《高中英語第2輪復(fù)習(xí) 專題1 第7課時(shí) 時(shí)態(tài)與語態(tài)課件》由會(huì)員分享，可在線閱讀，更多相關(guān)《高中英語第2輪復(fù)習(xí) 專題1 第7課時(shí) 時(shí)態(tài)與語態(tài)課件（58頁珍藏版）》請(qǐng)?jiān)谘b配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。

1、單項(xiàng)填空單項(xiàng)填空一一 1. All visitors to this village _ with kindness. (2011四川卷) A. treat B. are treated C. are treating D. had been treated B考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。treat與visitors之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，排除A、C項(xiàng)；又因?yàn)榫渥又袥]有明確的過去時(shí)間點(diǎn)，所以不能用過去完成時(shí)，排除D項(xiàng)；故選B項(xiàng)，表示一般情況。 思路點(diǎn)撥思路點(diǎn)撥 2. What a mistake! Yes. I _ his doing it another way, but without s

2、uccess. (2011四川卷) A. was suggesting B. will suggest C. would suggest D. had suggested D考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。由語境可知因?yàn)闆]有采納我的建議，現(xiàn)在他出了錯(cuò)。事情已經(jīng)發(fā)生，是過去，我的建議應(yīng)該是在他做這件事之前，即過去的過去，所以應(yīng)該用過去完成時(shí)。思路點(diǎn)撥思路點(diǎn)撥 3. That piece of music sounds quite familiar. Who _ the piano upstairs? (2011重慶卷) A. has played B. played C. plays D. is playing

3、 D考查時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)語境，“這首曲子聽起來很熟悉”，說明這首鋼琴曲正在被彈奏。思路點(diǎn)撥思路點(diǎn)撥 英語中，動(dòng)詞有十六種時(shí)態(tài)，而一般要求考生掌握十種時(shí)態(tài)，它們是：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過去時(shí)、一般將來時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)、過去將來時(shí)、將來進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、過去完成時(shí)以及現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài) 【考點(diǎn)1】一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) Planning so far ahead _ no sense so many things will have changed by next year. (2011全國新課標(biāo)卷) A. made B. is making C. makes D. has made

4、C句意：提前計(jì)劃沒有意義，明年很多事情將會(huì)發(fā)生變化。此項(xiàng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表明這一客觀事實(shí)。選項(xiàng)A一般過去時(shí)，選項(xiàng)B現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，選項(xiàng)D現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)都與接下來的一句語境不符。 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性或不依時(shí)間的變化而發(fā)生變化的動(dòng)作。時(shí)刻表上安排的將要進(jìn)行的事情也可用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示。 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，或現(xiàn)階段一直進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。非持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞(如： go, come, leave, die 等)的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。 (1)在以when, until (till), as soon as, by the time, after, before等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句或以if, un

5、less, once等引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句以及由no matter when, however, even if等引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中，如果主句中的動(dòng)詞用一般將來時(shí)，從句中的動(dòng)詞通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來時(shí)。 (2)always, often, constantly, frequently, forever等副詞和現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)連用，表達(dá)說話人的某種感情，即“贊揚(yáng)”或“厭惡”等，可譯為“老是、總是”。 (3)某些動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)可表示計(jì)劃或安排好了的將來動(dòng)作。常見的這類動(dòng)詞有： go, come, leave, arrive, start, take off等。 (4)狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，但b

6、eing 動(dòng)態(tài)形容詞， 有時(shí)可表示在某一特定時(shí)刻人們的活動(dòng)和行為。 I am just being curious. Mary is being modest now. 【考點(diǎn)2】現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí) It is the most instructive lecture that I _ since I came to this school. (2011湖南卷) A. attended B. had attended C. am attending D. have attended D句意：自從我來了學(xué)校以后，這是我聽過的最有教育意義的一場(chǎng)講座。這里考查了定語從句和時(shí)態(tài)兩個(gè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)。因?yàn)榍懊?/p>

