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1、 課程代碼： 00015 大學(xué)英語自學(xué)教程（下冊(cè)）課程 自 學(xué) 輔 導(dǎo) 材 料 ●配套教材：《大學(xué)英語自學(xué)教程》（下冊(cè)） ●主 編： 高 遠(yuǎn) ●出 版 社： 高等教育 ●適用層次： 本 科 內(nèi)部教學(xué)使用 UNIT ONE 內(nèi)容提要…… ……………………………………………………………………1 重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)…… …………………………………………………………………1 復(fù)習(xí)思考題…… …………………………………………………………………2 UNIT TWO 內(nèi)容提要…… ………………………………………………………

2、………………3 重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)…… ……………………………………………………………………3 復(fù)習(xí)思考題…… ……………………………………………………………………4 UNIT THREE 內(nèi)容提要…… ………………………………………………………………………5 重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)…… ……………………………………………………………………5 復(fù)習(xí)思考題…… ……………………………………………………………………6 UNIT FOUR 內(nèi)容提要…… ………………………………………………………………………7 重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)…… ……………………………………………………………………8 復(fù)習(xí)思考題…… …

3、…………………………………………………………………9 UNIT FIVE 內(nèi)容提要…… ………………………………………………………………………10 重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)…… ……………………………………………………………………11 復(fù)習(xí)思考題…… ……………………………………………………………………12 UNIT SIX 內(nèi)容提要…… ………………………………………………………………………13 重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)…… ……………………………………………………………………13 復(fù)習(xí)思考題…… ……………………………………………………………………14 UNIT SEVEN 內(nèi)容提要…… …………

4、……………………………………………………………15 重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)…… ……………………………………………………………………15 復(fù)習(xí)思考題…… ……………………………………………………………………16 UNIT EIGHT 內(nèi)容提要…… ………………………………………………………………………17 重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)…… ……………………………………………………………………17 復(fù)習(xí)思考題…… ……………………………………………………………………18 UNIT NINE 內(nèi)容提要…… ………………………………………………………………………19 重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)…… ……………………………………

5、………………………………19 復(fù)習(xí)思考題…… ……………………………………………………………………20 UNIT TEN 內(nèi)容提要…… ………………………………………………………………………21 重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)…… ……………………………………………………………………21 復(fù)習(xí)思考題…… ……………………………………………………………………22 UNIT ELEVEN 內(nèi)容提要…… ………………………………………………………………………23 重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)…… ……………………………………………………………………23 復(fù)習(xí)思考題…… …………………………………………………………………

6、…25 UNIT TWELVE 內(nèi)容提要…… ………………………………………………………………………26 重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)…… ……………………………………………………………………26 復(fù)習(xí)思考題…… ……………………………………………………………………27 UNIT THIRTEEN 內(nèi)容提要…… ………………………………………………………………………28 重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)…… ……………………………………………………………………28 復(fù)習(xí)思考題…… ……………………………………………………………………29 UNIT FOURTEEN 內(nèi)容提要…… ……………………………………………

7、…………………………30 重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)…… ……………………………………………………………………30 復(fù)習(xí)思考題…… ……………………………………………………………………32 UNIT FIFTEEN 內(nèi)容提要…… ………………………………………………………………………33 重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)…… ……………………………………………………………………33 復(fù)習(xí)思考題…… ……………………………………………………………………34 TEST PAPER １…… ………………………………………………………………36 TEST PAPER ２…… ……………………………………………………

8、…………46 TEST PAPER ３…… ………………………………………………………………54 TEST PAPER ４…… ………………………………………………………………64 ＫＥＹＳ …… ………………………………………………………………71 Unit One 內(nèi)容提要 Aims Text A Text B Words accomplish predict constraint tendency profitability

9、 interview vague prospect indifference conservative Phrases in the way in part to present …with… to apply for to turn down Structures as long as Grammar As 的用法 重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn) Text A 1. accomplish vt. 完成（任務(wù)等），成就 (1) It was the young workers who accomplished the diff

