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1、專題限時檢測(二十四)　閱讀理解D篇增分練(二) (共2篇，限時20分鐘) A The United Nations Climate Change Conference takes place next week in Poland. About 20,000 people from 190 countries are expected to take part in the conference. There, world leaders will debate how to limit climate change — the weather events linked to slo

2、wly rising temperatures on Earth. They will discuss ways to reduce carbon emissions (排放物) and other pollution which, scientists say, can give rise to long-term changes to our planet. For environmentalists, one area of concern is South America's Amazon rainforest. Brazil holds about 60 percent of

3、the Amazon rainforest. It is also the most biodiverse country on Earth, with more than 56,000 species of plants, 1,700 species of birds, 695 amphibians, 578 mammals, and 651 reptiles. Studies have shown that the Amazon takes in as much as 2 billion tons of carbon dioxide a year and releases about 2

4、0 percent of Earth's oxygen. Scientists wonder whether the rainforest will be protected under Brazil's next president, Jair Bolsonaro, who began to take office on January 1, 2019. Bolsonaro had said that his country should withdraw from the 2015 Paris Agreement. Under the agreement, most nations p

5、romised to reduce carbon emissions by 37 percent over 2005 levels by the year 2030. The president-elect claims a mandate (授權(quán)) from voters to develop land for agriculture and other purposes. He said that Brazil's rainforest protection is standing in the way of economic success. Scientists say defor

6、estation is a major reason for climate change. Studies have linked rising temperatures to the destruction of forests. Scientists worry about the future of the Amazon. New Brazilian government records show the speed of deforestation has increased over the past year. Carlos Nobre, a climate scientis

7、t at the University of So Paulo, told the Associated Press that it is almost impossible to say just how important the rainforest is to the planet's living systems. Some scientists call the Amazon “the lungs of the planet”. They liken it to human lungs. Each tree takes in and stores carbon dioxide

8、from the air around it. The trees also release the oxygen we need to live. The Amazon, the world's largest rainforest, also creates weather. Billions of trees pull up water through their roots. Then the trees release water vapor into the air. The vapor forms a thick mist, made up of tiny drops of

9、water. These water particles move up into the clouds and later return to earth as rain. Scientists estimate that the Amazon creates 30 to 50 percent of its own rainfall. During the election campaign, Bolsonaro promised to ease protection for areas of the Brazilian Amazon set aside for native people

10、s and wildlife. He said that indigenous lands and nature reserves restrict economic growth.“All these reserves cause problems for development，”he said. The president-elect also talked about taking away the power of Brazil's environmental ministry to enforce laws for protecting the environment. Paul

11、o Artaxo is a professor of environmental physics at the University of So Paulo. He said that if Bolsonaro keeps his campaign promises, then “deforestation of the Amazon will probably increase quickly — and the effects will be felt everywhere on the planet”． However, senator-elect Luiz Carlos Heinze

12、, noted that farmers are not invaders (侵略者), but producers. He blamed the past administrations for supporting native rights at the expense of farmers. “Brazil，” he said，“will be the biggest farming nation on Earth during Bolsonaro's years.” Scientists warn that if the Amazon and other rainforest

13、s lose too many trees, this could affect rainfall and global climate. Nobre and others estimate that the “tipping” point (引爆點) for the Amazon system is 20 to 25 percent deforestation. Without enough trees to support the rainfall, the longer and bigger dry season could turn more than half of the ra

14、inforest into a tropical grassland. 語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。眾所周知，亞馬孫熱帶雨林對整個地球的生態(tài)有著舉足輕重的作用。其中，約60%的部分位于巴西。而2019年上任的巴西總統(tǒng)賈伊爾·波索那羅承諾為了發(fā)展本國經(jīng)濟(jì)將允許農(nóng)民砍伐更多的熱帶雨林樹木，對此很多人感到憂心忡忡。 1．What does the author say about the Amazon rainforest? A．It is home to more than 56,000 species of plants. B．It makes up about 60% of Bra

