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1、專題四專題四完形填空完形填空完形填空是一種綜合性很強(qiáng)的英語測試題型,是中考必考的題型。它起點(diǎn)高,容量大,涉及的知識面廣,靈活性強(qiáng)。它既考查了考生的閱讀理解能力、邏輯推理能力、分析判斷能力和語言運(yùn)用能力,又考查了考生對語法、詞匯、習(xí)語、句型以及固定搭配等基礎(chǔ)知識的綜合運(yùn)用能力。試題特點(diǎn)也逐漸出現(xiàn)了“情景推理多,語法選項少”的趨勢。中考對完形填空的考查重點(diǎn)是:(1)詞匯?？疾榈膬?nèi)容有名詞、代詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞、連詞、動詞以及詞語的固定搭配和習(xí)慣用法等。(2)語法?？疾楦鞣N語法規(guī)則在文章中的運(yùn)用。其中包括名詞的單復(fù)數(shù),形容詞、副詞的比較等級,動詞的時態(tài)、語態(tài),主謂一致,動詞不定式,動詞-ing形

2、式的用法等。(3)句型?？疾槲覀冊趯W(xué)習(xí)過程中接觸到的各種特殊句型。(4)結(jié)構(gòu)?？疾槲恼轮泻唵尉涞幕绢愋?以及句子與句子之間、段落與段落之間和上下文之間的邏輯關(guān)系。也就是說,完形填空題是在整體感知短文內(nèi)容的基礎(chǔ)上,著重對語法、固定用法及習(xí)慣用語的考查?？疾榈姆绞?選擇型完形填空。題型題型選擇型完形填空1.通讀全文,掌握大意做題前,應(yīng)將短文從頭到尾跳過空格快速通讀一遍,了解其大意。切忌在未把握文章大意前便匆匆地逐項對空格選填。邊讀邊填會打斷閱讀的思路,影響對全文大意的了解,其結(jié)果是“只見樹木,不見森林”,勢必?zé)o法從整體上把握全文概要,造成顧此失彼,既影響準(zhǔn)確率,又影響做題速度。閱讀的同時,注意弄

3、清文章的體裁,是記敘文、議論文、說明文還是夾敘夾議文等。還要弄清楚文章的題材,是科普小品文、人物傳記、新聞報道、寓言故事、科普文章還是文化小品文等。要了解短文的主要內(nèi)容,就要基本把握文章的中心意思,抓住主題句,對空格位置的詞語進(jìn)行分析和判斷,以便理順?biāo)悸?為后面的答題做好充分的準(zhǔn)備。題型2.細(xì)讀首尾,推測意圖文章的首句(段)是觀察全文的“窗口”。尾句(段)是文章的總結(jié)、結(jié)論或點(diǎn)睛之筆,會帶給我們許多啟示。所以抓住文章的首句(段)和尾句(段),對把握文章的主旨大意有很大的幫助。因此我們要仔細(xì)閱讀文章的首句(段)和尾句(段),這樣我們不僅可以得到重要的信息而且可以據(jù)此推測出作者的意圖。題型3.緊扣

4、文意,靈活答題(1)根據(jù)空格處的語言信息,從上下文中直接找出答案。(2)緊緊圍繞中心意思,對各小題的各個選項逐一分析判斷,應(yīng)用正確的方法,選擇最佳答案。(3)根據(jù)文章及結(jié)構(gòu),邊讀邊填空。能夠立刻確定正確答案的,不必再去驗(yàn)證。(4)先易后難。切忌長時間停留在一題上,既浪費(fèi)時間,又容易干擾對整篇文章的正確理解。一般情況下,將大部分題做完后,少數(shù)難題便可迎刃而解。(5)根據(jù)短文的主題及中心思想,領(lǐng)會短文的精神實(shí)質(zhì),綜合思考,推斷出正確答案。此類試題空格一般出現(xiàn)在短文的末尾,用來概括人物個性特點(diǎn)、作者意圖、全文主題等。題型4.前后照應(yīng),綜合分析對一時難以確定答案的空格,可根據(jù)其位置,從語法結(jié)構(gòu)、詞語意