7、的謂語動(dòng)詞是is，并且談?wù)摰氖菑倪^去開始持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的一段時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，所以用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)過去發(fā)生的事情一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的情況，或者過去發(fā)生的事情對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響或結(jié)果。屬于現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)的范疇。表示延續(xù)性的動(dòng)作時(shí)常用“since時(shí)間點(diǎn)/for時(shí)間段”作狀語；而表示非持續(xù)性的動(dòng)作時(shí)常用副詞already, yet, ever, just, never等作狀語。 一般過去時(shí)表示在過去時(shí)間里已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，常與過去時(shí)間狀語yesterday, last week, in 2003, three days ago等連用。 相同點(diǎn)：都表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去。 不同點(diǎn)：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)；一般過

8、去時(shí)表示與現(xiàn)在無關(guān)。 (1)比較、區(qū)別have gone to(去了)與have been to(去過)的不同用法。 (2)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)一般不與具體的過去時(shí)間狀語或when連用。 (3)短暫性動(dòng)詞的完成時(shí)一般不與段時(shí)間狀語連用。 (4)在It / This / That is the first / second time (that) 結(jié)構(gòu)中， that引導(dǎo)的從句常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；如果It/This/That was the first/secondtime則用過去完成時(shí)?！究键c(diǎn)3】過去進(jìn)行時(shí)與一般過去時(shí) That must have been a long trip. Yeah, it _ u

9、s a whole week to get there. (2011北京卷) A. takes B. has taken C. took D. was taking C根據(jù)上句must have been可知trip發(fā)生在過去，因此第二句選用一般過去時(shí)took。句意：那一定是一個(gè)長久的旅行。是啊，我們花了一整周才到達(dá)那兒。 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示在過去某一時(shí)刻或過去某一段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，常與時(shí)間狀語this time last year, that time, last night或由when, while, as 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句等連用。 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)與副詞always, constantly,

10、 continually, forever等連用時(shí)表示贊美或討厭的感情色彩。【考點(diǎn)4】過去完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí) By the time Jack returned home from England, his son _ from college. (2011遼寧卷)A. graduated B. has graduatedC. had been graduating D. had graduated D從句動(dòng)作是過去時(shí)，主句動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去的過去，因此用過去完成時(shí)。 過去完成時(shí)表示過去某時(shí)間或某動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情或存在的狀態(tài)，即：過去的過去。持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的過去式常與since時(shí)間點(diǎn)、for時(shí)間

11、段、when/before過去時(shí)的從句、by/before過去時(shí)間等狀語連用。 (1)動(dòng)詞expect, hope, suppose, think, want等的過去完成時(shí)表示過去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的希望、計(jì)劃或打算等。 (2)過去完成時(shí)用于某些特殊結(jié)構(gòu) It / This / That was the first / second time (that)過去完成時(shí) It was段時(shí)間since過去完成時(shí) no sooner than 或hardly when 的主句謂語要用過去完成時(shí) 含“by過去時(shí)間點(diǎn)”或“by the time一般過去時(shí)”的句子常用過去完成時(shí) 【考點(diǎn)5】現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)

12、You look so tired, what have you been doing? We have been discussing the problem but we _ a conclusion yet. A. havent drawn B. have been drawing C. didnt draw D. werent drawing A根據(jù)前后語境可知，到目前為止我們還沒有達(dá)成結(jié)論，盡管我們到現(xiàn)在為止一直在討論問題。yet一般與完成時(shí)連用。 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)由“have/has been現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成，表示從過去某個(gè)時(shí)候開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示動(dòng)作已完成。 【考

13、點(diǎn)6】一般將來時(shí)與將來進(jìn)行時(shí) Ring me at six tomorrow morning, will you? Why that early? I _. (2011杭州二中高三仿真卷) A. will be sleeping B. have slept C. have been sleeping D. will sleep A將來進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來的某個(gè)時(shí)間某人正在做某事。 一般將來時(shí)表示將來某個(gè)時(shí)間要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，或在現(xiàn)在看來即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與時(shí)間狀語tomorrow, next week, in a few days等連用。 將來進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來某時(shí)間正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，

