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1、十五、直接引語和間接引語 一、定義一、定義 直接引述別人的話，叫直接引語。被引用的部分放在引號(hào)直接引述別人的話，叫直接引語。被引用的部分放在引號(hào)里。用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話，叫間接引語，間接引語不用引里。用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話，叫間接引語，間接引語不用引號(hào)，在多數(shù)情況下是以賓語從句的形式出現(xiàn)。號(hào)，在多數(shù)情況下是以賓語從句的形式出現(xiàn)。 二、直接引語和間接引語的變化規(guī)則二、直接引語和間接引語的變化規(guī)則 (一一)人稱的變化：一隨主，二隨賓，第三人稱不更新人稱的變化：一隨主，二隨賓，第三人稱不更新用法用法舉例舉例一隨主一隨主直 接 引 語 中直 接 引 語 中的 第 一 人 稱的 第 一 人 稱根 據(jù)

2、間 接 引根 據(jù) 間 接 引語 中 的 主 語語 中 的 主 語作 相 應(yīng) 的 變作 相 應(yīng) 的 變化化He said, “We love our country. ”He said that they love their country. 他說他們熱愛自己的國家。他說他們熱愛自己的國家。She said to me, “I have left my books in your room. ”She told me she had left her books in my room. 她對我說她把書落在我屋里了。她對我說她把書落在我屋里了。用法用法舉例舉例二隨賓二隨賓直接引語中的第二直接引語

3、中的第二人稱根據(jù)間接引語人稱根據(jù)間接引語中的主句的賓語作中的主句的賓語作相應(yīng)的變化相應(yīng)的變化Tom asked me, “Are you a teacher? ”Tom asked me if I was a teacher. 湯姆問我是否是一名老師。湯姆問我是否是一名老師。He asked me, “Do you have a computer? ”He asked me if I had a computer. 他問我是否有計(jì)算機(jī)。他問我是否有計(jì)算機(jī)。用法用法舉例舉例第三人稱不更新第三人稱不更新直接引語中的第三直接引語中的第三人稱在間接引語中人稱在間接引語中不發(fā)生變化不發(fā)生變化Bill s

4、aid, “She is my elder sister. ”Bill said that she was his elder sister. 比爾說她是他的姐姐。比爾說她是他的姐姐。The teacher told Marys parents, “Mary is a good girl. She is always ready to help others. ”The teacher told Marys parents that Mary was a good girl and she was always ready to help others. 老師告訴瑪麗的父母說，瑪麗是一個(gè)好女老

5、師告訴瑪麗的父母說，瑪麗是一個(gè)好女孩，她總是樂于助人。孩，她總是樂于助人。(二二)時(shí)態(tài)的變化時(shí)態(tài)的變化直接引語直接引語間接間接引語引語例句例句一 般 現(xiàn) 在一 般 現(xiàn) 在時(shí)時(shí)一 般 過一 般 過去時(shí)去時(shí)Tom said, “I usually get up at six. ”Tom said (that) he usually got up at six. 湯姆說他通常六點(diǎn)起床。湯姆說他通常六點(diǎn)起床。一 般 過 去一 般 過 去時(shí)時(shí)過 去 完過 去 完成時(shí)成時(shí)Mike told me, “I walked to school yesterday. ”Mike told me he had wa

6、lked to school the day before. 邁克告訴我他昨天步行去上學(xué)的。邁克告訴我他昨天步行去上學(xué)的。直接引語直接引語間接引語間接引語例句例句現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)Nina told me, “Linda is watching TV at home. ”Nina told me (that) Linda was watching TV at home. 尼娜告訴我琳達(dá)正在家看電視。尼娜告訴我琳達(dá)正在家看電視。一般將來時(shí)一般將來時(shí)過去將來時(shí)過去將來時(shí)She said, “I will see you at the same place tomorrow.

7、”She said (that) she would see me at the same place the next day. 她說她第二天要在同一個(gè)地點(diǎn)見她說她第二天要在同一個(gè)地點(diǎn)見我。我。直接引語直接引語間接引語間接引語例句例句現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)Betty said, “I have worked in this factory for over ten years. ”Betty said (that) she had worked in that factory for over ten years. 貝蒂說她在那家工廠工作有十多年貝蒂說她在那家工廠工作有十多

8、年了。了。過去完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)Bob told me, “I had lived here for years before I moved out. ”Bob told me that he had lived there for years before he moved out. 鮑勃告訴鮑勃告訴我他在那兒住了多年才搬走。我他在那兒住了多年才搬走。(三三)指示代詞、時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)等變化指示代詞、時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)等變化直接引語直接引語間接引語間接引語指示代詞指示代詞thisthesethatthose時(shí)間狀語時(shí)間狀語nowtodaytonightthis weekyesterda

