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1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-----傾情為你奉上 鏈式輸送機的張緊裝置 摘　要: 介紹了鏈式輸送機通用的3 種張緊裝置, 論述了其性能、結(jié)構(gòu)、特點、適用范圍及設計要點。 關鍵詞: 鏈式輸送機　張緊裝置　性能　結(jié)構(gòu)　設計 鏈式輸送機以鏈條作為承載和牽引構(gòu)件完成物料的輸送工作。鏈條屬于撓性牽引構(gòu)件, 其特點是承載能力強, 承受載荷時伸長量小; 能夠繞過直徑較小的鏈輪、導輪、滑輪及尾輪; 能夠十分方便地在其上固定各種輸送元件。它與另一類撓性牽引構(gòu)件———輸送帶一樣, 都需要有張緊調(diào)節(jié)裝置, 否則輸送機無法正常工作。因此, 張緊裝置是鏈式輸送機不可缺少的重要組成部分。其通常設置在輸送機。 1.張緊裝置的作

2、用 (1) 鏈條裝入輸送機后, 在未被張緊的情況下是松弛的, 無法正常工作, 只有使其獲得一定的預張緊力(即初張力) , 才能使輸送機正常運行。 (2) 通常輸送機的尾輪都是被動輪, 靠與鏈條之間的摩擦力使其旋轉(zhuǎn)。只有通過張緊裝置才能使牽引構(gòu)件與尾輪之間產(chǎn)生足夠大的摩擦力帶動尾輪轉(zhuǎn)動, 這對于光輪面及帶槽光輪面的尾輪尤為重要。 (3) 鏈條節(jié)距因磨損而逐漸變大, 鏈條會逐漸伸長, 張緊裝置可補償由此帶來的伸長量, 保持牽引構(gòu)件的正常工作狀態(tài)。 (4) 牽引構(gòu)件在適當張緊的情況下, 才可減小懸垂度, 減少與殼體之間的摩擦。也有利于鏈條與頭輪的嚙合及脫鏈。 (5) 具有一定自動張緊作用的

3、張緊裝置, 能對牽引構(gòu)件因張力變化而引起的微小伸長或縮短進行隨機的自動調(diào)節(jié), 可起到均載的作用。 (6) 張緊裝置是安裝和拆卸所必須的, 牽引構(gòu)件是在未張緊的情況下裝入輸送機, 裝入后, 可以通過張緊裝置檢查鏈條長度是否合適, 是否需要增減; 拆卸牽引構(gòu)件時, 應將張緊裝置完全放松, 否則拆卸工作將很難進行。 2.張緊裝置的種類、特點及適用范圍 鏈式輸送機的張緊裝置有螺桿式、彈簧螺桿式、重錘小車式、液壓式4 種。其中液壓式很少使用, 本文主要介紹應用較多的前3 種張緊裝置。 2.1　螺桿式張緊裝置 見圖1 , 在尾部2 側(cè)各配備1 對螺桿、螺母,采用T 型螺紋, 人工旋轉(zhuǎn)螺桿實現(xiàn)張緊

4、調(diào)節(jié)。它有2 種運動方式: 一種是螺母固定, 螺桿旋轉(zhuǎn)并前后移動; 另一種是螺桿只旋轉(zhuǎn)不移動, 螺母前后移動實現(xiàn)調(diào)節(jié)功能。按螺桿的受力方向, 第一種方式又有螺桿受壓或受拉2 種形式。目前, 我國鏈式輸送機的螺桿式張緊裝置以螺桿受壓式的居多。螺桿式張緊裝置的優(yōu)點是外形尺寸小, 結(jié)構(gòu)簡單、緊湊, 調(diào)節(jié)比較方便、可靠。缺點是偶爾過載時, 沒有自動調(diào)節(jié)功能; 張緊時尾部2 側(cè)的螺桿需分別進行操作, 較難保持同步運行, 必須在2 側(cè)交替擰動螺桿, 且每次的調(diào)節(jié)量要加以控制方能保證同步。此外, 由于輸送機的牽引構(gòu)件的張力在運行中不是恒定不變的, 隨著鏈條的磨損, 其長度會逐漸伸長, 因此需定期進行檢查和調(diào)

