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1、新型冠狀病毒新型肺炎閱讀材料 A new Chinese coronavirus, a cousin of the SARS virus, has infected more than 200 people since the outbreak （爆發(fā)） began in Wuhan, China, in December. Scientist Leo Poon, who first decoded the virus, thinks it likely started in an animal and spread to humans. "What we know is it cause

2、s pneumonia （肺炎） and then doesn't respond to antibiotic （抗生素）treatment, which is not surprising, but then in terms of mortality （死亡率），SARS kills 10% of the individuals," Poon, a virologist （病毒學(xué)家）at the School of Public Health at The University of Hong Kong, said. The World Health Organization offer

3、ed guidance to countries on how they can prepare for it, including how to monitor for the sick and how to treat patients. Here are several things you should know about a coronavirus. 1 .What is a coronavirus? Coronaviruses are a large group of viruses that are common among animals. In rare cases,

4、 they are what scientists call zoonotic[, zaoa' naotik] （人畜共患?。?meaning they can be transmitted from animals to humans, according to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2 .Coronavirus symptoms （癥狀） The viruses can make people sick, usually with a mild （輕度）to moderate （中度）upper resp

5、iratory tract illness （上呼吸道疾?。?，similar to a common cold. Coronavirus symptoms include a runny nose, cough, sore throat, possibly a headache and maybe a fever, which can last for a couple of days. For those with a weakened immune system, the elderly and the very young, there's a chance the virus cou

6、ld cause a lower, and much more serious, respiratory tract illness like a pneumonia or bronchitis [brog'kaitis]（支氣管炎）. 3 .There are a handful of human coronaviruses that are known to be deadly. Middle East Respiratory Syndrome （中東呼吸綜合征），also known as the MERS virus, was first reported in the Middl

7、e East in 2012 and also causes respiratory problems, but those symptoms are much more severe. Three to four out of every 10 patients infected with MERS died, according to the CDC. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome （嚴(yán)重急性呼吸綜合征）,also known as SARS, is the other coronavirus that can cause more severe s

8、ymptoms. First identified in the Guangdong province in southern China, according to the WHO, it causes respiratory problems but can also cause diarrhea [ dais'ria]（腹瀉）,fatigue （疲勞），shortness of breath, respiratory distress （呼吸窘迫）and kidney failure （腎衰）.Depending on the patient's age, the death rate

9、with SARS ranged from 0-50% of the cases, with older people being the most vulnerable. 4 .How it spreads? Viruses can spread from human contact with animals. Scientists think MERS started in camels, according to the WHO. With SARS, scientists suspected civet cats （貍貓） were to blame. When it comes

10、 to human-to-human transmission of the viruses, often it happens when someone comes into contact with the infected person's secretions [si'kri:j^9）n]（分泌物）. Depending on how virulent [ virslant] （有毒的）the virus is, a cough, sneeze or handshake could cause exposure. The virus can also be transmitted b

11、y touching something an infected person has touched and then touching your mouth, nose or eyes. Caregivers （護(hù)理人員）can sometimes be exposed by handling a patient's waste, according to the CDC. 疫苗研發(fā)的艱難戰(zhàn)役：多國(guó)專家爭(zhēng)分奪秒 針對(duì)武漢疫情的藥物，不僅中國(guó)在加緊攻關(guān)，全世界的醫(yī)學(xué)工作 者也在積極研發(fā)。不過相關(guān)疫苗的研制卻是一項(xiàng)很難在短時(shí)間內(nèi)實(shí)現(xiàn) 的工程。研制疫苗有多復(fù)雜？ 一起來聽今天的課程講解。

12、文本難度：★★☆☆☆ Researchers Are Racing to Make a Coronavirus Vaccine. Will It Help? 研究人員正加緊研制冠狀病毒疫苗，會(huì)有用嗎？ By Knvul Sheikh and Katie Thomas In the early days of January, as cases of a strange, pneumonia-like illness 1( reporte) in China, researchers at the National Institutes of Health 2(ready) thems

13、elves to hunt for a vaccine to prevent the new disease. 一月初，隨著一種奇怪、類似肺炎的疾病在中國(guó)出現(xiàn)，美國(guó)國(guó)家 衛(wèi)生研究院的研究人員做好了準(zhǔn)備去鉆研預(yù)防該疾病的疫苗。 Scientists in Australia are also working on vaccine candidates to stop the spread of the disease. 澳大利亞的科學(xué)家也正在研究備選疫苗，以阻斷疫情傳播。 3(historical), vaccines have been one of the greatest publ

