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1、專題二　短文改錯(cuò) 策略綜述 1．細(xì)讀全文，了解全篇 首先要細(xì)讀全文，弄懂全篇的主旨，背景和素材。記住必須做到一句一句地讀，在讀的過程中可以把初步確定的錯(cuò)誤標(biāo)出來。 2．分句閱讀，逐句糾錯(cuò) 在此過程中，考生一定要細(xì)心，要根據(jù)上表中的考點(diǎn)方向去發(fā)現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤，可以先易后難。 3．重讀文章，仔細(xì)推敲 最后要將改正后的短文再仔細(xì)閱讀一遍，看詞法、句法及行文邏輯是否合理恰當(dāng)，如有不適及時(shí)糾正。 真題導(dǎo)練 A (2019·全國卷Ⅱ)Since I was a kid, I've considered different job I would like to do. First,

2、 I wanted to be a fireman, whose uniform looked so coolly. Then, when I was in the five grade, I wanted to be a teacher because I liked my English teacher too much. When I studied chemistry high school, I reconsidered my goal or decided to be a doctor. They were two reasons for the decision. One was

3、 that I was amazing at the fact that a sick person could feel much more better after seeing a doctor. And the other is that I wanted to help people in need.　 1.形容詞different后跟名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。故應(yīng)將job改成jobs。 2．系動詞look后跟形容詞作表語。故應(yīng)將coolly改成cool。 3．“上五年級”有兩種表達(dá)方式：in the fifth grade或in Grade Five。故應(yīng)將five改成fifth。

4、4．此處表示“我非常喜歡我的英語老師”。too much表示“太多”，而very/so much表示“非?！保蕬?yīng)將too改成very/so。 5．“在高中”的表達(dá)應(yīng)為in/at high school。故應(yīng)在high前加in/at。 6．reconsidered和decided這兩個(gè)動作是遞進(jìn)關(guān)系，故應(yīng)將or改為and。 7．此處是There_be固定句型。故應(yīng)將They改為There。 8．－ed形容詞說明人的感受，意為“感到……的”，－ing形容詞描述人或事物本身具有的特征，意為“令人……的”，此處說明主語I的感受，故應(yīng)將amazing改為amazed。 9．本句中better

5、本身已經(jīng)是比較級，前面只需要much來修飾，表示程度，more在本句中為多余成分，故應(yīng)將其去掉。 10．此處是敘述過去發(fā)生的事情，所以用一般過去時(shí)。故應(yīng)將is改為was。 B (2018·全國卷Ⅰ)During my last winter holiday, I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents. I find a change there. The first time I went there, they were living in a small house with dogs, ducks

6、, and another animals. Last winter when I went here again, they had a big separate house to raise dozens of chicken. They also had a small pond which they raised fish. My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by sell the fish. I felt happily that their life had improved. At the end of our

7、 trip, I told my father that I planned to return for every two years, but he agreed.　 1.此處特指去的是鄉(xiāng)下，故應(yīng)在countryside前加the。 2．根據(jù)第一句中的“During my last winter holiday”可知，時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)。故應(yīng)將find改成found。 3．根據(jù)句意“他們住在一個(gè)小房子里，院子里有狗、鴨子和其他牲畜?！笨芍瑧?yīng)將another改成other。 4．根據(jù)句意“去年冬天，我又一次去了那里。”可知，應(yīng)將here改成there。 5．根據(jù)前文的“dozen

8、s of”可知，其后用名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。故應(yīng)將chicken改為chickens。 6．此處a_small_pond是先行詞，且關(guān)系詞在后面的定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語成分，故應(yīng)用in_which或where來引導(dǎo)從句。 7．介詞by后應(yīng)用動名詞形式，故將sell改為selling。 8．系動詞feel后應(yīng)用形容詞作表語，故將happily改成happy。 9．時(shí)間名詞有every, each, last等詞修飾時(shí)，其前不用介詞。故應(yīng)去掉for。 10．根據(jù)語意“我計(jì)劃每兩年回來一次，他同意了。”可知，此處是并列關(guān)系，故應(yīng)將but改成and。 C (2017·全國卷Ⅲ)When I l