5、整, 若調(diào)節(jié)不當, 可能會出現(xiàn)“過張緊”或“過放松”的現(xiàn)象。盡管如此, 這種形式的張緊裝置仍然得到了比較廣泛的應用。 螺桿式張緊裝置主要適用于輸送距離不長、載荷不大、速度不高、物料溫度為常溫的各種鏈式輸送機。圖1c 所示的螺母移動式用于尾部位置狹小,螺桿移動不便, 調(diào)節(jié)行程較大的情況。圖1a 和b可根據(jù)需要任選, 其中螺桿受拉式的性能優(yōu)于螺桿受壓式的, 因其螺桿頭部伸出在尾部末端之外, 設計中只需加上1 對鏈輪和1 根鏈條, 便可方便地實現(xiàn)同步調(diào)節(jié)(擰動其中1 根螺桿, 2 側(cè)螺桿可同時移動, 保證同步) 。通常, 選用螺桿受拉式較多。 2.2　彈簧螺桿式張緊裝置 在圖1a 所示

6、的螺桿受壓式張緊裝置中加入1個壓縮彈簧, 便構(gòu)成了彈簧螺桿式張緊裝置(見圖2) 。 壓縮彈簧應在尾輪軸承座與螺桿之間, 即螺桿不直接與軸承座連接, 而是在中間加進1 個彈簧。擰動螺桿時, 通過彈簧將作用力傳到尾輪軸承座上帶動尾輪移動。在此, 螺桿是粗調(diào), 彈簧是微調(diào)整, 固定螺母的位置和作用與螺桿式張緊裝置相同。因受結(jié)構(gòu)限制, 其他形式的螺桿式張緊裝置不能設計成彈簧螺桿式。 彈簧螺桿式張緊裝置的優(yōu)點是可實現(xiàn)一定范圍內(nèi)的微調(diào), 由于彈簧的彈性, 在牽引構(gòu)件的張力發(fā)生變化時, 彈簧或拉伸、或壓縮, 可使牽引構(gòu)件始終處在一種合理的張緊狀態(tài), 這一功能是螺桿式張緊裝置無法實現(xiàn)的。在鏈式輸送機的

7、運行中, 受載荷不均等各種條件的影響, 牽引構(gòu)件的張力發(fā)生一定變化的情況經(jīng)常發(fā)生, 與螺桿式相比, 彈簧螺桿式張緊裝置更能適應輸送機的這種工作狀態(tài), 因而更加合理。其缺點是結(jié)構(gòu)較復雜, 彈簧的選擇必須合理, 剛性太大或太小均不能起到應有的作用; 由于加入了1 個較大的彈簧, 會使尾部長度增加, 重量也隨之加大。 這種形式的張緊裝置主要適用于輸送距離較長、載荷較大、速度中速以上、物料溫度高于常溫的場合。工作中牽引構(gòu)件的張力會隨著工況改變或偶然因素發(fā)生一些變化, 需要張緊裝置對此作出隨機反應, 張力增加時, 彈簧略壓縮, 使行程減小;張力減少時, 彈簧略伸長, 使行程加大, 以確保鏈條與尾輪之間

8、始終有足夠大的摩擦力, 保證輸送機的正常工作。彈簧螺桿式張緊裝置能較好地實現(xiàn)這種功能, 而單純螺桿式則無法滿足這一要求。使用螺桿式張緊裝置的地方均可用彈簧螺桿式張緊裝置來取代, 但反之則不行, 這一點在設計和應用中要注意。 這種張緊裝置的最大好處是變剛性張緊為柔性張緊, 它能保證張力的恒定, 可自動補償由于溫度變化、鏈條的伸長及鏈條磨損帶來的牽引構(gòu)件長度的變化, 同時還能在偶然過載時降低鏈條的尖峰負荷值。其操作簡單, 只要調(diào)整好重錘的重量, 便幾乎不需人工操作, 省去了上面2 種張緊裝置需經(jīng)常要人工調(diào)節(jié)的麻煩。缺點是機構(gòu)較龐大, 結(jié)構(gòu)較復雜, 2 側(cè)需設軌道, 占據(jù)的空間較大。小車重錘式張緊

