《（江蘇專用）2019高考英語二輪增分策略 專題三 閱讀理解 第二節(jié) 分類突破 6 推理判斷-寫作意圖題優(yōu)選習題》由會員分享，可在線閱讀，更多相關《（江蘇專用）2019高考英語二輪增分策略 專題三 閱讀理解 第二節(jié) 分類突破 6 推理判斷-寫作意圖題優(yōu)選習題（22頁珍藏版）》請在裝配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。

1、 六、推理判斷——寫作意圖題 (2018·鎮(zhèn)江一模) Most of us are already aware of the direct effect we have on our friends and family.But we rarely consider that everything we think，feel，do，or say can spread far beyond the people we know.Conversely(相反地)，our friends and family serve as conduits(渠道) for us to be influe

2、nced by hundreds or even thousands of other people.In a kind of social chain reaction，we can be deeply affected by events we do not witness that happen to people we do not know.As part of a social network，we go beyond ourselves，for good or ill，and become a part of something much larger. Our connect

3、edness carries with it fundamental implications(影響) for the way we understand the human condition.Social networks have value precisely because they can help us to achieve what we could not achieve on our own.Yet，social-network effects are not always positive.Depression，obesity，financial panic，and vi

4、olence also spread.Social networks，it turns out，tend to magnify(放大) whatever they are seeded with. Partly for this reason，social networks are creative.And what these networks create does not belong to any one individual—it is shared by all those in the network.In this way，a social network is like a

5、 commonly owned forest：we all stand to benefit from it，but we also must work together to ensure it remains healthy and productive.While social networks are fundamentally and distinctively human，and can be seen everywhere，they should not be taken for granted. If you are happier or richer or healthie

6、r than others，it may have a lot to do with where you happen to be in the network，even if you cannot recognize your own location.And it may have a lot to do with the overall structure of the network，even if you cannot control that structure at all.And in some cases，the process feeds back to the netwo

7、rk itself.A person with many friends may become rich and then attract even more friends.This rich-get-richer dynamic means social networks can dramatically reinforce two different kinds of inequality in our society：situational inequality and positional inequality. Lawmakers have not yet considered

8、the consequences of positional inequality.Still，understanding the way we are connected is an essential step in creating a more just society and in carrying out public policies affecting everything from public health to the economy.We might be better off vaccinating(接種疫苗) centrally located individual

9、s rather than weak individuals.We might be better off helping interconnected groups of people to avoid criminal behaviour rather than preventing or punishing crimes one at a time. If we want to understand how society works，we need to fill in the missing links between individuals.We need to understa

10、nd how interconnections and interactions between people give rise to wholly new aspects of human experience that are not present in the individuals themselves.If we do not understand social networks，we cannot hope to fully understand either ourselves or the world we inhabit. 1．What can be inferre

11、d from the first paragraph? A．We can’t be easily affected by strangers. B．We are connected and form a social network. C．We have negative effects on other social members. D．We will not make a difference in a specific group. 答案　B 解析　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容，尤其是最后一句可知，人與人之間是相互聯(lián)系相互影響的，從而形成一個社會網(wǎng)絡。 2．Why is

12、a social network like a commonly owned forest? A．Because it remains healthy and productive. B．Because it tends to magnify negative things. C．Because it is creative and shared by people in the whole society. D．Because what it creates can be enjoyed by everyone in the network. 答案　D 解析　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三

13、段第二句可知，這種網(wǎng)絡創(chuàng)造出來的產(chǎn)品并不屬于任何個人，而是整個網(wǎng)絡里面的人所共享的。 3．We can learn from Paragraph 4 that . A．whether we are richer depends on the number of friends we make B．the wealth we possess has nothing to do with individual continuous efforts C．sometimes our success may be largely due to our position in s

14、ocial networks D．we won’t succeed unless we fully control the overall structure of the network 答案　C 解析　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段第一句可知，我們的成功與我們在社交網(wǎng)絡中所處的位置有很大的關系。 4．What’s the author’s purpose of writing the passage? A．To introduce the characteristics of social networks. B．To urge people to understand how our

15、 society works. C．To show the significance of understanding social networks. D．To explain the possible consequences of ignoring social networks. 答案　C 解析　寫作意圖題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句“If we do not understand social networks，we cannot hope to fully understand either ourselves or the world we inhabit.”可知，文章旨在表明

16、社會關系網(wǎng)的重要性。 一、題型解讀 各種話題的閱讀材料都可能考查寫作意圖/目的題。設問形式常有： 1．整篇文章的寫作意圖/目的： (1)The author writes this passage in order to . (2)The author of the passage aims to . (3)The purpose of the passage is to . (4)What is the main purpose of the passage? (5)What is the author’s intentio