15、zil's rainforests. C．It creates 30 to 50 percent of the world's rainfall. D．It supplies about 20 percent of the oxygen to Earth. 解析：選D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Studies have shown that the Amazon takes in as much as 2 billion tons of carbon dioxide a year and releases about 20 percent of Earth's oxygen.”可

16、知，亞馬孫熱帶雨林為地球供應(yīng)大約20%的氧氣。故選D。 2. Why does Bolsonaro want to withdraw Brazil from the 2015 Paris Agreement? A．Because he thinks it impossible to achieve. B．Because it is against his promises to his voters. C．Because he thinks it will sacrifice Brazil's economy. D．Because it will influence Braz

17、il's rainforest protection. 解析：選C　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中提到的亞馬孫熱帶雨林儲存二氧化碳和釋放氧氣的重要作用和第三段中的“Bolsonaro has said that his country should withdraw ... He said that Brazil's rainforest protection is standing in the way of economic success.”可知，波索那羅想讓巴西退出 《巴黎協(xié)定》是因為這一協(xié)定要求巴西減少二氧化碳的排放，這就意味著巴西要保護(hù)好其境內(nèi)的熱帶雨林，但波索那羅認(rèn)為這種保護(hù)會阻礙

18、巴西經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展。故選C。 3. Which of the following statements may Carlos Nobre agree with? A．The significance of rainforests is to be re-evaluated. B．The value of rainforests can not be overemphasized. C．It's unwise for Brazil to quit the 2015 Paris Agreement. D．It's wrong to link rainforests to the pl

19、anet's living systems. 解析：選B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中的“it is almost impossible to say just how important the rainforest is to the planet's living systems”可知，Carlos Nobre認(rèn)為熱帶雨林對地球生命系統(tǒng)非常重要。故選B。 4. What is Luiz Carlos Heinze's attitude to Bolsonaro's campaign promises? A．Doubtful.　　　　　　　 B．Critical. C．Favora

20、ble. D．Concerned. 解析：選C　觀點態(tài)度題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的內(nèi)容尤其是“He blamed the past administrations for supporting native rights at the expense of farmers.‘Brazil，’he said, ‘will be the biggest farming nation on Earth during Bolsonaro's years.’”可知，Luiz Carlos Heinze責(zé)備先前的巴西政府為了保護(hù)熱帶雨林地區(qū)而犧牲了農(nóng)民的利益，而且他認(rèn)為在波索那羅執(zhí)政期間，巴西會成為地球上

21、最大的農(nóng)業(yè)國家。由此可推知，他對波索那羅的承諾是持贊同態(tài)度的。故選C。 5. What will probably happen if Bolsonaro's promises are carried out? A．Native peoples' shelters will no longer be protected. B．Brazil will surely see a rapid increase in its economy. C．Laws to protect the environment will be strengt-hened. D．Global warming

22、 will worsen because of deforestation. 解析：選D　推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段中的“if Bolsonaro keeps his campaign promises ... the effects will be felt everywhere on the planet”和最后一段中的“Scientists warn that ... global climate.”可知，如果波索那羅信守了他的承諾，即為了發(fā)展巴西的農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)，允許農(nóng)民砍伐更多的樹木，這可能會導(dǎo)致亞馬孫的森林砍伐量迅速增加，進(jìn)而對全球氣候產(chǎn)生影響，全球變暖問題將會惡化。故選D。 6

23、．Which is the most suitable title for this passage? A．Are Brazil's rainforests in danger? B．What threats the Amazon rainforest? C．Why is the Amazon rainforest important? D．Will Brazil's rainforests survive climate change? 解析：選A　標(biāo)題歸納題。文章重點講述2019年上任的巴西總統(tǒng)波索那羅承諾為了發(fā)展巴西本國的經(jīng)濟(jì)要退出《巴黎協(xié)定》，允許農(nóng)民砍伐更多的熱帶