5、義及搭配、習(xí)慣用法和上下文關(guān)系等方面分析。“前后照應(yīng)”是確定答案的關(guān)鍵。首先細(xì)讀空格所在的句子,再回顧上一句,兼顧下一句。如果一句中有兩處空格,在初定答案時要“雙管齊下”,在兩處同時試選答案。然后通讀全句,確定答案。在選定答案時應(yīng)從以下幾個方面考慮:(1)所選詞或短語是否符合本句內(nèi)容,使上下文連貫和諧,與全文意義相協(xié)調(diào)。(2)所選詞或短語是否符合某種固定搭配。(3)所選詞或短語是否符合某種句型、時態(tài)、語態(tài)的特殊要求。題型(4)所選詞本身或附近的詞有無特殊要求,如有些動詞后面只接動詞-ing形式而不能接不定式。(5)如果所選詞是連詞,應(yīng)從句子結(jié)構(gòu)和上下文意義確定用連接副詞還是連接代詞。(6)如果

6、選項是關(guān)系詞,應(yīng)根據(jù)定語從句所修飾的先行詞和關(guān)系詞在定語從句中的地位和作用確定是用關(guān)系代詞還是用關(guān)系副詞,用which還是that。(7)借助常識及所學(xué)過的科學(xué)、文學(xué)、歷史、地理、天文等非語言知識。(8)憑借語感。題型5.充分運(yùn)用邏輯推理有時候四個選項在語法上或語言習(xí)慣上都沒有明顯的錯誤。在這種情況下,可充分運(yùn)用邏輯推理,從以下四個方面對選項進(jìn)行分析,從而確定正確答案。(1)圍繞文章的中心意思,根據(jù)前后句及上下文以及段落之間的邏輯關(guān)系推理判斷。特別要注意那些表示轉(zhuǎn)折或承上啟下的連詞和副詞。(2)根據(jù)故事情節(jié)的發(fā)展、人物的性格、文章的深層含義做進(jìn)一步推斷。(3)根據(jù)自己的常識及經(jīng)驗(yàn)以及對某些方面

7、知識的了解來進(jìn)行判斷。(4)根據(jù)詞語本身含義的差異或其在句子中的作用及用法的不同進(jìn)行判斷推理。題型6.復(fù)讀全文,驗(yàn)證答案把填好的短文通讀一遍,將不合題意的答案進(jìn)行調(diào)整或修改;如果實(shí)在無法確定,可以作推理性猜測,不可放棄不填。進(jìn)行核查時注意以下三點(diǎn):(1)上下文的一致性:時態(tài)、語態(tài)的一致;代詞、名詞、單復(fù)數(shù)的一致。(2)語法和習(xí)慣用法及習(xí)慣搭配。(3)段與段、句與句之間的銜接是否連貫。題型【歸納】做完形填空題要遵循下面的解題要訣:完形填空考能力,具有較高失分率。 難度深度都較大,解題方法要注意。 通讀全文知大意,特別注意首尾句。逐題逐空細(xì)推敲,較難空格越過去。注意個別和整體,不要單個搞孤立。固定

8、搭配要知曉,習(xí)慣用法別忘記。同義近義細(xì)區(qū)分,用法不同細(xì)辨異。還要注意細(xì)推理,前后一定合邏輯。字斟句酌攻難關(guān),最后檢驗(yàn)別忘記。答案代入原句中,是否通順看仔細(xì)。每句是否合語法,合乎語法看句意。英美習(xí)俗要遵守,注意中西之差異。努力學(xué)習(xí)在平時,做好完形填空題。題型典例典例(2017安徽)Bike-sharing is a new choice for short journeys in cities.It is good to the 1 development of the big cities. A 2 by a company found that shared bikes started th

