，而是由otherwise, but, or, without, but for (要不是；如果沒有)等來引導(dǎo)或者通過上下文引出。 根據(jù)括號中的動詞提示，用適當?shù)奶摂M語氣完成下面的句子 1. It is lucky we booked a room, or we _(have) nowhere to stay now.(2015安徽) 2. Without his wartime experiences, Hemingway _(not write) his famous novel A Farewell to Arms.(201

23、5重慶) 3They were abroad during the months when we were carrying out the investigation, or they _ (come)to our help.(2014浙江) 4We lost our way in that small village, otherwise we_ (visit) more places of interest yesterday.(2012福建) 5We_(put)Johns name on the race list yesterday but for his recent injury

24、. 【答案】1.would have2.wouldnt have written 3would have come4.would have visited 5would/could/might have put 五、其他句型中的虛擬語氣 1在“It is (about/high) timethat從句”中，謂語動詞常用過去式或“should動詞原形”表示虛擬語氣。 2在if only引導(dǎo)的感嘆句中，用虛擬語氣表示愿望。 3as if, as though引導(dǎo)的表語從句和方式狀語從句中常用虛擬語氣，與現(xiàn)在事實相反用一般過去時；與過去事實相反用過去完成時。 根據(jù)括號中的動詞提示，用適當?shù)奶摂M語氣完

25、成下面的句子 1. It was John who broke the window.Why are you talking to me as if I _ (do)it？(2014重慶) 2Jack is a great talker.Its high time that he _(do) something instead of just talking.(2012遼寧) 3Dont handle the vase as if it _ (make) of steel.(2012北京) 4Who does that shop assistant think he is？He behaves as if he_ (own) the grocery. 5Its raining hard and we cant go picnicking today. If only the weather_(be) fine! 【答案】1.had done2.did/should do3.were made 4owned5.were