10、icult task. 正是這些青年工人完成了這項(xiàng)困難的任務(wù)。 (2) During her first year she accomplished a great deal. 她在第一年就取得很大成就。 2. predict vt./vi. 預(yù)言；預(yù)示 (1) It’s too early to predict the result at this stage. 在這個(gè)階段預(yù)測(cè)結(jié)果還太早。 (2) No one can predict when the disease will strike again. 沒人能預(yù)料這種疾病什么時(shí)候會(huì)再爆發(fā)。 3. constraint

11、 n. 強(qiáng)制；強(qiáng)制因素，制約條件 (1) He returned to the school under constraint.他迫不得已又回到學(xué)校。 (2) There are no constraints on your choice of subject for the essay, you can choose whatever subject you like.文章內(nèi)容不拘，你可任選。 4. profitability n. 賺錢，獲利 (1) There is no profitability in doing the business. 做這樣的生意無利可圖。 5

12、. in the way 礙事，妨礙；擋路 (1) He thought he was helping us, but in fact he was only in the way. 他認(rèn)為他在幫我們的忙，但實(shí)際上他只會(huì)妨礙我們的工作。 (2) If you wish to leave, I wouldn’t stand in your way. 如果你想離開，我不會(huì)阻攔你。 6. in part 部分地，在某種程度上 (1) His success was due in part to luck. 他成功的部分原因是運(yùn)氣好。 (2) The house is furnish

13、ed in part. 這個(gè)房子已基本上裝修好了。 Text B 1. to apply for 申請(qǐng) I’m here to apply for a visa. 我來這申請(qǐng)簽證。 2. to turn down 拒絕，調(diào)小 Would you like to turn down the radio？ 你能把收音機(jī)音量調(diào)小些嗎？ 復(fù)習(xí)思考題 Ⅰ. Vocabulary and Structure 1. It may rain; you’d better take an raincoat_______ . A. in case B

14、. in no case C. on case D. in this case [ ] 2. The bed was_______ ready for the night. A. turned on B. turned out C. turned down D. turned away [ ] 3. _______ is essential in the business world. A. Efficiency B. Inefficiency C. Effective D. Eff

15、icient [ ] 4. The question will then be repeated_______ different words. A. with B. in C. on D. by [ ] 5. She wore a heavy coat_______ catch cold. A. so as to B. so as not to C. so that D. as to [ ]

16、 6. Franklin’s ability to learn from observations and experience_______ greatly to his success in public life. A. owed B. contributed C. related D. attached [ ] 7. His words and expression suggested that he_______ satisfied with the answer. A. was B. sh

17、ould C. be D. is [ ] 8. The importance of multiple objectives is also based, _______ , on the values of the decision maker. A. in ahead B. in hand C. in part D. on the part [ ] 9. We made plans for a visit but_______ diffi

18、culties with the car prevented it. A. subordinate B. subsequent C. afterward D. consequent [ ] 10. Decision makers must have some way of determining _______ of several alternatives is best. A. what B. any C. which D. some [ ] Ⅱ.

19、Translation from Chinese into English 1. 雇主希望求職者個(gè)性隨和，工作努力。 2. 如果你事先通知我，我昨天就去機(jī)場(chǎng)接你了。 3. 我的目標(biāo)就是今年十月份通過英語考試。 4. 但是這種簡(jiǎn)化傾向會(huì)使他們對(duì)其他的可供選擇視而不見。 5. 人們通常認(rèn)為決策是一個(gè)孤立的現(xiàn)象。 Unit Two 內(nèi)容提要 Aims Text A Text B Words astronomer exert explode collapse shrink gravi

20、ty launch convincing swallow operate revolve largely glitter unlikely whereas Phrases to research into speculation about to swallow up to make up to apply to above all as a rule by the way Structures could have + 過去分詞 Grammar 定語從句 重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn) Text A 1. exert

21、 發(fā)揮， 產(chǎn)生 2. explode 爆炸，突發(fā) 3. shrink 收縮， 縮小 4. to research into 研究 They are researching into the causes of cancer. 他們正在研究癌癥的病因。 5. to make use of 利用 Make use of every chance you have to speak English. 要充分利用一切機(jī)會(huì)說英語。 Text B 1. revolve vi. 旋轉(zhuǎn)；繞轉(zhuǎn) (1) The mechanism that revolves the