9、ook at this picture of myself, I realize of how fast time flies. I had grown not only physically, and also mentally in the past few years. About one month after this photo was took, I entered my second year of high school and become a new member of the school music club. Around me in picture are the

10、 things they were very important in my life at that time：car magazines and musical instruments. I enjoyed studying difference kinds of cars and planes, playing pop music, and collecting the late music albums. This picture often brings back to me many happy memories of your high school days.　　　　 1.r

11、ealize是及物動詞，故應(yīng)去掉of。 2．由時(shí)間狀語“in the past few years”可知，此處強(qiáng)調(diào)的是發(fā)生在過去的動作對現(xiàn)在的影響，因此應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。故將had改為have。 3．not only ... but_also ... “不但……而且……”，為固定搭配。故將and改為but。 4．photo與take之間為被動關(guān)系，故應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)。故將took改為taken。 5．“我”進(jìn)入高中第二學(xué)年并成為學(xué)校音樂俱樂部的新成員這一系列動作發(fā)生在過去，所以應(yīng)將become改為became。 6．上文已提到過這張照片，因此要用the表特指，或者用this。故在pictu

12、re前加這個(gè)詞。 7．things后為定語從句，修飾先行詞things，且關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語成分，所以應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞來引導(dǎo)從句。故將they改為that/which。 8．名詞kinds前需要形容詞來修飾，故應(yīng)將difference改為different。 9．此處表示收集“最新”的音樂專輯，故將late改為latest。 10．全文以第一人稱介紹了作者的故事，故應(yīng)將your改為my。 第1講　詞法類 詞法類錯(cuò)誤在短文改錯(cuò)中所占比例很大，我們建議考生在解題流程的第1、2步中去解決此類問題，對于此類錯(cuò)誤，考生要學(xué)會分析句子成分，注意平時(shí)積累，強(qiáng)化語言基礎(chǔ)。 考點(diǎn)　動詞類錯(cuò)誤

13、 1．(2019·全國卷Ⅰ)All the football players on the playground cheered loudly, say that I had a talent for football. 答案　say→saying 2．(2019·全國卷Ⅲ)Now my dream is to open a cafe. Though it may appear simple, it required a lot of ideas and efforts. 答案　required→requires 3．(2018·全國卷Ⅱ)As a kid, I loved to

14、 watch cartoon, but no matter how many times I asked to watching them, my parents would not to let me. 答案　watching→watch; 去掉let前的to 4．(2017·全國卷Ⅰ)I thought I had learned the instructor's orders, but once I started the car, my mind goes blank. 答案　goes→went 5．(2016·全國卷Ⅱ)We can chose between staying

15、 at home and taking a trip. 答案　chose→choose 　 1．辨清非謂語動詞與謂語動詞 句中已有謂語動詞，且另一動詞不作并列謂語，則只能用非謂語動詞。 2．識別時(shí)態(tài)不一致 文章前后是現(xiàn)在時(shí)但卻用了過去時(shí)，或前后都是過去時(shí)卻用了現(xiàn)在時(shí)，導(dǎo)致時(shí)態(tài)不一致。 在平行或并列結(jié)構(gòu)中，動詞的形式通常是一致的。關(guān)鍵的問題是看and, or等后的動詞與前面的哪個(gè)動詞并列，一定要理解，辨別清楚。 3．留心語態(tài)錯(cuò)誤 (1)構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)的過去分詞寫成了過去式或現(xiàn)在分詞。 (2)主動語態(tài)中卻多了be以及be的變形，變成了被動語態(tài)。 4．注意主謂不一致情況 主語是

16、單數(shù)形式，謂語卻采取復(fù)數(shù)形式；主語是復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語卻采取單數(shù)形式，導(dǎo)致主謂不一致的情況。 5．牢記情態(tài)動詞用法 (1)情態(tài)動詞后一定要接動詞原形，但卻用了過去式或其他形式。 (2)情態(tài)動詞相互間的誤用。 6．對于非謂語動詞 (1)理清to的兩種命題方式 ①多余：感官動詞和使役動詞(get除外)后面跟不帶to的不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。 ②缺失：有些動詞，如want, decide, plan等后應(yīng)接帶to的不定式作賓語。 (2)搞清動詞－ing形式與動詞－ed形式的區(qū)別 動詞－ing形式表主動、進(jìn)行；動詞－ed形式表被動、完成；動詞－ing形式轉(zhuǎn)化的形容詞表示“令人……的”，常修飾

