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1、高考英語語法 從句第1頁/共61頁名詞性從句1. 1. 主語從句主語從句2. 2. 賓語從句賓語從句3. 3. 表語從句表語從句4. 4. 同位語從句同位語從句第2頁/共61頁 在名詞性從句中，除了關(guān)聯(lián)詞在從句之首外，其它部分應(yīng)用陳述句的語序，He asked _ for a violin（NMET92） A. did I pay how much B. I paid how much C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid 第3頁/共61頁 為了使句子保持平衡，常用先行詞it來代替主語從句或賓語從句，而把主語從句或賓語從句放到后面，尤其是連詞that

2、引導(dǎo)的主語從句常用于此種句式中，但what，whatever，whoever，whichever引導(dǎo)的主語從句一般不后置。例如： I hate _ when people talk with their mouths full（MET98） Ait Bthat Cthese Dthem 解析答案：A。此題考查了it作先行詞代替賓語從句，而把賓語從句放在句末。其它人稱代詞或指示代詞都不能代替從句。第4頁/共61頁(1) It is 名詞 從句 It is a fact that 事實是 It is an honor that 非常榮幸 It is common knowledge that 是常

3、識(2) It is 形容詞 從句 It is natural that 很自然 It is strange that 奇怪的是(3) It is 不及物動詞 從句 It seems that 似乎 It happened that 碰巧 It appears that 似乎(4) It 過去分詞 從句 It is reported that 據(jù)報道 It has been proved that 已證實 It is said that 據(jù)說 第5頁/共61頁第6頁/共61頁 that 從句與 wh- 從句的區(qū)別： that連詞在從句中不作成分，不含有疑問意義，而wh-連詞在從句中作成分，且含

4、有疑問意義。1. _ we cant get seems better than _ we have.（NMET96） A. What , what B. What , that C. That , that D. That , what 解析答案: A。此題考查了兩個名詞性從句, 因為從句中都缺賓語, 所以都應(yīng)選what不選that, that在引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時不作成分。 2. Do you remember _ he came? Yes, I do. He came by car. （NMET94） A. how B. when C. that D. if 解析答案: A。根據(jù)答語He c

5、ame by car可知, 問句應(yīng)是提問方式, 所以選擇A, how。再如： _ he said at the meeting astonished everybody present.（NMET93） A. What B. That C. The fact D. The matter 第7頁/共61頁 1主語從句 Whatever, whoever, whichever 引導(dǎo)的主語從句的區(qū)分。 whatever 相當于 anything that, 是 what 的強調(diào)形式，表示“無論什么”。例如： Whatever she does is ridiculous whoever 相當于any

6、one who, 是who 的強調(diào)形式，表示“無論誰；任何的人”。例如： Whoever walks around in such a heavy rain will catch a cold whichever“無論哪個; 無論哪些”, 既指人, 也指物; 可以單獨使用, 可以修飾名詞, 也可以后跟of 短語。例如： Whichever of us fulfils his task first will lend a hand to others Whichever book you borrow doesnt matter to us 第8頁/共61頁2表語從句 reason 后面的表語從

7、句只能用that 引導(dǎo), 不能用why 引導(dǎo), 但reason后面的定語從句可以用why 或者that 引導(dǎo)。例如： The reason why we didnt trust him is that he has often lied 3同位語從句 能跟同位語從句的名詞。 idea, fact, news, hope, belief, thought, doubt 等名詞后面, 可以跟that或者連接代詞、連接副詞引導(dǎo)的同位語從句。同位語從句只是對前面的名詞作進一步的解釋, 說明前面的名詞的具體含義。 例如： We are surprised at the fact that the chi

8、ldren did it on their own They expressed the hope that we would go and visit Germany again 第9頁/共61頁同位語從句和定語從句的區(qū)別： that作為關(guān)系代詞, 可以引導(dǎo)定語從句, 充當句子成分, 在從句中作賓語時可以省略; that引導(dǎo)同位語從句時, 起連詞的作用, 沒有實際意義，不充當句子成分, 一般不能省略。 試比較下面兩個例句: The suggestion (that) he raised at the meeting is very good.（that引導(dǎo)定語從句, 作賓語, 可以省略） T

