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1、專題五專題五閱讀理解閱讀理解(含任務型閱讀含任務型閱讀)1.閱讀理解題主要考查考生綜合運用所學語言知識的能力,包括閱讀能力、理解能力、歸納概括能力、邏輯推理能力以及對閱讀材料的評估能力。試題中所選的閱讀文章題材廣泛,涉及政治、經(jīng)濟、社會文化、風俗習慣、歷史、地理、科技等各個方面。體裁多樣,包括記敘文、說明文、議論文、應用文以及新聞報道、廣告、通知、說明等各種文體。2.中考對閱讀理解的考查重點:(1)根據(jù)上下文和構詞法推斷、理解生詞的含義;(2)掌握段落中句與句之間的邏輯關系;(3)歸納文章的主題,理解故事的情節(jié),預測故事情節(jié)的發(fā)展和可能的結局;(4)根據(jù)不同的閱讀目的,運用簡單的閱讀策略獲取主

2、要信息,按要求完成題目。3.考查的主要方式:選擇型閱讀理解和任務型閱讀理解。4.在做此題時,要注意以下幾個方面:(1)做好閱讀預測依據(jù)文章標題(副標題)、插圖以及相關的背景知識和社會生活經(jīng)驗,對文章的大致內(nèi)容進行預測。然后閱讀文章的第一段,并對自己的預測進行驗證、糾正,同時抓住主題句、關鍵詞,從而更好地從整體上去理解和把握文章的中心。(2)依據(jù)主題句定短文的中心主題句通常置于段落的開頭,有時在段落末尾和中間,其他的句子通常用來說明和闡述主題句。若把一個個主題句加以整理,就能悟出其中心思想,同時還可以回避、排除個別生詞、難句(等困難信號)所帶來的干擾。但也有一些文章的中心思想常貫穿在全文中,因而

3、要綜觀全文,對全文有一個透徹的理解。(3)掌握具體事實和重要細節(jié)閱讀文章時,要培養(yǎng)辨認和記憶具體事實、重要細節(jié)的習慣。(4)運用構詞法、語境線索等來推測關鍵詞義在閱讀文章的過程中,常常會遇到一些生詞,如果不懂得這些詞義就會妨礙理解。但大部分生詞是可以根據(jù)上下文,結合構詞法,或借助文章中的語境線索來幫助猜測詞義。這有助于考生加快閱讀速度,提高閱讀理解能力。(5)改進閱讀方式學會掃讀(scanning),快速瀏覽全文,通過把握主題句領會文章大意,辨析文體,掌握篇章結構,進而抓住文章的中心。學會跳讀(skipping),在瀏覽全文的基礎上進行跳讀,以回答個別事實細節(jié)性的問題。有些細節(jié)性的問題不能直接

4、在短文中找到答案,必須進行必要的綜合、歸納、轉換才能獲得。這些細節(jié)問題通常涉及數(shù)據(jù)、時間、人稱、代詞的指代、動作行為的關聯(lián)、動作行為者與承受者、地點和空間、表達方式、因果、條件、內(nèi)涵與外延等。題型1題型2題型1選擇型閱讀理解典例1Many families with children spend their summer holidays in Vineyard.One of the popular places for families is the Flying Horses Carousel(旋轉木馬).They built the colorful horses in 1876.And

5、 one of the best places for children to swim at is the Joseph beach.The water there is warmer and calmer than that at some of the other Vineyard beaches.People can walk through more than nine kilometers of fields.They can learn about the plants and animals on the island.People can also sit on the be

6、ach to watch the sunset.As the sun goes down in the sky,it paints yellow,red,and other colors on the clouds.題型1題型2Many summer visitors also travel to Nantucket.Its another island near Massachusetts.Visitors like this island because of its beaches,its open land and its trees.Nantucket is smaller than

7、 Vineyard.The name of the only town on Nantucket Island is also Nantucket.Many visitors say the most interesting part of the town is the area of homes.The island is famous for its small gray houses with roses(玫瑰)growing on them.Most visitors who go to both Nantucket and Vineyard enjoy almost everyth

8、ing about the islands.The crowds during the warm season lead to(導致)heavy traffic and long lines for services.Yet,most visitors really enjoy their holidays in Vineyard and Nantucket.題型1題型2 答案解析解析關閉細節(jié)理解題。由第一段第四、五句“And one of the best places for children to swimat is the Joseph beach.The water there is

9、 warmer and calmer than that at some of the other Vineyard beaches.”可知答案。 答案解析關閉A 1.Why do children like to swim at the Joseph beach?A.Because the water there is warmer and calmer.B.Because their parents like to swim there.C.Because they can play games there.D.Because roses are growing on it.題型1題型22