17、物；而動詞－ed形式轉(zhuǎn)化的形容詞表示“感到……的”，常修飾人。 考點(diǎn)　名詞類錯(cuò)誤 1．(2019·全國卷Ⅲ)I wish to have a chain of cafes in many different city. 答案　city→cities 2．(2018·全國卷Ⅱ)When I was little, Friday's night was our family game night. 答案　Friday's→Friday 3．(2017·全國卷Ⅱ)Besides, they often get some useful informations from the Inter

18、net. 答案　informations→information 4．(2016·全國卷Ⅰ)My uncle tells me that the key to his success is honest. 答案　honest→honesty 　　(1)熟知單復(fù)數(shù)使用情況：①單數(shù)概念和不可數(shù)名詞用單數(shù)；②表示復(fù)數(shù)意義的可數(shù)名詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 (2)牢記常見的不可數(shù)名詞。 (3)三類詞后常用名詞：①冠詞后；②介詞后；③形容詞性物主代詞后。 考點(diǎn)　形容詞和副詞類錯(cuò)誤 1．(2019·全國卷Ⅰ)I stopped the ball and kicked it hardly back to t

19、he playground. 答案　hardly→hard 2．(2019·全國卷Ⅲ)What I want is not just an ordinarily cafe but a very special one. 答案　ordinarily→ordinary 3．(2018·全國卷Ⅲ)Immediate, I raised my hand. 答案　Immediate→Immediately 4．(2016·全國卷Ⅲ)They were also the best and worse years in my life. 答案　worse→worst 　 1．明辨詞性誤用

20、 副詞修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子，在句中作狀語。 2．理清比較級、最高級的誤用 (1)原級和比較級混用。 (2)比較級和最高級混用。 (3)在本身已是比較級形式的基礎(chǔ)上誤加more。 (4)在沒有最高級的詞前誤加most。 3．關(guān)注形近詞誤用 hard意為“刻苦地、猛烈地”，而hardly意為“幾乎不、幾乎沒有”；beside意為“在……旁邊”，besides意為“另外”。 4．重點(diǎn)連接副詞誤用 however主要用于轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ?，意思是“然而，可是，但是”；therefore主要表示結(jié)果，意思是“因此，所以”。 考點(diǎn)　冠詞類錯(cuò)誤 1．(2019·全國卷Ⅲ)Each

21、 of my cafes will have a different theme and an unique style. 答案　an→a 2．(2017·全國卷Ⅱ)They live far from the school, and it takes them about a hour and a half to go to work every day. 答案　第一個(gè)a→an/one 3．(2016·全國卷Ⅰ)My uncle says that he never dreams of becoming rich in the short period of time. 答案　t

22、he→a 　(1)a和an，表達(dá)數(shù)量，或者泛指任何一個(gè)。a用于輔音音素(不是輔音字母)開頭的詞前，an用于元音音素(不是元音字母)開頭的詞前。 (2)若對于某個(gè)名詞有明指或暗示的情況，前面要加the。 (3)若某名詞是復(fù)數(shù)、專有名詞、或抽象名詞、物質(zhì)名詞(沒有固定性狀)，前面不適合加冠詞，應(yīng)把該位置空下來，形成“零冠詞”。 (4)固定搭配中的冠詞需要牢記。 考點(diǎn)　介詞類錯(cuò)誤 1．(2018·全國卷Ⅱ)Still I was unwilling to play the games for them sometimes. 答案　for→with 2．(2017·全國卷Ⅰ)It wa