9、e nations 3 for bikes again.Now more and more Chinese people are 4 bikes instead of cars to make short journeys in cities. 1.A.slowB.healthy C.harmfulD.sudden2.A.ruleB.plan C.reportD.suggestion3.A.searchB.worry C.preparation D.love4.A.choosing B.pushing C.repairing D.locking 答案解析解析關(guān)閉1.句意:共享單車對于大城市的健

10、康發(fā)展是有好處的。healthy“健康的”,符合句意。2.句意:某公司的一份報告發(fā)現(xiàn),共享單車又喚醒了人們對自行車的熱愛。report“報告”,符合句意。3.句意:某公司的一份報告發(fā)現(xiàn),共享單車又喚醒了人們對自行車的熱愛。love“熱愛”,符合句意。4.句意:現(xiàn)在越來越多的人開始選擇騎自行車去比較近的地方,而不是開車去。choose“選擇”,符合句意。 答案解析關(guān)閉1.B2.C3.D4.A題型An engineer of that company says that since the 5 of shared bikes,people have made fewer trips by car.

11、The love for shared bikes is not only among 6 people,who were born in the 1980s and 1990s,but also among people over sixty. 5.A.endB.startC.controlD.fall6.A.strongB.weakC.old D.young 答案解析解析關(guān)閉5.句意:自從共享單車開始被使用,人們開車外出的次數(shù)少了一些。start“開始”,符合句意。6.根據(jù)后面的“born in the 1980s and 1990s”可知選young“年輕的”。 答案解析關(guān)閉5.B 6.

12、D題型At weekends,the number of the riders in Shenzhen reaches the 7 of all cities.On weekdays,the number of people who use shared bikes to travel to work is 8 in Shanghai. 7.A.topB.sideC.cornerD.line8.A.coming overB.putting offC.going upD.giving away 答案解析解析關(guān)閉7.句意:深圳騎自行車的人數(shù)達(dá)到各個城市之首。the top of意為“之首”。8.句

13、意:上海騎共享單車旅行的人數(shù)也在不斷增加。go up意為“(數(shù)量)上漲”。 答案解析關(guān)閉7.A 8.C題型It is said that bike-sharing will help 9 the cities environment.It not only helps solve the traffic problems,but also will help to make more use of 10 in cities.Take Beijing as an example,if more people choose shared bikes,an area of five Birds Ne

14、st stadiums (體育場)will be saved. 9.A.discover B.separateC.experience D.improve10.A.airB.timeC.spaceD.money 答案解析解析關(guān)閉9.句意:據(jù)說共享單車將有助于改善城市的環(huán)境。improve“改善,提高”,符合句意。10.句意:它不僅幫助解決交通問題,也有助于充分利用空間。space“空間”,符合句意。 答案解析關(guān)閉9.D 10.C題型1.A.breakfastB.lunchC.supper D.dinner答案:A2.A.workingB.climbingC.livingD.separating

15、答案:C3.A.keptB.rushedC.pointedD.found答案:B題型4.A.beat B.askC.hateD.miss答案:D5.A.WhyB.WhoC.When D.Where答案:C題型“Ive told you hundreds of times.Mum will be back in two months.We will live together again then.Mum always loves her6 and she wants to take the chance to meet more clients(客戶),” Dad explained,“And

16、 her boss told her that she might become the manager.Are you 7?” 6.A.housework B.gardenC.jobD.trousers答案:C7.A.happyB.healthyC.honestD.strict答案:A題型“Not at all.Is work more important than me?” asked Vincent.“No,of course not.You are the most important to Mum and Dad,8 we have to work.You will understa

17、nd us when you grow up,” said Dad as he 9 at the school gate. Vincent got out of the 10.Dad drove off,going back to his office. 8.A.orB.because C.after D.but答案:D9.A.movedB.stopped C.metD.shouted答案:B10.A.houseB.office C.schoolD.car答案:DB(2017山東棗莊)People once went hungry.A rich man who made bread and c

18、akes sent for twenty of the1 children in the town,and told them to take a loaf(條)of bread from a 2 every day till the hard days passed. 題型1.A.kindestB.smartest C.poorestD.thinnest答案:C解析:kindest “最善良的”;smartest “最聰明的”;poorest “最窮的”;thinnest “最瘦的”。由后面的“till the hard days passed”可知指“最窮的”。故選C項。2.A.bowlB