9、裝置主要應用于輸送距離長、載荷大、鏈速高、張緊行程較大、引起牽引構(gòu)件張力變化的因素較多的情況, 特別適用于輸送溫度較高的物料。由于物料溫度高、變化大, 鏈條受熱脹冷縮的影響, 長度的改變量較大且無規(guī)律, 張緊裝置必須具有自動張緊和放松的功能才能適應這種要求。若尾部可設置在地坑里, 應選用圖3b 所示的地下式; 反之則選用圖3a 所示的地上式, 但要比前者多用1 個(有時是2 個) 改向輪。與前2 種張緊裝置相比, 雖然這種形式的優(yōu)點更多, 但因其結(jié)構(gòu)較復雜, 造價高, 占地大, 故使用相對較少。 3.張緊行程的合理使用 在安裝調(diào)試和使用中, 要注意張緊行程的合理使用問題, 否則, 張緊行程

10、可能不夠用。安裝時, 應先將螺桿旋出, 讓尾輪處在張緊行程的起始端, 然后裝入牽引構(gòu)件, 鏈條全部裝入后, 調(diào)節(jié)張緊裝置, 使鏈條適度張緊并獲得初張力, 輸送機可以正常工作, 此時檢查張緊行程的使用量, 應使已使用的行程不大于全部行程的一半,可用公式表示為：S1 ≤S/ 2 式中　S1 ……首次張緊已使用的行程量,mm S ……張緊行程總值, mm 這樣才能保證在今后的工作中, 有足夠的張緊量可用。如果首次張緊時使用的行程量超過了上述規(guī)定, 則應重新恢復到原始狀態(tài), 將鏈條卸下1 節(jié)(模鍛和雙板鏈) 或1 對(套筒滾子鏈) , 再進行安裝調(diào)整, 便可達到要求。 4.小車重錘式張緊裝

11、置設計要求 以上介紹的設計要點都是針對螺桿式或彈簧螺桿式張緊裝置而言的, 小車重錘式張緊裝置的設計與之有較大的區(qū)別, 其主要要求是: (1) 盡量或優(yōu)先選用地上式。 (2) 張緊行程要加大, 一般可比表1 所列數(shù)值大2～3 倍, 如t = 200 mm 時, S = 315 mm , 而對于小車重錘式, S 應為630～945 mm , 可取S = 800mm。 (3) 小車運行的導軌可采用輕軌, 其長度應保證尾部在導軌上可運行的距離大于S 。 (4) 重錘離地不要太高, 在500～1 000 mm 之間為宜, 以確保安全。如重錘位于人行通道中, 應考慮安全措施。 (5) 重錘的重

12、量及數(shù)量根據(jù)計算確定, 單個重錘可按100 kg、50 kg、25 kg 3 種規(guī)格制造, 要求外形一致, 長、寬(或直徑) 相同, 僅厚度不同, 使安裝和拆卸方便。 (6) 若必須采用地下式, 則應在地坑內(nèi)考慮通風降溫、防水防塵、照明及排水等措施, 并應留出清理和檢修空間。 (7) 張緊行程合理利用的要求及調(diào)整方法與前述相同。 參　考　文　獻 (1) 劉光第. 鏈式輸送機的設計問題. 化工起重運輸設計,1992 (2) 石國祥, 余汪洋. 刮板與埋刮板輸送機. 北京: 機械工業(yè)出版社, 1991 (3) 運輸機械設計選用手冊編委會. 運輸機械設計選用手冊. 北京: 化學工業(yè)出版社

13、, 1999 (4) 王鷹. 連續(xù)輸送機械設計手冊. 北京: 中國鐵道出版社, 2001 Tensioning device of Chain conveyor Abstract : This paper presents the performance , structure , features , application and design of three common types of chain conveyor tensioning devices. Key word

14、s : Chain conveyor 　Tensioning device 　Performance 　Structure 　Design The chain type transports the machine with the chain a conduct and actions loading with lead the organization completes the material of transport the work.The chain belongs to the gentle lead organization , its characteristics

15、is to loads the ability strong, bear to negative heavy the hour the amount of elongation small; can round the diameter smaller chain round, lead round, pulley and tail round; can is above it to fix very and expediently every kind of transport a piece.It leads with another gentle lead the organizatio