22、turntable is broken. 帶動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)盤旋轉(zhuǎn)的機(jī)械裝置壞了。 (2) The earth revolves round the sun. 地球繞太陽公轉(zhuǎn)。 2. largely ad. 大量地；主要地 (1) The country is largely desert. 這個(gè)國家大半部分都是沙漠。 (2) His success was largely due to luck. 他的成功主要是靠運(yùn)氣。 3. whereas conj. 而，卻；反之 (1) He must be about sixty, whereas his wife looks about

23、 thirty. 他一定有六十歲了，而他的妻子看起來只有30歲。 (2) He is ill, whereas I’m only a little tired. 他生病了，而我只不過稍覺疲憊罷了。 4. convincing a.有說服力的，使人信服的 (1) There is no convincing me that reading was a pleasure. 沒有有力證據(jù)表明他們有罪。 復(fù)習(xí)思考題 Ⅰ. Translation from English into Chinese. Atomic energy is a great discovery of t

24、he 20th century, and many people have played apart in its development. Albert Einstein told the world about its basic idea in his famous theory of relativity in 1905. As he and other scientists began to discover more about the nature of the atom, they learned that great amounts of energy could be re

25、leased by splitting an atom. However, it was also necessary that energy be controlled. If it were not, it would be very dangerous. Now atomic energy is used to move ships and submarines, and it may also prove useful for space ship. In fact, this new source of power has many uses ,either as fuel or a

26、s radiation, that it is almost impossible to imagine all the changes it will bring into our lives. According to some scientists, the world needn’t be afraid of a possible shortage of coal, natural gas or other sources of fuel for future. They say that if these used up, these would be enough of thi

27、s new type of energy to last forever. Unit Three 內(nèi)容提要 Aims Text A Text B Words deteriorate lethal debate prosecute tradition elderly disabled opt shorten prohibition conspiracy privilege unfair bias abolish Phrases to be affected with to make request for

28、 to take…into account to opt out (of) to have…at heart to amount to by nature be worth doing Structures S +demand/insist that 從句 Grammar 一致關(guān)系 重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn) Text A 1. deteriorate v.使惡化，越來越壞 1） The country’s economy has been deteriorating for some time. 這個(gè)國家的經(jīng)濟(jì)惡化已經(jīng)持續(xù)一段時(shí)間了。 2

29、） Leather can deteriorate in damp conditions. 皮革受潮會(huì)變質(zhì)。 2. prosecute v. 對(duì)…起訴，告發(fā) 1）He was prosecuted for exceeding the speed limited. 他因超速行駛而被起訴。 2）They will prosecute him for murder. 他們告發(fā)他謀殺。 3. opt v. 抉擇，選擇 1) Fewer students are opting for science courses nowadays. 現(xiàn)在選擇理科的學(xué)生少了。 2） She

30、 has opted to be the side of the poor. 她決定站在窮人一邊。 4. be affected with 患有…疾病 He is affected with cancer. 5. make request for 要求… He made request for further information from the police. 他要求警方提供更多的信息。 6. take … into account 考慮到 Text B 1.conspiracy n.陰謀，密謀；陰謀集團(tuán)，陰謀幫派 (1)

31、She has been charged with conspiracy to murder. 她被指控密謀謀殺。 (2) I think there was a conspiracy to keep me out of the committee. 我認(rèn)為有個(gè)陰謀集團(tuán)不讓我進(jìn)委員會(huì)。 2. unfair a. 不公平的，不公正的 (1) Do you think we live in a fair society？ 你認(rèn)為我們生活在公平的社會(huì)中嗎？ (2) If some athletes use drugs, it is unfair to the others. 有的

32、運(yùn)動(dòng)員使用興奮劑，其他運(yùn)動(dòng)員就要吃虧。 3. bias n. 偏見；v. 有偏見（against, towards） (1) The government has accused the media of bias. 政府批評(píng)了有偏見的媒體。 (2) He is biased against that plan. 他對(duì)那個(gè)計(jì)劃存有偏見。 4. abolish vt. 廢除(法律，習(xí)慣等)；取消 (1) Should the death penalty be abolished? 應(yīng)該廢除死刑嗎？ (2) I think bullfighting should be abo