19、.basket C.kitchenD.fridge答案:B解析:bowl “碗”;basket“籃子”;kitchen “廚房”;fridge“冰箱”。根據(jù)第三段中的“which alone was left in the basket”可知選B項。題型The hungry children came together 3,and argued for the bread,because each wished to have the largest one.Finally they went away without even thanking the good gentleman. 3.A

20、.luckilyB.proudlyC.silentlyD.excitedly答案:D解析:luckily “不幸地”;proudly“驕傲地”;silently “沉默地”;excitedly“興奮地”。根據(jù)上文及后面的“argued for the bread”可知他們是興奮地聚到一起的,故選D項。題型But Gretchen,a poorly-dressed little girl,did not argue or 4 with the rest,but remained standing quietly far away from them.5 the bad-mannered chil

21、dren left,she took the smallest bread,which alone was left in the basket,kissed the gentlemans hand,and went home. 4.A.fightB.playC.talk D.jump答案:A解析:fight“打架”;play “玩”;talk “交談”;jump“跳”。根據(jù)前面的“argue or”可知選A項。5.A.IfB.When C.BecauseD.Unless答案:B解析:根據(jù)小女孩拿的是剩下的最小的面包,可知是在其他孩子離開后她才去拿的面包。故選B項。題型The next day

22、 the children were as bad-mannered as before,and poor,shy Gretchen 6 a loaf even smaller than the one she got the first day.When she came home,her mother cut the loaf open.Many new shining pieces of 7 fell out of it. 6.A.broughtB.tasted C.receivedD.noticed答案:C解析:句意:第二天,那些孩子和以前一樣粗魯,貧窮而害羞的Gretchen只得到了

23、一條比第一天還小的面包。結(jié)合句意,故選C項。7.A.silverB.bread C.goldD.glass答案:A解析:silver “銀幣”;bread “面包”;gold“金子”;glass“玻璃”。根據(jù)后文中的“I had the silver pieces put into the smallest loaf to give you.”可知是銀幣,故選A項。題型Her mother was very surprised and worried,and said,“Take the money back to the good gentleman at once,for it must

24、have got into the dough(生面團(tuán))8 mistake.Be quick,Gretchen!Be quick!” 8.A.inB.onC.withD.by答案:D解析:by mistake“錯誤地”,固定短語,故選D項。題型But when the little girl gave the rich man her mothers 9,he said,“No,no,my child,it was not a mistake.I had the silver pieces put into the smallest loaf to give you.Always be as

25、satisfied,quiet,and 10 as you now are.Go home now,and tell your mother that the money is your own.” 9.A.thanksB.message C.walletD.praise答案:B解析:根據(jù)上段媽媽說的話可知選B項。10.A.thankfulB.friendly C.livelyD.lovely答案:A解析:thankful “感激的”;friendly “友好的”;lively “活潑的”;lovely“可愛的”。由第三段最后一句話可知,小女孩每次拿完面包后都會親吻紳士的手對他表示感謝。所以小

26、女孩是心存感恩的,故選A項。CJerry is the kind of guy you love to work and live with.He is always happy and always has something 1 to say.When someone asks him how he is doing,he must reply,“If I 2 any better,I would be twins!”題型1.A.positive B.negativeC.strangeD.sad答案:A解析:由前一分句“He is always happy (他總是很快樂)”可知“他總是說

27、些積極的話”,故選A項。2.A.beB.isC.am D.were答案:D解析:從句意以及句子結(jié)構(gòu)都可以看出此句是一個含有虛擬語氣的句子。主句用的是would+動詞原形,if虛擬從句應(yīng)該用一般過去時。故選D項。題型Jerry is an 3 manager because he has several waiters who have followed him around from restaurant to restaurant.The reason the waiters follow him is his 4 to life.He always 5 others.If a waiter