16、n and belt conveyer is similar, all needing to bring to the stretch to regulate the device, transporting otherwise machine can't normal work. therefore, bring to the stretch the device is a chain type to transport the indispensable importance in machine constitutes the part. its usually establishes

17、at transport the machine. 1.The function tensioning device (1)The chain packs in to transport the machine empress, ising flabby under the situation of diding not is brought to the stretch, can't normal work, only make its winning prepared to bring to the stretch the dint( namely early tension) cer

18、tainly, then can make transport the normal movement in machine. (2)Usually transport the tail a friction for is all passive round, depending with chain an of the machine make its revolve.Only passing to bring to the stretch device then can make lead a friction for ising enough and big with tail a c

19、reation arouses the tail rotates to move, this for light an and take the tail round of the slot light an is particularly for importance. (3) the chain a stanza is apart from to become gradually big because of wear and tear, the chain an elongation for would gradually elongation, bringing to the str

20、etch device can compensating from here bringing measures, the keeping leads the normal work appearance organization. (4) lead a circumstance for bringing to the stretch in the adequacy next, can just let up a friction for, reducing and hull.Also benefit to the chain and first runner match and take

21、off the chain. (5) have to bring to the stretch certainly and automatically the function bring to the stretch the device, can to lead a small elongation for changing because of the tension but causing or shorten the proceeding the random regulating automatically, can rise all the function that carr

22、y. (6) bring to the stretch device is installs with dismantle to unload must of, lead of organization pack in to transport the machine under the situation of diding not bring to the stretch, after packing into, can pass to bring to the stretch the device check chain a length whether accommodation,

23、whether need to be increased or decrease; dismantle to unload to lead of organization , should will bring to the stretch the device to relax completely, dismantle to unload otherwise work will very difficult proceeding. 2.Bring to the stretch the category, characteristics of the device and apply th

24、e scope The chain type transports the machine brings to the stretch device contain 4 kinds of small car in type, heavy head in pole spiral type, spring coil in pole spiral type, liquid press type. Among them liquid press type few usage, the main introduction in this text applies the more front the

25、3 kinds of bringing to the stretch the device. 2.1 Spiral pole types bring to the stretch the device Look the figure 1, in the tail department 2 sides are each to provide with a rightness of spiral pole, adopting the T type thread, the artificial revolves the pole of spiral realizes to bring to t

26、he stretch to regulate. It has 2 kinds of sport method: A kind of is blt to fix, the pole of spiral revolves and move in front and back; another a kind of is the spiral pole revolve to do not move, the bolt moves to realize to regulate the function in front and back .Press the pole of spiral to suf

27、fer the dint direction, the first method again contain the pole of spiral suffer to press or suffer to pull 2 kinds of forms. Current, in our country chain type transports the spiral pole type of the machine brings to the stretch the device to suffer the press type with the pole of spiral mostly. Th

28、e spiral pole type brings to the stretch the advantage of the device is a shape size small, the construction is simple, tightly packed, regulate the comparison convenience, dependable .The weakness is occasionally over carry, have no the auto regulate the function; bring to the stretch tail departme

29、nt two lateral the pole of spirals need to proceed the operation respectively, difficult keep synchronous movement, must at two alternative turn to move in sides move the pole of spiral , and regulate each time the deal wants to take into the control then can guarantee synchronously. In addition, be

30、cause of transporting the machine leads a the piece of organzation the tension is not a stability to settle in movement constant, along with chain a phenomenon for of wear and tear, its length would gradually elongation, therefore needing periodically proceeding check with adjusting, if regulating n

31、ot appropriately, may appearing" over bringing to the stretch" or" over relaxing". For all that, this kind of form brought to the stretch the device to still get the extensive application. Figure 1 the Spiral pole type brings to the stretch the device ( a) the pole of Spiral is suffered by press

32、 type( b) the pole of spiral the pull type( c) spiral bolt moves the type The spiral pole type brings to the stretch the device to be applicable to transport the distance primarily not long, carry not very, the speed is not high, the material temperature transports the machine for every kind of cha

