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1、非謂語動詞 （2） 非謂語動詞作定語 一. 不定時作定語 1. 作定語的不定式如果是不及物動詞，或者不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式動作的地點，工具等，不定時后面需有相應的介詞。 The Browns have a comfortable house to live in. 不定式所修飾的名詞如果是time/place/way時，不定式后面的介詞通常省去。 He had no money and place to live ( in ). 2.不定時作定語的幾種情況 （ 1 ）不定式表將來The car to be bought is for his sister.( 2 )用來修飾被序數詞，

2、最高級或no/all/any等限定的中心詞為邏輯上的主動關系。 He was the best man to do the job. She was the first woman to win the gold medal n the Olympic Games. ( 3 )有些名詞的同根詞常跟不定式，因而他們也常跟不定式作定語。常見的有promise/plan/attempt/offer/decision/refusal Failure/ability/chance/warning/anxiety/eagerness/willingness/readiness等 I dont trust

3、his promise to come for a visit. ( 比較 He promised to come for a visit.) He said he had no plans to go there. ( 比較 He didnt plan to go there.) Birds singing is sometimes a warning to other birds to stay away. ( 比較 Birds warn other birds to stay away.) He made an attempt to stand up. ( 比較 He attempted

4、 to stand up. ) 題組訓練 單項填空 The ability _ an idea is as important as The idea itself. A. expressing B. expressed C. to express D . to be expressed With the world changing fast , we have something new_ with all by ourselves Every day. A . deal B . Dealt C .to deal D . dealingCC 3.不定式的主動形式和被動形式 ( 1 ）不定時

5、修飾的名詞或代詞和不定式在邏輯上構成主謂關系時，不定式往往用主動形式。 Do you have a knife to cut the watermelon? ( The knife cut the watermelon.) ( 2 ) 不定時和他前面被修飾的名詞或代詞構成邏輯上的動賓關系，有何該句主語構成邏輯上的主謂關系時，不定式常用主動形式。 She has a sister to look after. ( She looks after her sister.) ( 3 ) There be 句型中，當說話人考慮的是必須由人去完成某件實時，不定式用主動形式；如果說話人強調的是事情本身必須

6、被完成，則用被動形式。 There is a lot of work to do. ( Some one has to do the work.) There is a lot of work to be done. ( The work has to be done .) 二.分詞作定語 1. 作定語的及物動詞的分詞形式為：v-ing Bing+ 過去分詞、過去分詞。當被修飾的名詞與動詞為主動關系時，用v-ing ; 當被修飾的名詞與動詞為被動關系且表正在進行時，用bing + 過去分詞；當被修飾的名詞與動詞為被動關系時，用過去分詞。 The houses being built are f

7、or the teachers . （ 被動，正在進行 ） “Things lost never come again .”I couldnt help talking to myself. （ 被動，完成 ） I have never seen a more moving movie. ( 主動，表特征 ） 2. 作定語的不及物動詞的分詞形式為v-ing 和過去分詞。V-ing可以表示正在進行，也可以表示特征；過去分詞表示已經完成或狀態(tài)。 boiling water 正在沸騰的水 （表正在進行） boiled water 白開水 （表完成） a good looking flower一朵好看

8、的花（表特征） falling leaves正在落下的樹葉（正在進行） fallen leaves已經落下的葉子（表完成） developing countries發(fā)展中國家（正在進行） developed countries發(fā)達國家（表完成） 3.英語中有些表示感覺的動詞，其現(xiàn)在分詞形式表示“令人感到的”，過去分詞形式表示“感到的” an exciting voice一個令人興奮的聲音 an excited voice一個興奮的聲音 a puzzling expression一個令人困惑的表情 a puzzled expression一個困惑的表情 題型訓練 單項填空 The traffic

9、 rule says young children under the age of four and _ less than forty pounds must be in a child seat. A. being weighted B .to weigh C .weighted D .weighing Recently a survey _prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets has caused heated debate among citizens. A. compared B. comparing C .c

10、ompare D .being comparedDB 三.to be done /done和being done作定語的區(qū)別。 to be dong 表被動將來 done 表被動 being done表被動進行 Have you read the novel written by Dickens? (表被動完成） Listen! The song being sung is very popular with the students.(表被動正在進行） The question to be discussed at tomorrows meeting is a very important

11、one .(表被動將來） 題組訓練 單項填空 The players _from the whole country Are expected to bring us honor in this game. A .selecting B .to select C .selected D .having selected His first book _ next month is based on a true story. A. published B .to be published C .to publish D .being publishedCB 四.現(xiàn)在分詞作定語與動名詞作定語的區(qū)別 現(xiàn)在分詞作定語時，所修飾的名詞是現(xiàn)在分詞的邏輯主語。動名詞作定語表示的是被修飾名詞的作用，用途等所修飾的名詞不是動名詞的邏輯主語。 a moving truck 正在移動的卡車 a sleeping bag 一個睡袋 a walking stick 一根拐杖