33、lished. 我認(rèn)為應(yīng)該廢除斗牛。 5. by nature 生來，天生，就其本性而言 (1) He is intelligent by nature. 他生來聰明。 (2) She’s very cheerful by nature. 她天生是樂天派。 6. be worth doing 值得… (1) There are only two things worth reading in this newspaper—the TV listings and the sports page. 這份報(bào)紙只有兩處值得一讀——電視節(jié)目預(yù)告和體育版。 復(fù)習(xí)思考題 Ⅰ. W

34、ording spelling 1.理事會(huì) n . c______________ 2.注射 n . i______________ 3.縮短 v . s______________ 4.保健 n . h______________ 5.禁止 n . p______________ 6.安樂死 n . e______________ 7.請(qǐng)求

35、 v . r______________ 8.猛烈地 ad . f______________ 9.任命 v . a______________ 10.年長的 a . s______________ 11.易受傷的 a . v______________ 12.創(chuàng)建者 n . f______________ 13.爭(zhēng)論 v . d______________ 14.特權(quán)

36、 n . p______________ 15.傷殘的 a . d______________ 16.削弱 v . w______________ 17.全國性的 a . n______________ 18.家長統(tǒng)治式的 a . p______________ 19.敏感的 a . s______________ 20.功勞,功績(jī) n . m______________

37、 Ⅱ. Word Form 1. He knew there was no hope of _______(recover) and that his condition was rapidly deteriorating. 2. Should doctors_______ (allow) to take the lives of others? 3. Betty fell asleep with the stove fire still_______ (burn). 4. Van Wendel’s last three months of life were filmed and

38、first_______(show) on television last year in the Netherlands. 5. In_______ (add) to this, a second doctor must confirm that theses criteria have been met and the death must be reported to the police department. 6. One hundred and sixty pounds _______ (be) what you should weigh. 7. _______ (affec

39、t) with lung cancer, the old lady became very weak. 8. It is no use _______ (go) there now. It is so late. 9. _______ (absorb) in her work, Mary forget her lunch. 10. Young men should bravely face the _______ (real) and widen their horizon. Unit Four 內(nèi)容提要

40、 Aims Text A Text B Words domestic exploit abuse campaign guilt immigrant concession deport unison ditch deny degrade racist Phrases to bring over be deserving of be supposed to to watch over to call up Structures there 引出的存在句型 Grammar 倒裝句 重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn) Text A

41、 1. exploit v. 開發(fā)，開采，利用，剝削 1）No minerals have yet been exploited in Antarctica. 南極洲的礦藏還未開采。 2）child labor exploited in factories 在工廠中受剝削的童工 3）They exploited her generosity shamelessly. 他們無恥地利用了她的慷慨。 2. abuse v. 濫用，虐待 He abused his position to make money. 他濫用職務(wù)賺錢。 The slaves were often

42、abused, beaten and even killed by their owners. 3. deport v. 驅(qū)逐出境 1) Thousands of illegal immigrants are caught and deported every year. 2) The criminals were deported from England to Australia. 4. bring over 把… 帶來，使轉(zhuǎn)變 1）Next summer he hopes to bring his family over from America. 他希望明年夏天把他一

43、家人從美國接來。 2） What he said brought me over to his opinion. 他說的話使我轉(zhuǎn)而同意他的意見。 5. be deserving of 值得， 應(yīng)得 His efforts are certainly deserving of praise. 他的努力當(dāng)然值得表揚(yáng)。 6. be supposed to 應(yīng)該 Summer is supposed to come in June. 夏天應(yīng)該在6月份到來。 Text B 1. ditch n. 溝；溝渠；v.開渠；筑渠 (1) Ditch

44、es can be used for irrigation and drainage. 溝渠可以用來灌溉和排洪。 (2) a pasture hedged and ditched. 周圍有籬笆和溝渠的牧場(chǎng) 2. deny vt. 否定，否認(rèn)；拒絕接受，拒絕給予 (1) The three defendants deny all charges. 三位被告否認(rèn)全部指控。 (2) No one should be denied a good education. 任何人都有接受良好教育的權(quán)利。 3. degrade vt.降級(jí)，貶低；墮落；退化 (1) I believe