24、雨林樹木，這會對全球氣候產(chǎn)生惡劣影響。因此很多人對此感到擔(dān)憂。故A項“巴西的熱帶雨林處于危險之中嗎？”作本文標(biāo)題最佳。 B (2019·無錫模擬)Stars blazed (猛烈地燃燒) in the sky above Spook like a million tiny suns. They shone through the mists, which had — during the last year — become thinner and weaker. At first, he had thought the world itself was changing. Then

25、he had realized that it was just his feeling. Somehow, by burning tin in his body for so long, he had permanently strengthened his senses to a point far beyond what other Allomancers could attain. The burned tin had begun as a reaction to Clubs's death. Spook still felt terrible about the way he

26、'd escaped, leaving his uncle to die. During those first few weeks, Spook had burned his metals as almost a self-punishment — he'd wanted to feel everything around him, take it all in, even though it was painful, or perhaps because it was painful. But then he'd started to change, and that had wor

27、ried him. But, the crew always talked about how hard Vin pushed herself. She rarely slept, using pewter (白镴) to keep herself awake and alert. Spook didn't know how that worked — he was no Mistborn, and could only born one metal — but he figured that if burning his one metal could give him an adva

28、ntage, he'd better take it, because they were going to need every advantage they could get. The starlight was like daylight to him. During the actual day, he had to wear a cloth tied across his eyes to protect them, and even then going outside was sometimes blinding. His skin had become so sensit

29、ive that each little stone in the ground felt like a knife jabbing (猛刺) him through the bottom of his feet. The cold spring air seemed freezing, and he wore a thick cloak (斗篷)． However, he had concluded that these discomforts were small prices to pay for the opportunity to become — whatever it was

30、he had become. As he moved down the street, he could hear people turning over and over in their beds, even through their walls. He could sense a footstep from yards away. He could see on a dark night as no other human ever had. __①__. Always before, he'd been the least important member of the crew

31、— the dismissible boy who served as a handy man or kept watch while the others made plans. He didn't feel annoyed with them for that — they'd been right to give him such simple duties.__②__. Because of his street dialect, he'd been difficult to understand, and while all the other members of the crew

32、 had been carefully picked, Spook had joined through the back door since he was Clubs's nephew. Spook sighed, sticking his hands in his trouser pockets as he walked down the too-bright street. He could feel each and every thread of the cloth. Dangerous things were happening, he knew that: the way

33、 the mists lasted longer during the day, the way the ground shook as if it were a sleeping man, the periodically (周期性地) suffering a terrible dream. Spook worried he wouldn't be of much help in the critical days to come. A little over a year before, his uncle had died after Spook fled the city. Spook

34、 had run out of fear, but also out of a knowledge of his lack of power.__③__. He wouldn't have been able to help during the campaign. He didn't want to be in that position again. He wanted to be able to help, somehow. He wouldn't run into the woods, hiding while the world ended around him. He was s

35、ent to gather as much information as he could about the Citizen and his government there, and so Spook intended to do his best. If that meant pushing his body beyond what was safe, so be it. He approached a large crossing. He looked both ways down the intersecting (交叉的) streets — the view clear as

36、 day to his eyes. I may not be Mistborn, and I may not be emperor, he thought. But I'm something. Something new. Something people would be proud of. Maybe this time I can help.__④__. 語篇解讀：本文摘自美國奇幻小說《迷霧之子》。文章講述了Spook經(jīng)過死里逃生之后下定決心改變自己的故事。 7．What is the real “change” according to Paragraph 1? A．The

37、thinner and weaker mists. B．The changing world. C．Spook's sensitive feeling. D．Allomancers' strengthened senses. 解析：選C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“At first, he had thought the world itself was changing.”可知，起初他以為世界發(fā)生了變化，但是第一段第四句中的“he had realized that it was just his feeling”表明他意識到并不是這樣，只是他自己的一種感覺而已。由此