33、in type of the normal temperature .The figure a spiral for showing mother moves the type used for the tail part places narrow and small, the spiral pole moves the inconvenience, regulating the bigger circumstance in route of travel .The better than the pole of spiral in a function for with b can acc

34、ording to needing first a term choosing, among them the pole of spiral suffers the pull type in figure suffers the press type of, stretch out because of its spiral pole head in tail a bitter end outside, design needs to plus a rightness of chains round with 1 chain, can realizes expediently to regul

35、ate synchronously then.( the moves a spiral pole, two side spiral poles can move at the same time, guaranteeing synchronous)Usually, choose to suffer the pull type with the pole of spiral more. 2.2 spring coil Spiral pole types bring to the stretch the device Join 1 compression spring coil in figu

36、re a the pole of spiral for showing suffer press type brought to the stretch device, constituted then the spring coil spiral pole type bring to the stretch the device.( see the figure 2) Figure 2 spring coil spiral pole types bring to the stretch the device Compressing the spring coil should acc

37、ept in the tail axle and spiral pole, namely the pole of spiral is not direct with the bearings link, but add into 1 spring coil betwixt. When move the pole of spiral , pass the spring coil spread the function dint to tail axle to accept ascends to arouse an ambulation. Here, the pole of spiral is a

38、 position that adjust, the spring coil is a tiny adjustment, fixing the mother of spiral similar to the function brings to the stretch with spiral pole type the device. Because suffer the construction restrict, the spiral pole type of the other form brings to the stretch, the device can't design spr

39、ing coil spiral pole type. The spring coil spiralpole type brings to the stretch the advantage of the device is realize certain scope inside of tiny adjust, because of the flexibility of the spring coil, while leading a the piece of organization tension occurrence variety, spring coil or pull to st

40、retch, or compress, can make lead the piece of organization is placed in always a kind of bringing to the stretch the appearance reasonablely, this function is a spiral pole type to bring to the stretch the device can't realize of.In chain type transport the movement of the machine, suffer carry not

41、 on an equal footing every kind of conditional influence, lead a the piece of organization the tension takes place the certain variety of the circumstance usually takes place, comparing with spiral pole type, the spring coil spiral pole type brings to the stretch the device can also adapt to this ki

42、nd of work appearance that transport the machine, as a result more reasonable.Its weakness is function that choice that construction than complicacy, the spring coil must be reasonable, rigid too big or too small all can't rise to should have; because of joining 1 bigger spring coil, will make tail

43、minister degree increased, weight too immediately enlargement. This kind of form brings to the stretch the device to be applicable to transport the distance primarily longer,the carry bigger, the speed inside is above soon, material temperature higher than the situation of the normal temperature.Th

44、e work leads inside the tension of the piece of organization will change along with the work situation or the accidental factor takes place the some changes, needing to bring to the stretch the device to make to this to respond with the machine, tension increment, the spring coil compresses slightly

45、, making route of travel let up; the tension reduces, spring coil slightly elongation, make route of travel enlargement, to insure chain and tail an always contain enough and big friction, guaranteeing transport the machine normal work.The spring coil spiral pole type brings to the stretch device ca

46、n than realizes goodly this kind of function, but the pure spiral pole type then can't satisfy this a request.The usage spiral pole type bring to the stretch the place of the device to all can use the spring coil spiral pole type brings to the stretch the device replace, but whereas then not line, t

47、his point notices in design with application. 2.3 heavy the type of iron ball in small cars The heavy the type ofiron ball in small car brings to the stretch the device is to will transport the machine tail a small car for of tail axle department installing at one having four wheels last,two per s

48、ide wheel with 1 orbit, wheel can on the orbit glide, steel wire rope department is on the small car, then rounded the pulley, another on carrying to hang the heavy iron ball, pass the weight auto of the heavy iron ball bring to the stretch the tail round.( see the figure 3)Should bring to the stret

49、ch device contain two kinds of forms: A kind of is a ground of last types, having two pulleys, the heavy iron ball arrange on the ground; another a kind of is an underground type, only 1 pulley, heavy ball is in the underground.The heavy ball should make into some pieces, each weight is not proper o