17、n of writing this passage? (6)The author of the story wants to tell us that . 2．某處細節(jié)的寫作意圖/目的： (1)The author uses...in the first paragraph to . (2)The author uses the example of...to . (3)The author writes the last paragraph in order to . (4)Why does the author m

18、ention...in the first paragraph? 二、解題技巧 1．文體特點推意圖 (1)記敘文：一般會在首段或尾段出現(xiàn)高度概括的總結性的語言，且往往有一定的哲理性，所有的敘述都是圍繞該哲理展開。 (2)廣告類應用文：文章中有對某種物品或服務的詳盡介紹，使用具有明顯支持傾向的語言。 (3)說明文：寫作目的有賴于對文章主旨的把握，閱讀時需要找準主題句。 (4)議論文：提出論點——進行論證——得出結論，作者的意圖往往隱含于最后一部分中。 2．看寫作手法找答案 (1)在文章開頭提出問題或介紹與主題有關的其他事物時答案中往往會含有to bring in/to intro

19、duce the topic等字眼。 (2)舉例或引用某人的話時答案中往往會含有to support/to show... 例如：【感悟體會】中的第4題，文章為議論文，文章先提出論點，再進行論證，最后得出結論，因此通過最后一段所給信息可知文章旨在表明社會關系的重要性。 A (2018·湖南第二次聯(lián)考) In my very first job with some 1archaeologists，I wasn’t digging objects out of the ground，instead I was employed as an artist，drawing what th

20、ey found.However，I was soon more interested in the stories behind the objects than in drawing them and that’s how my career in archaeology started.I still draw what I find in my work as a specialist on the Silk Road，the old trade route running from Egypt to Mongolia，and I also work on some underwate

21、r projects too. In archaeology，my all-time hero is an American called Raphael Pumpelly.I first heard about him when I was a student on a trip to Turkmenistan，a country right in the heart of Asia.To get around the country，I had to learn Russian so that I could speak to the local people.When I got th

22、ere I thought，“Wow! I’m one of the first Americans here！” Then an old man told me about an American archaeologist，Raphael Pumpelly，who was there doing the same thing over 100 years ago. Archaeology’s in my family.My wife’s in the same 2profession，and，although our two boys aren’t interested in the f

23、uture in archaeology themselves，we’ve been on some great digs together and they love what we do because they get to travel with us.Last summer，we took them to Lake Titicaca in South America，in the high areas of the Andes mountain range.My best experience was when I was digging on the Egyptian Red Se

24、a coast.There’s very little rain and it’s so dry that everything is kept as it was.In an old house，where the owner used to store goods from the ships that came in，I picked up a 700-year-old mat in front of the house and there，under it，after all that time，was the house key with the owner’s name carve

25、d on it.It felt like he could be on his way home any minute! And I thought，“Hey，I do just that.This man’s not much different to me！” 語篇解讀　作者在文章中介紹了自己喜歡做考古學家的原因，并講述了自己在各地考古的經(jīng)歷和感受。 1．While working in Egypt，what did the writer find so interesting? A．That people from different centuries could be so

26、 similar. B．The fact that the doormat was in such good condition. C．The way the people managed to live in such a dry place. D．That there had been so much trade in that area. 答案　A 解析　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“My best experience was when I was digging on the Egyptian Red Sea coast.”和此段最后一句可知，作者看見了地墊下的鑰匙，感覺70

27、0年前的那個人就在回家的路上，感覺彼此沒有什么不同。故選A。 2．Which 3entry will the writer probably make in his diary? A．Turkmenistan is interesting.I’m the first American to come here but I’m glad this is my last trip away. B．I have been diving today and found some objects for an exhibition.I’ve just finished drawing them f

28、or my records. C．I wish my children weren’t more interested in archaeology and would not work hard in the open like their parents. D．It’s nearly dark but Raphael’s still busy digging in that old house.He can be very annoying.He thinks he’s the most important person here. 答案　B 解析　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句可

29、知，作者從事畫圖工作，還從事水下工作。B項與畫圖和水下工作有關，故選B。 3．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing the text? A．To describe the life of an archaeologist he admires. B．To persuade people to take up archaeology as a career. C．To explain what he enjoys about being an archaeologist. D．To show how archaeologists wo