23、s a relief and I came to a sudden stop just in the middle on the road. 答案　on→of 3．(2019·河南汝州市實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)高三檢測)They said it was difficult of them to judge because how the accident happened was not clear. 答案　of→for 　　(1)注意介詞多余，關(guān)注介詞遺漏：①及物動詞后直接跟賓語無需加介詞，不及物動詞后需加介詞再加賓語；②this/that/these/those/last/next/every

24、等詞構(gòu)成的時(shí)間短語，前面不用介詞；③作定語的不定式中的動詞如果為不及物動詞，或不定式修飾的名詞和代詞是不定式動作的地點(diǎn)、工具等，不定式后要有相應(yīng)的介詞。 (2)牢記習(xí)慣用法，區(qū)別相似介詞：固定搭配或習(xí)慣用法以及相似介詞的區(qū)別常是介詞考查的設(shè)題點(diǎn)，這需要平時(shí)做題中多多積累。 考點(diǎn)　數(shù)詞類錯(cuò)誤 1．(2019·全國卷Ⅱ)Then, when I was in the five grade, I wanted to be a teacher because I liked my English teacher ... 答案　five→fifth 2．(2017·全國卷Ⅰ)In the s

25、ummer holiday following my eighteen birthday, I took driving lessons. 答案　eighteen→eighteenth 　　 1．識別序數(shù)詞與基數(shù)詞的混用和錯(cuò)用 “只描述數(shù)量多少的”用基數(shù)詞；“強(qiáng)調(diào)順序性，作第幾”講的時(shí)候用序數(shù)詞。 2．注意年齡、年代的表達(dá)法 表達(dá)“在某人幾十歲時(shí)”用“in one's＋逢十的基數(shù)詞復(fù)數(shù)”；表達(dá)“在幾十年代”時(shí)，用“in the＋逢十的基數(shù)詞復(fù)數(shù)”。 過關(guān)檢測(限時(shí)：20分鐘) (2019·廣西欽州市高三第三次質(zhì)檢)Today I was going home by bike

26、 where a little dog ran to me. I stopped in time avoid hitting the dog. Luckily, it was not injuring, but lay on the ground. I came nearer and touched its side gently. It jumped to its foot quickly and stared at me friendly. Seeing nothing seriously, I was about to leave, but the dog stops me by bit

27、ing my trousers. So I wanted to adopt to the dog but it was unfair to its master, just then, the woman came, saying the dog was her and that I could take it away as she had some many dogs at home. Thus I got a lovely pet. 答案： Today I was going home by bike a little dog ran to me. I stopped in tim

28、e avoid hitting the dog. Luckily, it was not ， but lay on the ground. I came nearer and touched its side gently. It jumped to its quickly and stared at me friendly. Seeing nothing ， I was about to leave, but the dog me by biting my trousers. So I wanted to adopt the dog but it was unfair to its

29、master, just then, woman came, saying the dog was and that I could take it away as she had some dogs at home. Thus I got a lovely pet. (2019·湖北七市高三聯(lián)考)I have met many teachers since I begin my schooling. Of all my teachers, Mrs Green is the one who impresses me most. Though she is 50, she looks

30、 very young at her age. Comparing with other teachers, Mrs Green pays more attention to her way of teaching. She tries various ways to make her class lively and interestingly. In her opinion, we will not only know “what” but also understand “why”. So instead of giving us answer immediately, she enco

31、urages us to think carefully every time when she puts forward questions. With her help, we have learned how to analyze and settled problems. What the amazing world of “why” she leads us! She is such a learned person that we all admire him very much. 答案： I have met many teachers since I my schooli

32、ng. Of all my teachers, Mrs Green is the one who impresses me most. Though she is 50, she looks very young her age. with other teachers, Mrs Green pays more attention to her way of teaching. She tries various ways to make her class lively and . In her opinion, we will not only know “what” but also

33、 understand “why”. So instead of giving us immediately, she encourages us to think carefully every time she puts forward questions. With her help, we have learned how to analyze and problems. What amazing world of “why” she leads us ！ She is such a learned person that we all admire very much.