38、可知，真正改變的是Spook的感覺。 8．Why on earth did Spook start burning tin? A．To make himself strong. B．To erase an emotional debt. C．To show his honor to Vin. D．To feel pain of his uncle. 解析：選B　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Spook still felt terrible about the way ... die.”和“burned his metals as almost a self-punish

39、ment”可知，他將燃燒錫看作對自己的一種懲罰，目的是消除自己內(nèi)心的負(fù)罪感。 9. What does the example of Vin serve as in Paragraph 3? A．A reminder of Spook's own pain. B．An encouragement to Spook's persistence. C．A comparison for Spook's burning metal. D．An implication of Spook's own change. 解析：選B　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“he'd start

40、ed to change, and that had worried him”可知，Spook意識到應(yīng)該改變自己，但是這讓他感到焦慮。本段第二句中的“how hard Vin pushed herself”可知，別人在他面前提及Vin是如何提升自己的，第四句中的“he figured that if burning his one metal could give him an advantage”可知，他認(rèn)為如果燃燒一塊金屬能讓他獲得優(yōu)勢，那他最好繼續(xù)下去，因為他們需要可獲得的各種優(yōu)勢，因此，提及Vin的做法是為了激勵Spook繼續(xù)堅持下去。 10. What discomforts wa

41、s Spook suffering when moving down the street? ①The shining daylight that almost made him blind. ②The little stones that jabbed him like a knife. ③The cold spring air that seemed freezing. ④The sleepless people that turned over and over in their beds. ⑤The awakened awareness of b

42、eing unimportant when keeping watch. ⑥His street dialect that made him hard to understand. A．②③ B．①②③ C．②③④⑥ D．①②③④⑤⑥ 解析：選A　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“His skin had become so sensitive that each little stone in the ground felt like a knife jabbing (猛刺) him through the bottom of his feet.”說明他的皮膚很

43、敏感，路上的小石子對他來說也像刀刺一樣，與②吻合。本段最后一句話中的“The cold spring air seemed freezing”與③吻合。這些都是他在街上行走的時候經(jīng)歷的不適，再結(jié)合第五段中的“concluded that these discomforts were small prices”可知，A項正確。 11. Where can the following sentence most probably be? “Perhaps he'd find a way to become useful to the others.” A．① B．② C．

44、③ D．④ 解析：選A　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六段中的“he'd been the least important member of the crew — the dismissible boy who served as a handy man or kept watch while the others made plans”可知，Spook之前是最不起眼的一個成員，當(dāng)別人制定計劃的時候，他不過是個旁觀者。而本段中的“they'd been right to give him such simple duties”說明他被分配了一些小任務(wù)。所以“Perhaps he'd find

45、 a way to become useful to the others”應(yīng)該是本段第一句話，找到一種能讓其他人用得上他的方法，既是他自己內(nèi)心的渴望，也是對過去的自己的否定，且與下文銜接緊密。 12. What can we learn about Spook from the article? A．He's a guilty and weak nephew of the great Clubs. B．He's a carefully-picked and most powerful member of the crew. C．He's a proud and

46、 self-sacrificing handy man of the crew. D．He's a strong-willed and outstanding Allomancer. 解析：選D　推理判斷題。根據(jù)前五段可知，Spook剛剛經(jīng)歷了死里逃生，從第一段中的“Somehow, by ... Allomancers could attain.”可知，Spook已經(jīng)成為一個優(yōu)秀的人。從第六段開始介紹他決定改變自己，成為一個能讓其他人用得上他的人。第九段第一句說明他下定決心不再像以前那樣了，第二句中的“wanted to be able to help”是他的目標(biāo)，第三句中的“He wouldn't run into the woods ... around him.”和第四句中的“so Spook intended to do his best”說明他在痛定思痛之后決定以全新的面貌展示自己。最后一段的最后三句是他對自己的承諾和新要求，這些都表明他要改變自己的決心，說明他是一個意志堅定的人。故選D項。 - 8 -