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1、 第二部分第二部分 專項(xiàng)語法專項(xiàng)語法 高效突破高效突破專項(xiàng)專項(xiàng)1111 動(dòng)詞的語態(tài)動(dòng)詞的語態(tài)高頻考點(diǎn)高頻考點(diǎn)精講精講考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)1 1 動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)1.1.被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成時(shí)態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成例句一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)is / am / are動(dòng)詞的過去分詞The classroom is cleaned every day.教室每天被打掃。一般過去時(shí)was / were動(dòng)詞的過去分詞She was hurt yesterday.他昨天受傷了。一般將來時(shí)will / shallbe動(dòng)詞過去分詞A new church will be built in this town next y

2、ear.明年這個(gè)小鎮(zhèn)將會(huì)新建一座教堂。含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞be動(dòng)詞的過去分詞The work must be finished on time.這項(xiàng)工作必須被按時(shí)完成。2.2.被動(dòng)語態(tài)的用法被動(dòng)語態(tài)的用法(1)不知道動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰。如：The watch is made in China.這塊手表是在中國制造的。(2)沒有必要指出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰。如：More trees must be planted every year。每年必須種更多的樹。(3)需要強(qiáng)調(diào)或突出動(dòng)作的承受者。如：Chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world.

3、世界上越來越多的人說漢語。(4)說話或發(fā)表意見時(shí)，為了顯得客觀公正，常用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。常用句型： It is said that.據(jù)說如：It is said that well have a new manager.據(jù)說我們要有新經(jīng)理了。 It is reported that.據(jù)報(bào)道如：It is reported that a traffic accident took place early this morning.據(jù)報(bào)道今天清晨有車禍發(fā)生。 It is (well) known that.眾所周知如：It is believed that printing was first inve

4、nted by the Chinese.一般相信印刷術(shù)最早是由中國人發(fā)明的?？键c(diǎn)考點(diǎn)2 2 常見主動(dòng)語態(tài)變被動(dòng)語態(tài)的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)常見主動(dòng)語態(tài)變被動(dòng)語態(tài)的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)1.1.含有雙賓語的句子多把間接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，直接賓語不變。含有雙賓語的句子多把間接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，直接賓語不變。 如：如：Jack told us the truth.We were told the truth by Jack.杰克告訴了我們真相。2 2主動(dòng)語態(tài)中有些感官動(dòng)詞主動(dòng)語態(tài)中有些感官動(dòng)詞(如：hear，see，watch，notice等)后用不帶to的不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，要把不定式符號(hào)to還原。即：hear(se

5、e)sb.do sth.sb.be heard(seen)to do sth.。如：We heard the girl play the piano in the music classroom.The girl was heard to play the piano in the music classroom.我們聽見那女孩在音樂教室里彈鋼琴。3 3主動(dòng)語態(tài)中有些使役動(dòng)詞主動(dòng)語態(tài)中有些使役動(dòng)詞(如：make，let，have 等)后用不帶to的不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)要把不定式符號(hào)to還原。即：make sb.do sth.sb.be made to do sth.。如：The

6、teacher makes his students do much homework every day.His students are made to do much homework by the teacher every day.老師讓他的學(xué)生每天做很多家庭作業(yè)。考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)3 3 主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義的情況主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義的情況1.1.動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞openopen，readread，sellsell，writewrite等作不及物動(dòng)詞，且他們的等作不及物動(dòng)詞，且他們的主語為物時(shí)。主語為物時(shí)。如：The pen writes well.這支鋼筆很好用。2 2某些系動(dòng)詞某些系動(dòng)詞(sme

7、ll(smell，looklook，tastetaste，feelfeel，sound)sound)描述某物描述某物特性時(shí)。特性時(shí)。如：This kind of flowers smell sweet.這種花聞起來很香。3 3在在needneed，requirerequire，wantwant，worthworth等后跟動(dòng)名詞，主動(dòng)形式等后跟動(dòng)名詞，主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。表示被動(dòng)意義。如：His bike need mending.他的自行車需要修一下。This movie is worth watching.這部電影值得一看。Your car needs washing.Your car n

8、eeds to be washed.你的汽車該洗了。4 4特殊結(jié)構(gòu)特殊結(jié)構(gòu)“make oneself heard / understood”make oneself heard / understood”和和“have have / get sth.done”/ get sth.done”中。中。如： I had my hair cut yesterday.我昨天理發(fā)了。十年真題十年真題全練全練 近十年來，安徽中考對(duì)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的考查一般是1小題，主要考查形式以單項(xiàng)填空為主，近四年書面表達(dá)每年都出現(xiàn)被動(dòng)語態(tài)。2017年前9年純考語態(tài)，2017年時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)在一起考查。對(duì)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的考查主要有五種：一般

9、現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)、一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)、一般將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)和含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。預(yù)測在2018年安徽英語中考中，單項(xiàng)填空仍然會(huì)有1道題考查被動(dòng)語態(tài)，書面表達(dá)也有可能出現(xiàn)。1.2008安徽，49題When you leave the room，make sure the door_B B_Awas locked Bis lockedCwill be locked Dshould be locked22017安徽，42題Mr.Green A A to sing an English song at the party and he sang well.Awas invi

10、ted BinvitedCis invited Dinvites32016安徽，34題When the baby dog _B B_，it was very hungry.So we gave it some food.Ais found Bwas foundChas been found Dwill be found42012安徽，49題The task _B B_ in an hour.Then we can go home and have a good rest.Awas finished Bwill be finishedChas been finished Dcant be fin

11、ished52011安徽，43題Dont worry.Your package C C ere until you come back，so enjoy shopping here.Awill keep Bhas keptCwill be kept Dhas been kept62010安徽，44題Are you going to the party?No，because I D D Ahave asked Bhavent askedChave been asked Dhavent been asked72013安徽，46題Thanks to the Internet，different ki

12、nds of information A A in a short time.Acan be learned Bhas been learnedCcan learn Dhas learned82009安徽，46題Its difficult for the village children to cross the river for school.I think a bridge D D over the river.Awas built Bis being builtChas been built Dshould be built猜押預(yù)測猜押預(yù)測1Every year，more than 7

13、0，000，000 sharks _ for their fins.Awere killed Bhave killedCare killed Dwill killed2More money _ when we use both sides of paper.Ais saved Bwas savedChas been saved Dwill be saved3Lily，will you go to Jennys birthday party this Saturday?Im not sure.Because I _ so far.Aarent invited Bwasnt invitedChav

14、ent been invited Dwill be invited4With the development of China，Chinese _ by a large number of people in the world now.Awas spoken Bis spokenChave been spoken Dwill be spokenC CD DC C B B5In order to make our city more beautiful，I think more trees and flowers _ every year.Aare planted Bwere plantedCshould be planted Dhave been planted6Chinas 23rd Beidou Satellite _ into space on June 12，2016.As Chinese，we are proud of it.Ahas been sent Bis sentCwill be send Dwas sentC CD D