14、或?qū)砟硶r(shí)間可能會(huì)發(fā)生的事情。 一般將來時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)打算、計(jì)劃、安排，而將來進(jìn)行時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀的可能性或主觀的決心、意志。 will / shall與be going to的區(qū)別： be going to可用于條件狀語從句表示將來，而shall / will一般不可。 跡象表明要發(fā)生某事，只用be going to。 若強(qiáng)調(diào)某個(gè)意圖是經(jīng)過事先考慮好的，用be going to；說話時(shí)的臨時(shí)決定，則用will / shall。 1. 雙賓語動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài) She was _ the bike for 25 dollars，but she wouldnt take it. A. provided B. su

15、pplied C. offered D. gave動(dòng)詞的語態(tài) 【考點(diǎn)1】兩種特殊的被動(dòng)語態(tài) Coffer 作“出價(jià)，開價(jià)”講，常有offer sb. money for sth.和offer sb. sth. for money兩種搭配。此處是將后者用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)中。 英語中有些動(dòng)詞可以有兩個(gè)賓語，如： give, buy, bring, show, pass, offer, lend, leave, tell, write, sing, teach等，這些動(dòng)詞用于被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，可以將其中任何一個(gè)賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，而另一個(gè)賓語仍保留在謂語后面。如： He bought me many books. I

16、 was bought many books. 或 Many books were bought for me.2. 短語動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài) Why does Lingling look so unhappy? She _ by her classmates. A. has laughed B. has laughed at C. has been laughed D. has been laughed at【考點(diǎn)1】兩種特殊的被動(dòng)語態(tài) D由by短語可知該用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，即可排除A、B。laugh是不及物動(dòng)詞，沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)，而laugh at才是及物動(dòng)詞短語，可用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。 短語動(dòng)詞是由“動(dòng)詞介詞”，

17、 “動(dòng)詞名詞介詞”等結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)成的動(dòng)詞短語，在被動(dòng)語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)中，不能漏掉其后的介詞。 Shall we go fishing tomorrow? Sounds great, but with so much homework _， I really cant afford the time. A. done B. to do C. being done D. doing【考點(diǎn)2】主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)的若干情形 B“with賓語不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中的不定式表示將來，且常用主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)。 1. 系動(dòng)詞(如look, sound, smell, feel, taste, prove等)要用主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)。 2. 英語中有些動(dòng)詞

18、如： open, close, shut, lock, move, read, wash, clean, cook, cut, wear, carry等，當(dāng)主語是物，且又表示主語的特征和狀態(tài)時(shí)，要用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)含義。 3. 不定式to blame用作表語，通常用主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)。 4. “主語be形容詞to do”結(jié)構(gòu)中的不定式通常要用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。這類形容詞常見的有： convenient, comfortable, dangerous, difficult, hard, easy, impossible, interesting, nice, pleasant, safe, tough

19、, tricky, unpleasant等。 5. 不定式用于某些動(dòng)詞(如： have, get, want, need等)的賓語后作定語時(shí)，如果不定式的邏輯主語是句子的主語，通常用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。 若不定式的邏輯主語不是句子的主語，則應(yīng)用被動(dòng)式。 6. 在“with賓語不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式表示將來的動(dòng)作，且其邏輯主語是句子的主語，該不定式常用主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)。 7. be worth后的動(dòng)名詞要用主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)。 be worthy卻不一樣，其后常接不定式的被動(dòng)式或of動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)式。 8. 表示“需要”的動(dòng)詞need, want, require或動(dòng)詞deserve(“應(yīng)受，應(yīng)得，值得”)后