45、 pornography degrades women. 我相信色情作品使婦女墮落。 (2) I felt degraded by having to ask for money. 我出于無奈向別人要錢而自覺有失尊嚴(yán)。 4.racist n. 種族主義者；a.種族主義的；種族歧視的 (1) He is a racist who refuses to employ blacks. 他是拒絕雇傭黑人的種族主義者。 (2) His views on the immigration question can only be described as racist. 他對(duì)移民的觀點(diǎn)只能

46、說是種族歧視。 Ⅱ.phrases and expressions 1.to watch over 看守，照管，監(jiān)視 (1) The shepherd watched over his flock. 牧羊人照管他的羊群。 2.to call up 打電話；使想起，使憶起 (1) Someone called up from Tangshan and asked to see you at 5o’clock this afternoon. 有人從唐山打電話來，要求今天下午五點(diǎn)鐘和你見面。 (2) The sound of happy laughter called up memo

47、ries of his childhood. 這歡笑聲使他回憶起童年時(shí)代的背景。 復(fù)習(xí)思考題 Ⅰ. Vocabulary and Structure 1. He was convicted_______ fraud. A. to B. at C. on D. of [ ] 2. Life now is much easier than it_______ 20 years age. A. used to be B. be used to be C. used to b

48、eing D. be used to being [ ] 3. He said she_______ a prisoner at the factory where she worked. A. feel like B. like C. felt like D. liked [ ] 4. Many people doubt_______ these measures will successfully reduce the incidence of abuse. A. that

49、 B. whether C. if D. at [ ] 5. We’ve been advised not to risk _______ in these conditions. A. to travel B. for traveling C. traveling D. travel [ ] 6. John is_______ the government for equal rights for women. A. advocating

50、 B. campaigning C. convicting D. requesting [ ] 7. The Robber is _______ capital punishment. A. used to B. brought over C. blamed for D. deserving of [ ] 8. A Filipino maid was executed in Singapore after being convicting of murder, _______ protect

51、s from various quarters. A. despite B. besides C. without D. beyond [ ] 9. Because she found _______ her four children, she accepted a job working as a domestic in London. A. hard to feed B. it hard to feed C. hard feeling D. it hard feeding [ ] 10.

52、 Study after study_______ shown that you cannot prevent people from committing crimes by punishment or the threat of punishment. A. is B. are C. has D. have [ ] Ⅱ. Word Form 1. There_______ (estimate) to be more than 20,000 overseas domestic serva

53、nts working in Britain. 2. Of these 20,000, just under 2,000 _______ (exploit) by their employers. 3. They can have their passports removed, _______ (make) leaving or “escaping” virtually impossible. 4. The new music_______ (build) out of materials already in existence 5. There were now audienc

54、es of total participants, _______ (feel) the music in all of their senses. 6. It is difficult to summarize the composing methods of so_______ (diversify) a group. 7. What developed was a music readily_______ (take) on various forms. 8. A mine _______ (exploit) for its minerals. 9. Among_______ (

55、civilize) people it was once thought that ginger root by some magical power could improve the memory. 10. My friend and classmate Paul often _______ (race) motorcycles in his spare times. Unit Five 內(nèi)容提要 Aims Text A Text B Words transformation distinct consciousness youthful sent

56、iment originate limitless participant inspire fruitful symphony preliminary Phrases take over take on at a stretch serve as belong in Structures It goes without saying that 從句 Grammar 語序 重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn) Text A 1.distinct a. 獨(dú)特的，明顯的 The two concepts are quite distinct fr

57、om each other. 這兩個(gè)概念有很大的區(qū)別。 2.originate v.發(fā)源，發(fā)生 The style of architecture originated from the ancient Greeks . original a. 原始的，最初的 The Indians were the original inhabitants of North America. 3. take over 接管，接任，把…從一處移動(dòng)到另一處 1）When Mr. Smith retired his son took over the business from him