50、ver big, in order to in increase or decrease according to the tensile variety. Figure 3 heavy the type of ball in small carses bring to the stretch the device (a) upground type (b) underground type This kind of bring to the stretch elongation to become the rigid bringing to the stretch for gen

51、tle bring to the stretch, it can guarantee tensile settle, can compensate automatically because temperature variety, chain and chains wear away to bring the biggest advantage of the device leads the variety of the part, at the same time can still at fortuity over carry lower the peak load value of t

52、he chain.Its operation is simple, only adjusting the weight of the very heavy ball, doing not need then and almost the artificial operate, the province went to the top 2 kinds of bring to the stretch the device usually need the trouble that important person work regulate.The weakness is a space that

53、 organization is more huge, construction than complicacy,2 sides need to establish the orbit, occupying bigger.The heavy the type of ball in small car brings to the stretch the device to apply primarily in transport the distance long, carry is big, the chain is soon high and bring to the stretch the

54、 route of travel bigger, cause the more circumstance in factor that lead the organization a tension variety, be applicable to transport the higher material in temperature specially.Because the material temperature is high, the variety is big, chain an influence for suffering cold contract in hot bul

55、ge, the changes deal of the length is bigger and have no regulation, bringing to the stretch the device must have the auto bring to the stretch to then can adapt to this kind of request with the loose function. If tail an underground type for can establishing in a pit, should choosing with the figur

56、e 3 s showing; whereas then choose to use the figure a last type, but compare the former use the one more( sometimes is 2) changing face round .With ex-2 kinds of bring to the stretch the device compare, although the advantage of this kind of form is more, because of its construction than complicacy

57、, build the price high, cover big, opposite less in past usage. 3. Bring to the stretch the reasonable usage of the route of travel In gearing adjust try with usage, to notice the reasonable usage problem that bring to the stretch the route of travel, otherwise, bring to the stretch the route of t

58、ravel may be not enough to use. While installing, should out the spiral pole turn to move first, let tail a start for being placed in bringing to the stretch route of travel carried, then pack in to lead an amount of usage for, chain all after packing into, regulating to bring to the stretch the dev

59、ice, making first chain within limit bringing to the stretch and acquiring the early tension, transporting machine can then normal work, this timely the check brings to the stretch the route of travel, should make already the route of travel that use not very in half of all route of travels, can mea

60、n with the formula for:S1 ≤ S/2 The type inside S1 …… brings to the stretch for the very first time already the route of travel that use measures, mm The S …… brings to the stretch the route of travel total, mm Then can guarantee like this in from now on of work, have to bring to the stretch eno

61、ughly the deal can use .If bring to the stretch for the very first time the route of travel of the usage measures to exceed the above provision, then at the request of resume the primitive appearance, unload the chain 1 section( mold with a plank chain) or a rightness( a roller rolls the son chain)

62、 of, then the proceeding installs the adjustment, can attain then. 4.The heavy the type of ball in small car brings to the stretch the device design request The above introductive design important point all aims at spiral pole type or spring coil spiral pole types brings to the stretch the device

63、but speech of, the heavy the type of spiral in small car brings to the stretch the design of the device has with it the bigger differentiation, its main request is: (1) To the best or have the initiative to choose to use a last type. (2) Bring to the stretch the route of travel want the enlargemen

64、t, generally can more 1 than table row number is big 2 - 3 times, such as t=200 mms, S=315 mms, but for heavy the type of ball in small car, S should for 630 the 945 mms of -s, commendable S=800 mms. (3) The small car circulates of lead the orbit can adopt the light orbit , its length should guaran

65、tee the over and above S in a distance for at leading the top of orbit can movement in tail. (4) The heavy ball leaves the ground do not want to be too high, at 500 ～s 1s is proper, toing insure the safety .Locate the person a passage inside such as the heavy ball, should consider the safe measure.

66、 (5) Weight and quantities of the heavy ball is certain according to the calculation, a heavy ball can by the 100 kg, a 3 kinds of specifications makes, requesting shape consistence, long, the breadth( or diameter) is same alike, only the thickness is different, making install with dismantle to unload the convenience. (6) If must adopt the underground type, then should consider in a pit the airiness reduce the heat, waterproof dust palliative, illuminate and drain to wait the measure, and shou