10、.What does the underlined word “sunset” mean?A.捕魚 B.彩虹C.日出D.日落 答案解析解析關閉詞義猜測題。由下一句中的”As the sun goes down.(當太陽落下去的時候)”可知該詞義為“日落”。 答案解析關閉D 題型1題型2 答案解析解析關閉細節(jié)理解題。由第二段倒數(shù)第二句“Many visitors say the most interesting part of the town is the area of homes.”可知答案。 答案解析關閉B 3.The most interesting part of the town

11、of Nantucket is .A.the Flying Horses CarouselB.the area of homesC.the beautiful rosesD.the beautiful beaches題型1題型24.Are there too many visitors in Nantucket and Vineyard in summer?A.No,there arent.B.Yes,there are.C.We dont know.D.We hope so. 答案解析解析關閉推理判斷題。從最后一段倒數(shù)第二句可知,在溫暖的季節(jié),擁擠的人群造成交通堵塞并形成等待的長隊,因此推斷

12、在夏季游客很多。 答案解析關閉B 題型1題型25.Whats the main idea of this article?A.How to spend summer holidays.B.Vineyard is a good place to visit.C.Nantucket is famous for its small gray houses.D.The two islandsVineyard and Nantucket. 答案解析解析關閉主旨大意題。通讀全文可知,本文主要介紹了Vineyard和Nantucket這兩個適合夏天旅游的島嶼。 答案解析關閉D 題型1題型2 方法突破 1.詞

13、義猜測題:根據(jù)上下文內(nèi)容猜測詞義。如:.most of us agreed,however,Bill dissented.大部分人同意,從however 一詞可推知dissent 意思為“不同意”。根據(jù)背景知識猜測詞義。根據(jù)文章中所舉的例子猜測詞義。如:.The Germans are very hard-working.They like tidiness,especially the women,who always keep their homes clean.A.整潔B.安靜 C.時尚D.隨意題型1題型2做這個題目時,要根據(jù)后文的內(nèi)容來進行推測。由后文especially the wo

14、men,who always keep their homes clean.“尤其是婦女,總是把家保持得很干凈”可推知:德國人喜歡的是干凈、整潔。所以選A項符合題意。根據(jù)語法知識猜測詞義。根據(jù)構詞法猜測詞義。題型1題型22.細節(jié)理解題:把握順序原則。把握定位詞原則。如例文中的“.the most interesting part of the town.”是第3小題的解題關鍵詞。把握排除法原則。3.推理判斷題:抓住關鍵信息進行正向或逆向推理。如例文中的“The crowds during the warm season lead to(導致)heavy traffic and long lin

15、es for services.”是解答第4小題的依據(jù),導致了交通堵塞和人們排起長隊的原因,是游人眾多。整合全文信息進行推斷。利用語境的褒貶性進行信息推斷。題型1題型24.主旨大意題:重點閱讀語篇首尾和各段首尾,尋找主題句。注意出現(xiàn)頻率較高的詞語,文章中的關鍵詞常常多次出現(xiàn),它常蘊含著文章的中心思想。如例文中多次出現(xiàn)Vineyard和Nantucket這兩個詞,且全文為之展開描述。因此在第5小題中,D項就是例文的中心。概括性較強選項優(yōu)先,片面選項勿選。題型1題型2The 33-year-old Cannavaro once helped Italy to get its fourth Worl

16、d Cup title.This time,he competed with two strikers Zine Zidane and Rinaldinho.He finally beat them.A lot of people said this award should have gone to a striker.But Cannavaro has again beaten this view.Cannavaro learned to play football in a town of Naples,Italy.Later,he became a ball boy at the ci

17、tys stadium.That was before he entered the Series A game in his country.題型1題型2While the Italian football clubs were criticized(批評) because of scandals (丑聞),he set a role model by trying his best to do well in every match.It has encouraged other players and given hope to the countrys football spirit.