9、he suggestion that the students (should) have plenty of exercise is very good.（that引導(dǎo)同位語從句） I had no idea that you were here.（that引導(dǎo)同位語從句, 不能省略） Have you got the idea (that) this book gives you of life in ancient Greece?（that引導(dǎo)定語從句, 作賓語, 可以省略） 第10頁/共61頁 名詞性從句的兩點注意 注意一 引導(dǎo)詞that的省略 引導(dǎo)賓語從句時，that可以省略 引導(dǎo)主

10、語、表語和同位語從句時，that不能省第11頁/共61頁注意二：名詞性從句中主句和從句的時態(tài)一致 （1）賓語從句中主句和從句的時態(tài)保持一致，但如果從句中表示提示的是客觀現(xiàn)象，雖然主句是過去時態(tài)，從句仍用一般現(xiàn)在時。如： Hello,I didnt know you were in London. How long have you been here? The teacher told us that light travels at a very high speed. 第12頁/共61頁 （2）主語從句作主語相當于單數(shù)第三人稱作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)，如果由and 連接兩個或兩個以上的主語從

11、句作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)；由兩個或多個連接詞引導(dǎo)一個主語從句，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。如： When the meeting will begin _not been decided yet. （has not ）When they will start and where they go _not been decided yet. ( have not)When and where the meeting will begin _not been decided. （has not ）第13頁/共61頁 名詞性從句例題 P22/31 上 P22/34上 P23/36上 P23/39上 P23/4

12、0上 P23/37下第14頁/共61頁定語從句第15頁/共61頁一、引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系詞指代人 whowho，whomwhom，thatthat指代事物 whichwhich，thatthat所屬關(guān)系 whosewhose，of whichof which指地點 wherewhere指時間 whenwhen指原因 whywhy第16頁/共61頁二、關(guān)系代詞that和which在很多情況下可以互換，但下列情況只用that。All _ can be done has been done.Do you have anything _ you dont understand ?There is lit

13、tle _ can be believed about it .The book doesnt say much _ amuses children.that thatthat that先行詞是all ,everything,nothing,anything,something,much,little,none等不定代詞，引導(dǎo)定語從句用that 。(something有時可用 which)第17頁/共61頁Hamburg is the most beautiful city _Ive ever seen.This is the best TV _ is made in China.The fi

14、rst museum _ he visited in China was the History Museum. thatthatthat先行詞被形容詞最高級或序數(shù)詞修飾時，引導(dǎo)定語從句用that 。第18頁/共61頁Ive read all the books _ you lent me.No sample _ we nave received is satisfactory.Please send us any information _ you have about the subject.He is the only person _ was present at the time.

15、that that that that先行詞被any,some,no,much,few,little,every,all,very,only,last修飾時，引導(dǎo)定語從句用that 。第19頁/共61頁The famous writer and his works _ the radio broadcast have aroused great interest among the students.A victim is a person,animal or thing _ suffers pain,death,harm,etc. thatthat先行詞中既有人又有事物時，引導(dǎo)定語從句用th

16、at .第20頁/共61頁Who _ you have ever seen can do it better ?Who _ you are talking to is the young fellow ? that thatWho做先行詞時，引導(dǎo)定語從句用that 。第21頁/共61頁三、不用that，而用which，who，whom的情況He made the same mistakes again ,_ made his parents very angry.Yesterday I bought a dictionary,_ cost me more than 100 yuan .Mr S

17、mith,_ gave a talk several months ago,will come again.My uncle has come back from abroad,_ I havent met for along time.whichwhichwhowhom在非限制性定語從句中，指事物用which，指人用who或whom。第22頁/共61頁Her bag ,in _ she put all her money,has been stolen.This is the ring on _ she spent 1000 dollars.Xiao Wang, with _ I went

18、to the concert, enjoyed it very much.whichwhichwhom在介詞后面，指事物用which，指人用whom。第23頁/共61頁 注意：如何判斷介詞The girl _ which he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.He is the man _ whom I think you can depend .1、看定語從句中動詞與介詞的搭配foron第24頁/共61頁2、看定語從句中形容詞與介詞的搭配He referred me to some reference boo

