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1、第七節(jié)第七節(jié) 冠冠 詞詞一、不定冠詞一、不定冠詞a a和和anan二、定冠詞二、定冠詞thethe三、零冠詞(不用冠詞三、零冠詞(不用冠詞的情況)的情況)一、不定冠詞一、不定冠詞a和和an1.表示泛指2.數(shù)量“一”3.用于such,quite,rather,half,what等詞之后4.“每”二、定冠詞二、定冠詞the1.人或事物第二次被提到時2.名詞有后置定語或定語從句修飾時,如the lady in black(穿黑色衣服的女士)3.世界上獨一無二的事物4.表示江河、海洋、湖泊、山脈、群島名稱的名詞前5.用于一些機構、文娛場所、商店、設施等專有名詞前6.“the+名詞所有格”,表示“處 /
2、 家 / 店”,如 at the doctors(在醫(yī)務室),at my uncles(在我伯父家)7.“the+姓氏的復數(shù)形式”,表示“一家人 / 夫婦”(謂語用復數(shù)形式),如 the Greens(格林一家;格林夫婦),the Blacks (布萊克一家;布萊克夫婦)8.“the+形容詞”,表示一類人(謂語用復數(shù)形式),如 the rich(富人),the poor(窮人),the old(老人),the young(年輕人),the sick(病人),the brave(勇者)9. 用于指雙方都知道的事物10. 某些固定搭配中11. 用于方位名詞、序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級前 三、零冠詞(不用
3、冠詞的情況)三、零冠詞(不用冠詞的情況)1.三餐、球類運動、棋類運動前2.季節(jié)、月份、星期前3.名詞前若有this,that,my,whose,some,any,no,each,every等代詞作定語時4.學科名詞前5.表示人名、地名、街道、城市、洲、省、機場以及大部分大學、公園、節(jié)日6.復數(shù)名詞與物質名詞表示泛指時,如dogs(泛指所有狗),trees(泛指所有樹)7.某些用介詞by構成的表方式的短語中不用冠詞,如:by bus / plane / air乘公共汽車 / 飛機by hand用手工( ) 1.When he came in, _ Whites were having dinne
4、r happily. A.a B.an C.the D./( ) 2.The headteacher told us that the class meeting would begin at _ second class in the afternoon. A.a B.an C.the D./( ) 3.He told me that _ young woman with a hat was his mother. A.a B.an C./ D.theCCD ( ) 4.On _ Childrens Day, children have _ good time in the park. A.
5、the; a B./; a C./; / D./; the( ) 5. _ Changjiang River is _ longest river in China. A.The; / B./; the C./; a D.The; the( ) 6. Why didnt Li Hua go to _ school yesterday? Because he was ill in _ hospital. A.the;the B./;/ C./;the D.the;/BDB ( ) 7.Most business letters around _ world are written in _ En
6、glish. A.the ; the B./ ; / C.the ; / D.a ; /( ) 8. _ book on the shelf is bought in Shanghai last year. A.A B.An C.The D./( ) 9.Our teacher told us we should be kind to _ old. A./ B.a C.an D.the( ) 10.His hobby is playing _ violin and he likes playing _ basketball, too. A.the; / B./; the C./; / D.th
7、e; theACCD第八節(jié)第八節(jié) 情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞常見的情態(tài)動詞的用法常見的情態(tài)動詞的用法1can的用法的用法(1) 表示能力時,相當于be able to / could,不過can只用于一般現(xiàn)在時,could 多用于一般過去時,be able to可用于各種時態(tài)。(2) 表示允許、請求時,could比can 語氣更加委婉客氣,常用于“Could I / you ?” 句型中;若表示同意時,用can回答而不用could。如: Could I use your pen? Yes, you can.(3) cant意為“不能,不會”,也可用于表示推測,意為“不可能”。2may 的用法的用法(1)
8、 表示允許、請求時用法與can相似。在回答以may引起的問句時,肯定回答一般不用may這個詞,而用其他方式,如“Yes, please.”或“Certainly.”,否定回答用cant或mustnt, 不能用may not。(2) 表示推測,意為“可能,也許”,常用于肯定句中。3must的用法的用法(1) 表示義務,意為“必須”(主觀意志);否定形式 mustnt, 意為“禁止,不允許”。在回答以must引起的問句時,肯定回答用must,否定回答用neednt或dont have to,不能用mustnt。如: Must we hand in our test papers now? No,
9、you neednt. / No, you dont have to. (2)must和must be 都表示揣測,意為“想必,準是,一定”,只用于肯定句中。4have to的用法的用法have to意為“必須,不得不”,強調客觀需要,即外界因素迫使某人不得不做某事。5need的用法的用法(1)用作情態(tài)動詞時,沒有人稱、時態(tài)和數(shù)的變化,后面接動詞原形,常用于疑問句及否定句中。否定形式:neednt do sth. = dont / doesnt / didnt / wont + have to do sth.(2)用作實義動詞時,有人稱、時態(tài)和數(shù)的變化,后面接動詞不定式,常用于疑問句、否定句和
10、肯定句中??隙ㄐ问剑簄eed to do sth.否定形式:dont / doesnt / didnt / wont+need to do sth.注意:need doing (=need to be done),意為“某事需要被做”,表示被動。6“had better+動詞原形”,意為“最好做”?!癶ad better not+動詞原形”,意為“最好不做”。7“used to+動詞原形”,意為“過去常常做”?!癰e / get used to+動詞ing”,意為“習慣于做”。8“would rather+動詞原形”,意為“寧愿做”??键c精練( ) 1.My computer doesnt w
11、ork. Something _ wrong with it. A.can be B.will be C.must be D.shall be( ) 2.Joan _ be a thief. She is my best friend. I know her well. A.cant B.mustnt C.may not D.must( ) 3.At the age of 12, he _ see anything. He was blind. A.cant B.was able not to C.wasnt able to D.isnt able toCAC( ) 4. _ I return
12、 the books to you now? No, you_ . You can keep them till next week. A.Must; mustnt B.Must; cant C.Shall; mustnt D.Must; neednt( ) 5.Smoking is bad for your health. You _ smoke any longer. A.neednt B.had better not C.ought to not D.had better not toDB( ) 6.Sorry, sir. You_ park your car here. A.mustn
13、t B.neednt C.ought to not D.had better not to( ) 7. _ I go home now? Yes. You _ stay here if your work is finished. A.Must; dont have to B.May; dont have to C.Can; mustnt D.Must; needntAB ( ) 8. It is said that your brother will go abroad next month. Is it true? He _ . He isnt very sure yet. A.must
14、B.can C.has to D.may( ) 9. _ I borrow your bike? Im sorry you _ . I will ride it to the park soon. A.May; neednt B.Can; mustnt C.Must; neednt D.May; cant( ) 10. What will you do this afternoon, stay at home or go out to play? It is too hot, so I _ stay at home and watch TV. A.would rather B.had better to C.should D.must ADD