9、ylast weekthree days agotomorrownext weekthenthat daythat nightthat weekthe day beforethe week beforethree days beforethe next daythe next week直接引語直接引語間接引語間接引語地點(diǎn)狀語地點(diǎn)狀語herethere方向性動(dòng)詞方向性動(dòng)詞bringcometakego三、直接引語與間接引語的轉(zhuǎn)換三、直接引語與間接引語的轉(zhuǎn)換用法用法例句例句(1)如果直接如果直接引語是陳述引語是陳述句，變成間句，變成間接引語時(shí)，接引語時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞用引導(dǎo)詞用that，但在口語中但在口語

10、中通常省略，通常省略，時(shí)態(tài)、人稱時(shí)態(tài)、人稱和狀語都應(yīng)和狀語都應(yīng)作相應(yīng)的變作相應(yīng)的變化化“Im a teacher. ” she said. She said that she was a teacher. 她說她是一名教師。她說她是一名教師。Bill said to me, “I like English very much. ”Bill told me that he liked English very much. 比爾告訴我說他非常喜歡英語。比爾告訴我說他非常喜歡英語。Betty said, “I am going to buy a bike tomorrow. ”Betty said

11、(that) she was going to buy a bike the next day. 貝蒂說她第二天要買一輛自行車。貝蒂說她第二天要買一輛自行車。用法用法例句例句(2)如果是一般疑問如果是一般疑問句 ， 要 用 連 詞句 ， 要 用 連 詞whether或或if引導(dǎo)，引導(dǎo)，后面用陳述語序，后面用陳述語序，時(shí)態(tài)、人稱和狀語時(shí)態(tài)、人稱和狀語都應(yīng)作相應(yīng)的變化都應(yīng)作相應(yīng)的變化“Are you a student？” Ann asked. Ann asked me whether (if) I was a student. 安問我是否是一名學(xué)生。安問我是否是一名學(xué)生。The teacher

12、asked me, “Can you swim? ”The teacher asked me whether (if) I could swim. 老師問我是否會(huì)游泳。老師問我是否會(huì)游泳。用法用法例句例句(3)如果直接引語是如果直接引語是特殊疑問句，要用特殊疑問句，要用相應(yīng)的疑問詞相應(yīng)的疑問詞who, whom, whose, how, when等引導(dǎo)，助等引導(dǎo)，助動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞do, does或或did要舍棄，并把疑問要舍棄，并把疑問語序改為陳述語序語序改為陳述語序“What are you doing? ”my father asked. My father asked what I was d

13、oing. 爸爸問我在做什么。爸爸問我在做什么?！癢hen did you come here? ”he asked. He asked me when I went there. 他問我什么時(shí)候去那兒。他問我什么時(shí)候去那兒。用法用法例句例句(4)如果直接引語是如果直接引語是祈使句，變?yōu)殚g接祈使句，變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)多用引語時(shí)多用“名詞名詞（代詞）（代詞）+不定式不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)，否定句在結(jié)構(gòu)，否定句在to前面加前面加not; 引述動(dòng)引述動(dòng)詞常用詞常用ask“請求請求”，t e l l “ 告 訴告 訴 ” ，order“命令命令”等等“Please sit down. ” Jim said to m

14、e. Jim asked me to sit down. 吉姆請我坐下。吉姆請我坐下?！癉ont make any noise. ” the teacher told us. The teacher told us not to make any noise. 老師告訴我們別出聲。老師告訴我們別出聲。按要求改寫句子按要求改寫句子1. (2012安順中考安順中考)“Jack, can you help with the dinner? ”Jacks mother asked. （改成間接引語）（改成間接引語）Jack was asked _ he _ help with the dinner.

15、答案：答案：if; could2. (2012孝感中考孝感中考)A: The teacher said to the students, “Dont take mobile phones to school. ”（改為同義句）（改為同義句）B: The teacher told the students _ _ take mobile phones to school. 3. (2011濟(jì)南中考濟(jì)南中考)My friend asked me“Can you make fruit salad? ”(改寫句子，句意不變改寫句子，句意不變)My friend asked me _ I _ make

16、fruit salad. 答案：答案： 2. not to 3. if; could4. (2011上海中考上海中考)Are there any new markets in Asia? The sales manager wants to know. (合并為一句合并為一句)The sales manager wants to know _ there _ any new markets in Asia. 5. (2011樂山中考樂山中考) “Will you please open the window? ” she said to him. (將直接引語改為間接引語將直接引語改為間接引語)She _ him _ open the window. 答案：答案：4. if; are 5. asked; to