34、強(qiáng)化特訓(xùn)2　短文改錯(cuò)(一)(限時(shí)：30分鐘) [1] (2019·遼寧大連一模)I was often troubled by lack of confidences. So I applied for a job at an exhibition as reporter last term. The exhibition was held annual to display the latest products in the field of education. At that time, I was responsible for interview parents who bou

35、ght the learning tools. While talking with him, I found it was not so hard as I think. One lady even praised me but asked her son to learn from me. I realized the experience was in great value and nothing was more excited than communicating with people. From this experience, I am fully aware that w

36、e should take real action if our personality that needs improving. 答案： I was often troubled by lack of . So I applied for a job at an exhibition as reporter last term. The exhibition was held to display the latest products in the field of education. At that time, I was responsible for parents w

37、ho bought the learning tools. While talking with ， I found it was not so hard as I . One lady even praised me asked her son to learn from me. I realized the experience was great value and nothing was more than communicating with people. From this experience, I am fully aware that we should take

38、real action if our personality needs improving. [2] (2019·山東師范大學(xué)附中第5次模擬)The sun was just slowly come up over the mountains today as I took my dogs for its morning walk. I smiled as I watched the clouds gradually turn to white and gold. The air was cool and I wore a big smile in my face. Even thou

39、gh there weren't leaf on the trees, but I could still hear birds singing songs of spring. Even my dogs seemed to notice the different in the air. They were playing instead of just do their morning business in the grass. The particular golden sun seemed to make it a beautiful day. As I headed back, I

40、 realize something. The beauty of day didn't come from the warmth of the sun. It came from the warmth within my own heart and soul. 答案： The sun was just slowly up over the mountains today as I took my dogs for morning walk. I smiled as I watched the clouds gradually turn to white and gold. The a

41、ir was cool and I wore a big smile my face. Even though there weren't on the trees, / I could still hear birds singing songs of spring. Even my dogs seemed to notice the in the air. They were playing instead of just their morning business in the grass. The golden sun seemed to make it a beautif

42、ul day. As I headed back, I something. The beauty of day didn't come from the warmth of the sun. It came from the warmth within my own heart and soul. [3] (2019·全國名校聯(lián)盟第二次模擬)My husband and I were having a walk the other night. Suddenly, I noticed lots of garbage lying on all sides of the road. So

43、 I went home in a hurry, thought cleaning up a garbage could make a difference to the neighborhood. The moment when I got home, I took out a pair of glove and a large garbage bag. Then I came back but picked up the cans, bottles, paper boxes on the road. Final, I carefully sorted them out. My husban

44、d warned, “Stopping it! Other people will look down you.” But I didn't care. Sometimes we just had to do what is right in our heart. 答案： My husband and I were having a walk the other night. Suddenly, I noticed lots of garbage lying on sides of the road. So I went home in a hurry, cleaning up ga

45、rbage could make a difference to the neighborhood. The moment I got home, I took out a pair of and a large garbage bag. Then I came back picked up the cans, bottles, paper boxes on the road. ， I carefully sorted them out. My husband warned, “ it! Other people will look down you.” But I didn't ca

46、re. Sometimes we just to do what is right in our heart. [4] (2019·安徽舒城中學(xué)仿真試題)When I intended to tell my four－year－old niece Lisa the story Snow White write by the Grimm Brothers, my elder sister stopped me immediate and gave me another storybook. When I asked if she has told Lisa the story, she s

47、hook her head and said, “I don't think girl today should listen to this story.” I was confusing. Later, my sister explained how. In this story, Snow White does nothing to rescue herself. Instead of, she depends on others' help. My sister doesn't want her daughter to learn just to turn to others help

48、. She wants her to learn to be brave and independence. That's why my sister doesn't want to tell herself such stories as Snow White. 答案： When I intended to tell my four－year－old niece Lisa the story Snow White by the Grimm Brothers, my elder sister stopped me and gave me another storybook. When

49、I asked if she told Lisa the story, she shook her head and said，“I don't think today should listen to this story.” I was . Later, my sister explained . In this story, Snow White does nothing to rescue herself. Instead ， she depends on others' help. My sister doesn't want her daughter to learn just to turn to others help. She wants her to learn to be brave and . That's why my sister doesn't want to tell such stories as Snow White. - 13 -