19、ks _ which I am not very familiar.Dolphins might be trained to cooperate with fishermen and help them by finding or even catching fish, _ all of which activities dolphins are expert.within第25頁/共61頁3、根據(jù)先行詞判斷，所用的介詞與先行詞 搭配The rate _ which wild animals are being destroyed has increased.This is our class

20、room, _ which there is a teachers desk.atin the front of第26頁/共61頁The committee consists of 20 members,5 of _ are women.The book contains 50 poems, most of _ were written in 1930s.There are two left, one of _ is almost finished, and the other of _ is not quite. I have a sentence, the meaning of _ I d

21、ont understand.whomwhichwhichwhichwhich名詞/代詞/數(shù)詞+ of +which/whom第27頁/共61頁where 引導(dǎo)的定語從句。先行詞是表示地點的名詞或含有地點意義的抽象名詞，用where引導(dǎo)定語從句,在從句做狀語。This is the town where (= in which ) I spent my childhood.The table where (= at which ) she is sitting is a new one.Can you think of a situation where you may use this ex

22、pression?第28頁/共61頁注意注意 1 1若定語從句缺主語或賓語，用which或that引導(dǎo)定語從句。The library _ students often study was on fire last night.The library, _ was built in the 1930s,needs repairing.The library _ you visited yesterday was built in 1990.wherewhichwhich第29頁/共61頁注意注意 2 2區(qū)分where引導(dǎo)的定語從句和狀語從句where前面有被修飾的地點名詞時，是定語從句，否則是

23、狀語從句。When you read books, you had better make a mark at the spot where you have any questions.When you read books , you had better make a mark where you have any questions.第30頁/共61頁when 引導(dǎo)的定語從句。先行詞是表示時間的名詞，用when引導(dǎo)定語從句,在從句作狀語。Ill never forget the day when (= on which ) I met you.This was the time whe

24、n ( =at which ) he left for Beijing .We will put off the outing until next week, when we wont be busy.第31頁/共61頁注意注意:若定語從句缺主語或賓語，用which或that引導(dǎo)定語從句。Ill never forget the day _ we first met in the park.Ill never forget the time _ I sent on campus.Ill never forget the time _ was spent with you.whenwhicht

25、hatwhichthat第32頁/共61頁why引導(dǎo)的定語從句。先行詞是表示原因的名詞，用引導(dǎo)定語從句,在從句中作狀語。This is the reason why ( = for which ) I didnt come here.The reason _ she gave was not true.whichthat第33頁/共61頁whose 引導(dǎo)的定語從句。表示所屬關(guān)系。The river _ banks are covered with trees flows to the sea.whoseThere are in this class 20 students, _ are dif

26、ferent.A.whose backgrounds B.the backgrounds of whomC.of whom the backgrounds D.the backgrounds of whose第34頁/共61頁 定語從句例題 P22/36下 P23/38上 P24/35上 P28/33上第35頁/共61頁 狀語從句第36頁/共61頁1 1、時間狀語從句：、時間狀語從句： 從屬連詞有：when, while, as, whenever, before, after, since, till, until, as soon as, once等。第37頁/共61頁注意：（1）when

27、, as, while when when既可引導(dǎo)持續(xù)性動作，又既可引導(dǎo)持續(xù)性動作，又可引導(dǎo)短暫性動作。它表示動作同時可引導(dǎo)短暫性動作。它表示動作同時發(fā)生，或從句的動作發(fā)生在主句動作發(fā)生，或從句的動作發(fā)生在主句動作之前。之前。第38頁/共61頁 asas引導(dǎo)持續(xù)性動作，側(cè)重主句和從引導(dǎo)持續(xù)性動作，側(cè)重主句和從句的動作同時發(fā)生。句的動作同時發(fā)生。e.g. He sang as he walked.e.g. He sang as he walked.第39頁/共61頁 WhileWhile：指的是：指的是“在某一時間里在某一時間里”，“在在期間期間”，從句里的動作必須是，從句里的動作必須是持續(xù)性持

28、續(xù)性的，它也強調(diào)主句和從句動作的，它也強調(diào)主句和從句動作的同時發(fā)生，往往側(cè)重主句和從句動的同時發(fā)生，往往側(cè)重主句和從句動作的對比。作的對比。e.g. While we were watching TV, he e.g. While we were watching TV, he was writing a composition.was writing a composition.第40頁/共61頁 由由where, wherever, where, wherever, anywhere, everywhereanywhere, everywhere引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo)2 2、地點狀語從句：、地點狀語從句