30、rk. 答案　C 解析　寫作意圖題。根據(jù)第一段中的“I was soon more interested in the stories behind the objects than in drawing them”可知，作者在文中解釋了自己喜歡做考古學家的原因，故選C。 B Stained glass(彩色玻璃) artists create different designs by making cuts on the glass to “score” it and then breaking off the pattern that they want to use in the

31、 finished product.The most difficult cut in stained glass is called an inside cut.Basically，it’s a curved(彎曲的) line where you throw away the part inside of the curve.The problem with inside cuts is that the edges of the curve tend to break off when the pieces of scored glass are broken apart. As th

32、e artist talked about inside cuts，he said，“The glass will break into pieces if you try to cut too much off at once.The best way to do an inside cut is to 7slice off smaller curves piece-by-piece.In fact，it’s not just the best way to do it，but it’s the only way to do it.” How many times do you try t

33、o make a big change and cut the entire piece at once? We convince ourselves that we can do this all the time.We’ll 4commit to 5transforming our diet overnight or we get inspired to launch a business in a weekend or we finally get motivated to work out and push ourselves to the edge of burning out.

34、Why not approach your goals and dreams like a stained glass artist? Starting by slicing a shallow curve and breaking a small piece off，you cut a slightly deeper curve and break that off until you have your full inside cut.By slowly cutting deeper and deeper curves，you prevent the glass from breaking

35、 as it changes shape. Of course，change isn’t easy—no matter how you do it.Slow gains are boring，but if we keep making small improvements，then pretty soon we will end up with a beautiful masterpiece on our hands instead of a bunch of broken pieces. 語篇解讀　本文是一篇議論文。作者通過講述玻璃藝術家切割玻璃的方式——慢慢地切割不造成玻璃破碎——告訴

36、讀者生活中我們也應該一點點取得進步，最后達成目標，獲得成功。 4．Why is an inside cut believed to be most difficult? A．It needs a one-and-only design. B．It 6calls for nothing but inspiration. C．The edges of the curve break easily. D．The glass inside the curve is easily broken. 答案　C 解析　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句可知，內(nèi)部切割的問題在于，當劃過的玻璃裂開的

37、時候，曲線的邊緣往往會折斷。故選C。 5．What mistakes are easily made according to Paragraph 3? A．Being too eager to make improvements. B．Being too worried about the final outcome. C．Trying to make a complete change all at once. D．Developing to focus on progress instead of achievements. 答案　C 解析　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段前兩句可知

38、，我們很容易犯的錯誤是試圖一次就做出徹底的改變。故選C。 6．What does the author suggest by saying “slicing a shallow curve”？ A．Moving forward with a clear aim. B．Starting slow and improving little by little. C．Developing a new habit with great determination. D．Handling something major first and ignoring the minor part. 答

39、案　B 解析　推理判斷題。根據(jù)上文“Why not approach your goals and dreams like a stained glass artist？”可推斷，作者建議人們要像一個彩色玻璃藝術家一樣接近目標和夢想。結合第一、二段的講述可推斷，畫線句的意思是：慢慢開始，一點點進步，每次一小塊，逐漸稍微大一點直到完全切開整個里面。故選B。 7．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A．To show his love for stained glass. B．To introduce the skill of

40、 an inside cut. C．To appreciate designs of stained glass artists. D．To share his opinions on how to make a change. 答案　D 解析　寫作目的題?？v觀全文可知，最后一段點明了作者的觀點：改變不容易，如果保持小的進步，很快我們會完成我們的杰作而不是滿地碎片。因此推斷本文的寫作目的是為了分享他關于如何做出改變的觀點。故選D。 Ⅰ.障礙詞匯突破 (一)閱讀下列句子，并根據(jù)句意猜測畫線部分的意思 1．The archaeologist has to get special

41、permission to open up the grave.考古學家 2．Although I like singing，I still don’t treat it as my life-long profession.職業(yè) 3．Because there are several files，you need an entry for each one.條目 4．The president is committed to reforming health care.承諾 (二)同義詞語替換 5．They transformed the basement into a readi

42、ng room.changed 6．To be a nurse calls for endurance and patience.needs (三)一詞多義 7．slice n．片，切片，薄片；一份；vt.切下；把……分成部分；將……切成薄片 (1)Try to eat at least four slices of bread a day.薄片 (2)Fiction takes up a large slice of the publishing market.一份 (3)Slice up the onions and add them to the meat.將……切成薄片

43、Ⅱ.長難句理解 1．In an old house，where the owner used to store goods from the ships that came in，I picked up a 700-year-old mat in front of the house and there，under it，after all that time，was the house key with the owner’s name carved on it. [句式分析]　本句話是一個并列復合句，and前的句子的主干部分是簡單句的主謂賓結構；In an old house，wher