20、的動(dòng)名詞用主動(dòng)式表被動(dòng)意義。但這些動(dòng)詞后的動(dòng)名詞若改為不定式則要用被動(dòng)式表被動(dòng)。Great changes _ in the city and a lot of factories _.A. have been taken place; have been set upB. have taken place; have been set upC. are taken place; are set upD. were taken place; were set up【考點(diǎn)3】不及物動(dòng)詞和有些及物動(dòng)詞(短語)無被動(dòng)語態(tài) Btake place 為不及物動(dòng)詞短語，一般不用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，即可排除A、C、D

21、。 常見的沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)的動(dòng)詞(短語)有： occur, take place, happen, break out, belong to, appear, disappear, cost, last, agree with等。 If they win the final tonight, the team are going to tour around the city _ by their enthusiastic supporters. (2011浙江卷) A. being cheered B. be cheered C. to be cheered D. were cheered【考點(diǎn)

22、4】作狀語的動(dòng)詞被動(dòng)語態(tài) C考查知識(shí)點(diǎn)為非謂語動(dòng)詞，因此首先排除B和D(前面已經(jīng)有are going to tour，又沒有連詞，不可能出現(xiàn)兩個(gè)獨(dú)立謂語。)A和C都表示被動(dòng)，區(qū)別在于動(dòng)名詞being done表示抽象、經(jīng)常性、已發(fā)生的，而動(dòng)詞不定式to be done表示具體、一次性、將發(fā)生的。根據(jù)整個(gè)句子(條件狀語從句，而且還是虛擬語氣)，這里用to be done表目的。句意：如果他們今晚贏得了決賽，整隊(duì)將在熱情的粉絲歡呼下周游這個(gè)城市。 The Town Hall _ in the 1800s was the most distinguished building at that tim

23、e. A. completing B. completed C. having been completed D. to have been completed【考點(diǎn)5】作后置定語的動(dòng)詞被動(dòng)語態(tài) Bcompleted作后置定語修飾the Town Hall, 表被動(dòng)且已完成。相當(dāng)于定語從句which/ that was completed。選C錯(cuò)誤，因?yàn)楝F(xiàn)在分詞完成時(shí)不能作限定性后置定語。 They got _ after returning from the big party last week. A. separate B. separating C. separated D. to s

24、eparate【考點(diǎn)6】“get/become 及其他系動(dòng)詞過去分詞”表示被動(dòng)，構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)。 C“get 過去分詞”為固定系表結(jié)構(gòu)。get separated (分離)。類似結(jié)構(gòu)還有g(shù)et dressed“穿著”， get married“結(jié)婚”， get changed “換衣服”。 _ to achieve high grades in the final examination, he tried to study harder and harder. A. Being determining B. Determined C. To determine D. Determine 【考點(diǎn)

25、7】形式被動(dòng)意義表主動(dòng)的短語一般都由be v.ed介詞或少量的不定式組成，如be faced with(面臨)，be determined to do(下決心干)，be caught in(遇上), be devoted to (致力于), be known for(因出名)，be lost in(陷于，埋頭于) 等等。在句中作狀語時(shí)只需去掉be。 Bbe determined to do作狀語時(shí)，be 不要。 it is said/ reported/ believed/ known/ suggested/ considered/ hoped/ thought that The crowd

26、cheered wildly at the sight of Bolt at the Birds Nest, who was reported _ the world record in the running races. A. breaking B. having broken C. to have broken D. to break【考點(diǎn)8】當(dāng)句子的謂語為say, believe, report, expect, think, know, consider, suggest等動(dòng)詞時(shí)，被動(dòng)語態(tài)有兩種形式：1. 謂語動(dòng)詞用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，動(dòng)詞不定式作主補(bǔ)；2. 用it作形式主語，真正主語在后面用主語從句來表示。類似句型有： C表示據(jù)報(bào)道用be reported 不定式。此處用不定式完成時(shí)表動(dòng)作已發(fā)生。此句中的后一分句我們也可以這樣改寫：It was reported that Bolt had broken the world record in the running races.