28、 is having a bad day,Jerry is there telling the waiter how to 6 the positive side of the situation.題型3.A.unluckyB.unhealthyC.unusualD.unpleasant答案:C解析:由后面的原因狀語從句的句意(有幾位服務(wù)員跟隨他在很多家餐館干過)可知他應(yīng)是一位不平凡的經(jīng)理,故選C項。4.A.attitudeB.ticketC.answerD.habit答案:A解析:由整篇文章談?wù)摻芾飳ι畹姆e極樂觀的態(tài)度可知,此處填attitude。句意:這些服務(wù)員跟著杰里是因?yàn)樗麑ι畹膽B(tài)

29、度。故選A項。5.A.laughs atB.encouragesC.annoysD.frustrates答案:B解析:由上文杰里對生活的積極樂觀態(tài)度可知杰里總是鼓勵他人,故選B項。6.A.find B.makeC.regard D.deal答案:A解析:句意:如果哪個服務(wù)員不走運(yùn)了,杰里就會告訴他如何發(fā)現(xiàn)事情好的一面。故選A項。題型I was very curious(好奇的) about his positive attitude,7 one day I went up to Jerry and asked him,“I dont get it!You are a positive pers

30、on 8.How do you do it?”7.A.but B.becauseC.soD.though 答案:C解析:句意:我對他的積極樂觀態(tài)度很好奇,有一天我去問他。前后兩句是因果關(guān)系,故選C項。8.A.at the time B.at timesC.all the timeD.by the time答案:C解析:由第一段第二句中的兩個“always”可知此處填all the time,句意為“你總是一個積極樂觀的人”,故選C項。題型Jerry replied,“Each morning I 9 and say to myself,Jerry,you have two choices to

31、day.You can choose to be happy or you can choose to be unhappy.I choose to be happy.Each time something bad happens,I can choose to be a victim (犧牲品)or I can choose to learn from it.I choose to learn from it.”9.A.wake upB.stand upC.cheer upD.think up答案:A解析:wake up “醒來”;stand up “站起來”;cheer up “振作起來”

32、;think up “想出”。句意:每天早上醒來后,我對自己說“杰里,今天你有兩個選擇”。題型Life is all about choices.Please remember:“You are what you 10.”10.A.bornB.chooseC.LearnD.say答案:B解析:由前一句“Life is all about choices.”可推知句意為“請記住:你就是你的選擇?！惫蔬xB項。題型DTwo brothers decided to dig a deep hole behind their house.As they were working,a couple of o

33、lder boys stopped to1.“What are you doing?” asked one of the 2.1.A.reportB.dig C.watch D.compare答案:C解析:由下一句兩個大孩子的問話可知他們停下來“觀看”(兩兄弟挖洞)。2.A.visitorsB.workers C.sistersD.owners答案:A解析:由下一句兩兄弟的回答可知提問的是其中一位“參觀者”。題型“We plan to dig a hole all the way through the earth!” one of the brothers answered.The olde

34、r boys began to laugh,telling the brothers that digging a hole all through the earth was3.3.A.amazingB.harmfulC.excitingD.impossible答案:D解析:由前半句“The older boys began to laugh.”可以推斷出他們認(rèn)為挖一個穿透地球的洞是“不可能的”。題型After a long silence,one of the diggers 4a box full of different kinds of insects.He5the wonderfu

35、l things to the visitors.Then he said quietly,“ 6we dont dig all the way through the earth,look at what weve found!”4.A.checkedB.liftedC.hidD.protected答案:B解析:其中一個挖洞的孩子“舉起”一個盒子。lift“舉起”,check“檢查”,hide“藏”,protect“保護(hù)”。5.A.showedB.soldC.threwD.offered答案:A解析:他將這些神奇的東西“展示”給參觀者看。show“展示”。6.A.ThoughB.If C.B

36、ecauseD.Unless答案:A解析:雖然“我們”沒能挖通地球,但是看看“我們”找到的東西!though“雖然”。題型Their goal was too hard to reach,but it did cause them to dig.And that is what a goal is 7to cause us to move in the direction we have chosen.7.A.like B.forC.withD.at答案:B解析:由破折號后面的“.to cause us to move in the direction we have chosen.”可知此處