44、e the owner used to store goods from the ships that came in，為地點狀語，其中where the owner used to store goods from the ships that came in為定語從句，修飾house；that came in為定語從句，修飾the ships；and后的句子是一個完全倒裝結構，調(diào)整為正常順序后為the house key was there，under it；with the owner’s name carved on it是with復合結構，在此處作定語，修飾the house ke

45、y。 [精美譯文]　在一座舊房子里，它的主人過去常在這兒存放從海上運來的貨物，在這座舊房子里的前面，我撿起了一個有700年歷史的墊子，就是在那，在墊子的下面，過了那么多年，放著上面刻著主人姓名的房子鑰匙。 2．Slow gains are boring，but if we keep making small improvements，then pretty soon we will end up with a beautiful masterpiece on our hands instead of a bunch of broken pieces. [句式分析]　本句話是一個并列復合句

46、，but前的句子的主干部分是簡單句的主系表結構；后面是復合句，含有條件狀語從句。 [精美譯文]　慢慢地收獲是令人厭煩的，但是如果我們連續(xù)不斷地取得進步，那么很快在我們手上就會出現(xiàn)一個美麗的杰作而不是一堆碎片。 專題強化練(二十一) Ⅰ.單項填空 1．No one was hurt in the accident，and we all breathed a sigh of .(2018·宿遷高一期中) A．relief B．surprise C．embarrassment D．disappointment 答案　A 解析　句意為：在事故中沒人受傷，我們都寬

47、慰地松了一口氣。relief輕松，寬慰；surprise驚奇；embarrassment尷尬；disappointment失望。根據(jù)句意，故選A項。 2．Last month，part of Britain was struck by snowstorms，from effects most passengers in Heathrow were suffering a lot，especially those with children. A．which. B．what C．that D．whose 答案　D 解析　句意為：上個月，英國的一部分地區(qū)遭到了暴

48、風雪的襲擊，在Heathrow的大多數(shù)乘客都深受其苦，特別是那些有孩子的人。此處snowstorms是先行詞，與effects有所屬關系，故用whose引導定語從句，whose在從句中作定語，故答案為D。 3．—I wonder what makes you a good salesperson. —I as a waiter for three years，which contributes a lot to my today’s work. A．serve B．have served C．had served D．served 答案　D 解析　句意為：

49、——我想知道什么使你成為一個優(yōu)秀的銷售員?！耶斶^三年的服務員，這對我現(xiàn)在的工作有很大幫助。根據(jù)句意，回答者現(xiàn)在是一名優(yōu)秀的銷售員，做服務員的三年發(fā)生在過去，所以用一般過去時。故選D。 4．It was already late，so when I came to the street，there was nobody . A．in advance B．in turn C．in return D．in sight 答案　D 解析　 句意為：天早已經(jīng)晚了，當我到街上的時候，看不見任何人。in advance 預先，提前； in turn 輪流；in return

50、 作為……回報；in sight 看得見。根據(jù)句意，故選D項。 5．—How long do you expect it before the African can keep the disease under control? —As soon as possible. A．is B．has been C．will be D．will have been 答案　C 解析　句意為：——你預料要過多久之后非洲人才能控制住這一疾病？——盡快。固定句式：It will be ＋一段時間＋before...，多久之后才會……，并由答句“As soon as po

51、ssible.”可知句子用一般將來時態(tài)。故選C。 6．Next door to ours ，who seem to have settled in this community for quite a long time. A．a(chǎn)re living a black couple B．live a black couple C．a(chǎn)re a black couple living D．do a black couple live 答案　B 解析　表示地點的狀語Next door to ours置于句首，且主語為名詞“a black couple”，所以句子要用完全倒裝

52、，完全倒裝一般不出現(xiàn)進行時態(tài)，故選B項。句意為：我們隔壁住著一對黑人夫婦，他們似乎已經(jīng)在這個社區(qū)定居很久了。故選B。 7．—Look at the noisy kids! —Haven’t you heard the saying “ ”？ A．There’s plenty of fish in the sea B．All that glitters is not gold C．When the cat is away，the mice will play D．A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush 答案　C 解析　

53、There’s plenty of fish in the sea天涯何處無芳草；All that glitters is not gold閃光的未必都是金子；When the cat is away，the mice will play山中無老虎，猴子稱霸王；A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush雙鳥在林不如一鳥在手。句意為：——看這些吵鬧的孩子?！銢]聽說過“山中無老虎，猴子稱霸王”嗎？根據(jù)句意可知選C。 8． fired，your health care and other benefits will not be im