58、. 史密斯先生退休后由他的兒子接管他的生意。 2） The driver took me over to our school. 司機(jī)把我?guī)У搅宋覀兊膶W(xué)校。 4. take on 承擔(dān)（工作，責(zé)任，接受）；雇傭 1）The word takes on an entirely different meaning in this context. 這個(gè)詞在上下文中有完全不同的含義。 2）Don’t take on more work than you can do. 不要接受超過你能負(fù)荷的工作量。 3）The company was taking workmen

59、 on. 這家公司正在招工。 Text B 1. inspire vt. 鼓舞；使產(chǎn)生靈感 (1) Even from within prison, his qualities of leadership inspired his followers. 即使身陷囹圄，他的領(lǐng)袖風(fēng)范仍激勵(lì)著他的追隨者。 (2) The Lake District scenery inspired Wordsworth to write his greatest poetry. 英格蘭湖區(qū)的美景給了華茲華斯靈感，從而創(chuàng)作出他最偉大的詩篇。 2. fruitful a.

60、有成果的，有收獲的 (1) It was a most fruitful discussion, with both sides agreeing to adopt a common policy. 這是一次卓有成效的討論，雙方同意采取共同的政策。 3. symphony n. 交響曲，交響樂；交響樂隊(duì)；交響音樂會(huì) (1) They played Machler’s9th symphony.他們演奏了馬勒的第九交響曲。 4. limitless a. 無限制的，無限的 Ⅱ.phrases and expressions 1. take over 接管，接任；把…

61、從一處移動(dòng)到另一處 (1) When Mr Smith retired his son took over the business from him. 史密斯先生退休后由他的兒子接管他的生意。 (2) The driver took me over to our school. 司機(jī)把我?guī)У搅宋覀儗W(xué)校。 2. serve as 適合 (1) The sofa can serve as a bed.這張沙發(fā)可以做床用。 復(fù)習(xí)思考題 Ⅰ. Word Form 1. Up to that time, the blues_______ (be) an essentially

62、black medium. 2. I don’t know what Jeanie_______ (do) at this time tomorrow. 3. _______ (affect) by the pollution, many trees in the area did not grow to their full height. 4. The teacher did not criticize the boy, but_______ (praise) him. 5. For lack of money, she accepted a job _______ (work)

63、as a domestic worker in London. 6. The old in our country _______ (care) for by their grown-up children. 7. Union leaders called for the active_______ (participant) of all members in the day of protest. 8. The rock singer enjoyed great_______ (popular) from 60’s to 70’s. 9. Our supermarket deman

64、d more _______ (vary) for food. 10. Economic conditions may be responsible for the _______ (create) of social unrest. Ⅱ. Translation from Chinese into English 1. 在美國和英國都自發(fā)地發(fā)生了轉(zhuǎn)變。 2. 這三種音樂形式在音樂和文化上都彼此不同。 3. 你幾乎可以根據(jù)他富有成果的創(chuàng)作分辨出這一類作曲家。 4. 知道昨天我才知道他是一家大公司的老板。 5. 如果他們按時(shí)簽了合同，就不會(huì)遭受這樣的損失了。

65、Unit Six 內(nèi)容提要 Aims Text A Text B Words increasingly prevalent install personnel specific intensity scale defective assemble forecast shift fault precede underground speculate subside partial analyze Phrases expose to in that in question work on set up on th

66、e alert Structures in that Grammar 被動(dòng)語態(tài) 重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn) Text A 1. increasingly ad. 不斷增加地 Their argument became increasingly bitter. 他們的爭(zhēng)論越來越激烈。 2. prevalent a.流行的，普通的 1）Trees are dying in areas where acid rain is most prevalent. 在酸雨嚴(yán)重的地區(qū)，樹木逐漸死去。 2）Travelling by air is becoming more prevalent nowadays. 如今坐飛機(jī)旅行變得更普遍。 Prevail v. 流行，盛行；占上風(fēng) 1) In Britain the prevailing wind is from the southwest. 英國主要刮西南風(fēng)。 2) If words do not prevail, they will use force. 如果談判解決