37、指目標(biāo)是“為了”什么。for表示目的。題型Not every goal will be fully8.Not every job will end successfully.Not every dream will be realized.But when you fail,perhaps you can say,“Yes,but look at what Ive found along the way!Look at the 9things that have come into my life because I try to do something!”8.A.changedB.achi

38、eved C.introducedD.provided答案:B解析:此句和它后面兩句是并列的,由后面兩句可知該句指目標(biāo)并不總能“實(shí)現(xiàn)”。9.A.painfulB.embarrassingC.expected D.wonderful答案:D解析:由上文提到的“.a box full of different kinds of insects.”和“the wonderful things”可以推斷出此句指看看“我”努力做事給“我”的生活帶來的“精彩的”東西。E“Do you like my dress?” a little girl asked a passing stranger.“My mo

39、mmy made it just for me,” she said with tears in her eyes.“Well,I think its very beautiful,1why are you crying?” asked the woman.The little girl answered,“After Mommy made me this dress,she had to go away.Daddy said that shes up in heaven(天堂)2 Grandfather.”題型1.A.andB.but C.or D.though答案:B解析:“衣服很漂亮”和

40、“小女孩哭”是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,故填but。2.A.toB.forC.of D.with答案:D解析:由上一句中的go away可推斷女孩的媽媽去了天堂,和小女孩的爺爺在一起。介詞with表示“同在一起”。題型The woman realized what the child meant and why she was crying.She held the child in her 3 and together they cried for the mommy that was gone.Then suddenly,the little girl did something4.She stopped

41、 crying,and began to sing.It was the sweetest sound the woman had ever heard,almost like the song of a very small bird.3.A.armsB.eyesC.shouldersD.cars答案:A解析:知道了小女孩的不幸遭遇后,那位女士把小女孩摟在懷里。hold someone in arms表示“把某人摟在懷里”。4.A.creativeB.wrongC.strangeD.important答案:C解析:由下一句“She stopped crying,and began to si

42、ng.”可知在那位女士看來是很“奇怪的”舉動。題型After the child stopped5,she explained to the woman,“Mommy taught me the song before she went away.And she made me promise to sing it whenever I 6crying.She said it would make me stop.You see,now my eyes are dry.”As the woman turned to go,the little girl said to her,“Madam,c

43、an you wait just a minute?I want to show you7.”“Of course,” answered the woman.“What do you want me to see?”題型5.A.singingB.cryingC.eatingD.walking答案:A解析:由上一段的內(nèi)容可知小女孩不再哭泣并開始唱歌,該段承接上文,指小女孩停止“唱歌”。6.A.startedB.stoppedC.likedD.hated答案:A解析:由上文內(nèi)容可知,小女孩的媽媽希望每當(dāng)她“開始”哭的時候都能唱那首歌。7.A.anythingB.somethingC.everyth

44、ingD.nothing答案:B解析:小女孩讓那位女士等一下再走,因?yàn)樗虢o她看“某樣?xùn)|西”。 something意為“某物”。題型Pointing to a spot(斑點(diǎn))on her dress,the little girl said,“Right here is 8Mommy kissed my dress,and here is another kiss,and here,and here.Mommy said that she put all those 9on my dress so that I would have her love with me.” Then the w

45、oman 10 that she no longer saw a little girl in a simple dress.She saw a child wrapped(包裹)in her mothers love.題型8.A.whatB.whenC.whyD.where答案:D解析:句意:這里就是媽媽吻我衣服的地方,因此,此處填 where。9.A.colorsB.lettersC.kissesD.flowers答案:C解析:由上一句中的 kissed 和 another kiss可知該空填kisses。10.A.hopedB.decidedC.realizedD.explained答案:C解析:媽媽在小女孩衣服上留下的吻使那位女士“意識”到那件衣服不是普通的衣服,而是飽含了母愛的衣服。