29、：第41頁/共61頁由because, as, since, now that引導(dǎo)。區(qū)別是: becausebecause：表示：表示“因為因為”，直接而明確，直接而明確的原因和理由，語氣最強，的原因和理由，語氣最強，whywhy提問的句提問的句子，一般都用子，一般都用becausebecause回答?；卮稹.g. He didnt come because he was ill.e.g. He didnt come because he was ill.3 3、原因狀語從句：、原因狀語從句：第42頁/共61頁sincesince：表示：表示“既然既然”，語氣比，語氣比becausebeca

30、use弱。弱。e.g. Since you are here, you must do it.e.g. Since you are here, you must do it.now thatnow that意思與意思與sincesince相似，表示相似，表示“既既然然”。 e.g. Now that all the guests have e.g. Now that all the guests have arrived, letarrived, lets have our dinner.s have our dinner.第43頁/共61頁 for也表示“因為”，但是并列 連詞，它連接的不是

31、狀語從 句，語氣比較強。 It must be morning,for the birds are singing.第44頁/共61頁 由so that, in order that, in case（以防、免得）, for fear that等引導(dǎo)：I hid the book I hid the book for fear thatfor fear that he he shouldshould see it. see it.4 4、目的狀語從句：、目的狀語從句：第45頁/共61頁由由that, sothat, sothat, suchthat, suchthatthat引導(dǎo)：引導(dǎo)：注意注

32、意：so so 后面跟的是形容詞和副詞后面跟的是形容詞和副詞 suchsuch后面跟的是名詞（詞組）后面跟的是名詞（詞組）5 5、結(jié)果狀語從句：、結(jié)果狀語從句：第46頁/共61頁 由 if, unless, as long as (=so long as) (只要), in case (that) (如果，萬一), only if, providing (that)等引導(dǎo)： In case that I forgetIn case that I forget, please remind , please remind me about that.me about that.6 6、條件狀語從

33、句：、條件狀語從句：第47頁/共61頁 由though, although, while, as (雖然盡管), even if, even though引導(dǎo).7 7、讓步狀語從句：、讓步狀語從句：第48頁/共61頁1. 1. 由連詞由連詞asasas, not so(as) as, not so(as) as, thanas, than等等引導(dǎo)：引導(dǎo)：2. 2. “the+the+比較級比較級( (接從句接從句) )，the+the+比較比較 級級( (接接主句主句) )，這一句型也歸在比較狀語從句內(nèi)。，這一句型也歸在比較狀語從句內(nèi)。8 8、比較狀語從句：、比較狀語從句：第49頁/共61頁由

34、連詞：as, as if, as though引導(dǎo)： as if和as though意義和用法大致一樣，引導(dǎo)的從句多用虛擬語氣，但也可用陳述語氣。He treats me as if I were his own son.He walked as if he were drunk. 9 9、方式狀語從句：、方式狀語從句：第50頁/共61頁 狀語從句例題 P23/34下 P23/39下第51頁/共61頁 完成句子其他考點之 倒裝倒裝釋義-謂語動詞放在主語之前的這種語法現(xiàn)象稱為倒裝倒裝的形式-全部倒裝和部分倒裝全部倒裝是指整個謂語置于主語之前部分倒裝僅是指助動詞、情態(tài)動詞或be 動詞等功能置于主語

35、這前 第52頁/共61頁全部倒裝的經(jīng)典例句 There goes the bell. Here comes the bus.第53頁/共61頁考點-部分倒裝1.以否定詞(not until, barely, hardly, never , seldom, not)放句首, 句子要倒裝. 2.以so開頭表示也是的句子, 以neither/nor開頭表示也不是的句子,要倒裝.第54頁/共61頁 Sothat句型中 -So+ adj/adv + 謂語 + 主語 As引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句 -Adj + as + 主語 +謂語第55頁/共61頁 倒裝例題 P23/34上 P24/33 上 P28/32上第56頁/共61頁完成句子其他考點之倍數(shù)表達法第57頁/共61頁第58頁/共61頁第59頁/共61頁 倍數(shù)表達例題 P24/32上 P25/9第60頁/共61頁