18、Cannavaro stands out most for his leadership.As captain of Italy at the World Cup,he knew how to bring out the countrys defensive tradition.A lot of top defenders were born in Italy.題型1題型2 答案解析解析關閉細節(jié)理解題。由短文第一段的二、三句以及下文可知,有些人認為球場上的前鋒才能得到掌聲,但是Fabio Cannavaro證明這一觀點是錯的,即每個人都能拿到最高獎。故選D項。 答案解析關閉D1.Which o

19、f the following idea will the writer agree?A.The strikers who make the goals should win the loudest applause.B.Strikers are the only heroes that can get the top awards.C.Only forwards and midfielders can get an award like the FIFA World Player.D.The top award may go to any wonderful player.題型1題型2 答案

20、解析解析關閉細節(jié)理解題。由短文倒數(shù)第一、二段可知,C項正確。 答案解析關閉C 2.According to the passage,which of the following is TRUE?A.Cannavaro appears in every match of the Italy.B.Cannavaro beat Zine Zidane and Rinaldinho,and thats why he won the Golden Ball Award.C.Cannavaro contributes a lot to helping his countrys team.D.Cannava

21、ro himself thought the top award should be given to a striker.題型1題型2 答案解析解析關閉推理判斷題。由倒數(shù)第一段的第一、二句可知,Cannavaro被選為隊長是因為其領導力,故選A項。 答案解析關閉A3.Cannavaro was chosen to be captain of Italy because of .A.his leadershipB.his nationalityC.his spiritD.his role題型1題型2 答案解析解析關閉事件排序題。將選項定位到文中相應的位置,可知事件發(fā)生的先后順序是c-a-d-b

22、,故選B項。 答案解析關閉B 4.Put the following statements into the right order.a.Become a ball boy at the citys stadium.b.Win the FIFA player of the Year award.c.Learn to play football in a town of Naples.d.Enter the Series A game in his country.A.a-c-d-bB.c-a-d-bC.a-d-c-bD.c-a-b-d題型1題型2 答案解析解析關閉標題概括題。本文主要講述了作為

23、后衛(wèi)的Fabio Cannavaro獲得了足球的最高獎項及其成就。故選B項。 答案解析關閉B5.Which is the best title for the passage?A.The FIFA Player of the Year AwardB.Defender Wins Big Football AwardC.The American Footballer Fabio CannavaroD.Cannavaro and His Team題型1題型2題型2任務型閱讀理解典例2閱讀下面短文,根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容完成句子。A few days ago,I ran into(撞上) a stranger

24、as he passed by.I said sorry to him,and he said,“Excuse me too,I wasnt even watching for you.”We were very polite,this stranger and I.Then we went on our way after saying goodbye.Later in the kitchen at home,as I cooked our meal,my daughter Betty walked up to me,very quietly.When I turned around(轉身)

25、,I nearly knocked her down.“Get out of the way!”I shouted angrily.She ran away,crying.That night,when I lay in bed,my husband said to me,“You were so rude to Betty.Go and look around on the kitchen floor,and youll find some flowers there.Betty brought those for you.She picked them herselfpink,yellow

26、,and your favorite blue.”題型1題型2When I heard this,I thought deeply:While meeting with a stranger,I was calm and polite;but with my daughter,I was not patient(耐心的).I felt sad and tears began to fall.I quietly went to Bettys bed,“Wake up,my dear,”I said,“Are these flowers you picked for me?”She smiled,

27、“I found them by the tree.I knew youd like them,especially the blue.”I said,“I am so sorry that I treated(對待) you that way today.”And she whispered(悄聲說),“Mommy,thats okayI still love you anyway.”I kissed her and said,“I love you too and I do love the flowers.”That day Betty gave me a lesson on how t

28、o get along with each other in the family.I spent much time on work before and didnt realize how important family life was.I decided to do better in the future.題型1題型21.The writer to a stranger when she ran into him.2.When the writer nearly knocked Betty down,she at her.3.The writers told her Betty h

29、ad picked those flowers for her.4.The writer felt sad and began to cry because .5.The writer decided to . 答案解析解析關閉1.由第一段第二句可知。2.由第二段倒數(shù)第二句可知。3.由第三段第一句可知。4.由第四段可知。5.由最后一段最后一句可知。 答案解析關閉1.said sorry2.shouted angrily3.husband4.she didnt treat Betty wellOr:she was not patient(with Betty)Or:she was rude(to

30、 Betty)5.do better in the future題型1題型2方法突破 做此類閱讀題時,要注意:(1)在充分閱讀并理解全文的基礎上,注意題目中的重點單詞或句型出現(xiàn)在短文中的位置,弄清句子是否為短文中該句的同義句或近似句。(2)所設空是否為某個重要短語或句型,同時要注意所填內(nèi)容是否和短文的時態(tài)和人稱一致等。題型1題型21.It gets to travel to all corners of the world. 答案:easier and easier2.An American usually shakes your hand and at the same time. 答案:looks into your eyes3.In Islamic(伊斯蘭) countries,women should wear long . 答案:blouses and skirts4.In Korea,you should when entering a house. 答案:take off your shoes5.,people hold a business meeting over breakfast. 答案:In Britain