54、mediately cut off. A．Would you be B．Should you be C．Could you be D．Might you be 答案　B 解析　句意為：你如果被解雇了，你的醫(yī)療保險和其他的利益不會被立刻取消。本題考查了虛擬語氣的倒裝。如果虛擬語氣的條件從句中的謂語動詞中含有were，had，should；有時可將if省去，而將條件從句的主語置于were，had，should之后，構成倒裝。故選B。 9．How would you like if you were watching your favorite TV program an

55、d someone came into the room and just shut it off without asking you? A．them B．one C．those D．it 答案　D 解析　句意為：如果你正在看最喜愛的電視節(jié)目，這時有人進來沒有征求你的意見就把電視關了，你會怎么想？固定表達how would you like it if...，在此結構中it代替后面if從句的內(nèi)容。 10．After a long vacation，Mike came back . A．freshly and strongly B．being fresh

56、and strong C．fresh and strong D．to be fresh and strong 答案　C 解析　句意為：長假后，麥克回來時精力充沛。作主語補足語，對主語補充說明或對主語狀態(tài)的描述用形容詞。副詞是對動詞的修飾，“精力充沛”是對人而言的，不是對動作“came back”而言的，所以A項錯誤。 Ⅱ.閱讀理解 A El Ni?o，a Spanish term for “the Christ child，” was named by South American fishermen who noticed that the global weather pat

57、tern，which happens every two to seven years，reduced the amount of fishes caught around Christmas.El Ni?o sees warm water，collected over several years in the western Pacific，flow back eastwards when winds that normally blow westwards weaken，or sometimes the other way round. The weather effects，both

58、good and bad，are felt in many places.Rich countries gain more from powerful Ni?os，on balance，than they lose.A study found that a strong Ni?o in 1997-98 helped America’s economy grow by 15 billion，partly because of better agricultural harvests：farmers in the Midwest gained from extra rain.The total r

59、ise in agricultural incomes in rich countries is greater than the fall in poor ones. But in Indonesia extremely dry forests are in flames.A multi-year drought(干旱) in south-east Brazil is becoming worse.Though heavy rains brought about by El Ni?o may relieve the drought in California，they are likely

60、 to cause surface flooding and other disasters. The most recent powerful Ni?o，in 1997-98，killed around 21,000 people and caused damage worth 36 billion around the globe.But such Ni?os come with months of warning，and so much is known about how they happen that governments can prepare.According to th

61、e Overseas Development Institute (ODI)，however，just 12% of disaster-relief funding in the past two decades has gone on reducing risks in advance，rather than recovery and rebuilding afterwards.This is despite evidence that a dollar spent on risk-reduction saves at least two on reconstruction. Simple

62、 improvements to infrastructure(基礎設施) can reduce the spread of disease.Better sewers(下水道) make it less likely that heavy rain is followed by an outbreak of the disease of bad stomach.Stronger bridges mean villages are less likely to be left without food and medicine after floods.According to a paper

63、 in 2011 by Mr Hsiang and co-authors，civil conflict is related to El Ni?o’s harmful effects—and the poorer the country，the stronger the link.Though the relationship may not be causal，helping divided communities to prepare for disasters would at least reduce the risk that those disasters are followed

64、 by killing and wounding people.Since the poorest are least likely to make up for their losses from disasters linked to El Ni?o，reducing their losses needs to be the priority. 語篇解讀　本文是一篇科普說明文。主要介紹的是厄爾尼諾現(xiàn)象名字的得來、影響、危害等相關情況，希望人們對厄爾尼諾現(xiàn)象的發(fā)生做好充分的準備，以減少損失。 11．What can we learn about El Ni?o in Paragrap

65、h 1? A．It is named after a South American fisherman. B．It takes place almost every year all over the world. C．It forces fishermen to stop catching fish around Christmas. D．It sees the changes of water flow direction in the ocean. 答案　D 解析　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句可知，在海洋厄爾尼諾現(xiàn)象發(fā)生時會有洋流的變化。 12．What may El N

66、i?os bring about to the countries affected? A．Agricultural harvests in rich countries fall. B．Droughts become more harmful than floods. C．Rich countries’ gains are greater than their losses. D．Poor countries suffer less from droughts economically. 答案　C 解析　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第二句“Rich countries gain more from powerful Ni?os，on balance，than they lose.”可知，富裕國家因厄爾尼諾得到的東西要比它們失去的多。 13．The data provided by ODI in Paragraph 4 suggest that . A．more investment should go to risk reduction B．gover