14、ic health tools to prevent disease. But even as new technology, advancements in genomics and improved global coordination have allowed researchers to move 4 unprecedented speed, vaccine development remains 5 expensive and risky process. 歷史上，疫苗一直都是預(yù)防疾病最重要的公共衛(wèi)生工具之一。技 術(shù)革新、基因?qū)W進(jìn)步以及全球合作的加強(qiáng)，使得研究人員以前所未有 的速

15、度開展工作；即便如此，疫苗的研發(fā)仍是一個(gè)昂貴且高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的過 程。 It takes months and even years because the vaccines must undergo extensive testing in animals and humans. 6 the best case, it takes at least a year — and most likely 7(long) — for any vaccine to become available 8 the public. 這一過程往往耗費(fèi)數(shù)月甚至數(shù)年，因?yàn)橐呙绫仨氃趧?dòng)物和人體身 上通過大量測(cè)試。在最

16、樂觀的情況下，任何疫苗從研發(fā)到面向公眾至 少需要一年，而大部分情況下這個(gè)過程可能花費(fèi)更長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。 With each new outbreak, scientists 9(typical) have to start from scratch. After the SARS outbreak in 2003, it took researchers about 20 months from the release of the viral genome to get a vaccine ready for human trials. By the time an epidemic caused

17、 by the Zika virus occurred in 2015, researchers 10(bring) the timeline down to six months. Now, they hope the joint efforts will cut that time in half. 通常來說，每當(dāng)新的疫情爆發(fā)，科學(xué)家就得從頭開始。2003年 SARS爆發(fā)后，從公布病毒基因組到獲得一種可以進(jìn)行人體試驗(yàn)的疫 苗，研究人員花了約20個(gè)月的時(shí)間。到2015年寨卡病毒引發(fā)疫情時(shí)， 這一時(shí)間線被縮短為6個(gè)月?，F(xiàn)在，他們希望通過共同的努力，讓這 個(gè)時(shí)間再縮短一半。 (c) 2020

18、 The New York Times Company 生詞好句 1 .vaccine UK /'v2eksi:n/ US /'vseksi:n/ n.疫苗來自拉丁語(yǔ) vaccinus： of a cow 拉丁語(yǔ)：vacca奶牛（cow） 愛德華?琴納——免疫學(xué)之父 2 .race UK /reis/ US /reis/ vi.快速移動(dòng)，快速做某事(move quickly or do sth. quickly)； 競(jìng)爭(zhēng) (to compete with sb./sth. in the race) race to do sth.快速做某事，競(jìng)爭(zhēng)著做某事 3 .ready onese

19、lf to do sth.某人準(zhǔn)備充分做某事，全力以赴做某 事 (prepare oneself to do sth.) 4 .hunt for 尋求 (seek for/pursue) 5 .pneumonia UK /nju: maonia/ US /nu: mounja/ n.肺炎(a serious illness affecting one or both lungs that makes breathing difficult) 希臘語(yǔ)：pneumon 肺(lung) 6 .National Institutes of Health 美國(guó)國(guó)家衛(wèi)生研究院(NIH) 7 .wo

20、rk on sth.忙于某事 8 .candidate UK /'kaendideit/ US /'kaendideit/ n.候選人，候選的 事物(a person or a thing that is regarded as being suitable for a particular purpose or as being likely to do or be a particular thing) 9 .advancement UK /9d'va:nsmant/ US /ad'vsensmant/ n. 進(jìn)步， 進(jìn)展 (progress/improvement) next gen

21、eration sequencing 二代測(cè)序 10 .unprecedented UK /An'presidentid/ US /An'presadentid/ adj. 前所未有的 (never have happened before or never have happened so much) take the unprecedented measure/step of sth. 采取前所未有的舉措 11 .undergo UK /.Anda'gau/ US /.Andar'goo/ vt,經(jīng)受，經(jīng)歷 (experience/go through) The country ha

22、s undergone massive changes recently. 國(guó)家近來經(jīng)歷了巨大的動(dòng)蕩。 undergo medical treatment 經(jīng)受醫(yī)學(xué)治療 1.1 in the best case 在最好的情況下(given the best situation) 1.5 start from scratch 從頭開始；白手起家scratch n.抓，撓 We have to start again from scratch. 我們必須一切從頭來過。 14 .genome UK /'dji^aom/ US /'d^imoum/ n.基因組(all the genes

23、 in one type of living thing ) gene n. 基因 the human genome人類基因組 15 .epidemic UK /.epi'demik/ US /.epa'demik/ n.傳染病，流行 病 Over 500 people died during last year's flu epidemic. 超過五百人死于去年的流感。 16 .Zika virus寨卡病毒(一種由蚊蟲進(jìn)行傳播的病毒，當(dāng)時(shí)主 要在美洲傳播) 17 .bring sth. down to ...把某物降到某個(gè)水平(reduce sth. to a certain level) 18 .joint efforts 共同努力 19 20