《（江蘇專版）2020版高考英語(yǔ)大二輪復(fù)習(xí) 專題3 閱讀理解 第三節(jié) 詞句猜測(cè)題 一 詞義猜測(cè)題學(xué)案 牛津譯林版》由會(huì)員分享，可在線閱讀，更多相關(guān)《（江蘇專版）2020版高考英語(yǔ)大二輪復(fù)習(xí) 專題3 閱讀理解 第三節(jié) 詞句猜測(cè)題 一 詞義猜測(cè)題學(xué)案 牛津譯林版（21頁(yè)珍藏版）》請(qǐng)?jiān)谘b配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。

1、一、詞義猜測(cè)題 (2019·江蘇，B) Inthe1960s，whilestudyingthevolcanichistoryofYellowstoneNationalPark，BobChristiansenbecamepuzzledaboutsomethingthat，oddly，hadnottroubledanyonebefore：hecouldn’tfindthepark’svolcano.IthadbeenknownforalongtimethatYellowstonewasvolcanicinnature—that’swhataccountedforallitshotsprin

2、gsandothersteamyfeatures.ButChristiansencouldn’tfindtheYellowstonevolcanoanywhere. Mostofus，whenwetalkaboutvolcanoes，thinkoftheclassiccone(圓錐體) shapesofaFujiorKilimanjaro，whicharecreatedwheneruptingmagma(巖漿) pilesup.Thesecanformremarkablyquickly.In1943，aMexicanfarmerwassurprisedtoseesmokerisingfrom

3、asmallpartofhisland.Inoneweekhewastheconfusedownerofaconefivehundredfeethigh.Withintwoyearsithadtoppedoutatalmostfourteenhundredfeetandwasmorethanhalfamileacross.AltogethertherearesometenthousandofthesevolcanoesonEarth，allbutafewhundredofthemextinct.Thereis，however，asecondlessknowntypeofvolcanothatd

4、oesn’tinvolvemountainbuilding.Thesearevolcanoessoexplosivethattheyburstopeninasinglebigcrack，leavingbehindavasthole，thecaldera.Yellowstoneobviouslywasofthissecondtype，butChristiansencouldn’tfindthecalderaanywhere. JustatthistimeNASAdecidedtotestsomenewhigh-altitudecamerasbytakingphotographsofYellow

5、stone.Athoughtfulofficialpassedonsomeofthecopiestotheparkauthoritiesontheassumptionthattheymightmakeaniceblow-upforoneofthevisitors’centers.AssoonasChristiansensawthephotos，herealizedwhyhehadfailedtospotthecaldera：almostthewholepark—2.2millionacres—wascaldera.Theexplosionhadleftaholemorethanfortymil

6、esacross—muchtoohugetobeseenfromanywhereatgroundlevel.AtsometimeinthepastYellowstonemusthaveblownupwithaviolencefarbeyondthescaleofanythingknowntohumans. 58.WhatpuzzledChristiansenwhenhewasstudyingYellowstone? A.Itscomplicatedgeographicalfeatures. B.Itsever-lastinginfluenceontourism. C.Themys

7、terioushistoryofthepark. D.Theexactlocationofthevolcano. 答案　D 解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“BobChristiansenbecamepuzzledaboutsomethingthat，oddly，hadnottroubledanyonebefore：hecouldn’tfindthepark’svolcano”可知，BobChristiansen對(duì)黃石國(guó)家公園的火山的準(zhǔn)確位置感到困惑。 59.Whatdoesthesecondparagraphmainlytalkabout? A.Theshapesofvolcano

8、es. B.Theimpactsofvolcanoes. C.Theactivitiesofvolcanoes. D.Theheightsofvolcanoes. 答案　A 解析　段落大意題。根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容尤其是其中的“Mostofus，whenwetalkaboutvolcanoes，thinkoftheclassiccone(圓錐體) shapesofaFujiorKilimanjaro”和“asecondlessknowntypeofvolcanothatdoesn’tinvolvemountainbuilding...avasthole”可知，該段主要講兩類火山的形狀。 6

9、0.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“blow-up”inthelastparagraphmostprobablymean? A.Hot-airballoon. B.Digitalcamera. C.Bigphotograph. D.Bird’sview. 答案　C 解析　詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三段中的“...aniceblow-upforoneofthevisitors’centers.AssoonasChristiansensawthephotos...”可知，thephotos所指的就是前面提及的blow-up，所以推斷blow-up相當(dāng)于photo(photogr

10、aph)，故選C項(xiàng)。 一、題型解讀 詞義猜測(cè)題基本上是閱讀理解中每年必考的題型。詞義猜測(cè)是一種閱讀技巧和能力，主要考查考生在短時(shí)間內(nèi)根據(jù)上下文快速猜測(cè)所指定的某一個(gè)生詞、詞組或者句子含義的能力，而這些生詞和詞組往往都超出考綱范圍，但在文章閱讀中起到一定的作用。由此看來，對(duì)于生詞的理解是否準(zhǔn)確，直接影響著閱讀理解題得分的高低，對(duì)能否取得好的高考成績(jī)有著舉足輕重的作用。 詞義猜測(cè)題的命題方式有： 1.Theword“...”refersto/probablymeans. 2.Theunderlinedword“...”couldbestbereplacedby. 3.Whatdoy

11、outhinktheexpression“...”standsfor? 4.Bysaying“...”wemean. 5.“...”asusedinthepassagecanbestbedefinedas. 6.Whichofthefollowingwordscantaketheplaceoftheword“...”？ 7.Whatdoestheunderlinedword/phrase“...”inParagraph...mean? 8.Theunderlinedword“...”isclosestinmeaningto. 二、解題技巧——巧用線索猜詞義 1.根據(jù)定義、釋義或同

12、位語(yǔ)進(jìn)行猜測(cè) 有些文章，特別是科技說明文，作者通常會(huì)對(duì)一些關(guān)鍵詞或?qū)I(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)下定義，通過閱讀定義和解釋部分，考生便可理解該詞或短語(yǔ)的意思。有時(shí)，需要猜測(cè)的單詞或短語(yǔ)后面會(huì)緊跟一個(gè)同位語(yǔ)，作為對(duì)前面的詞或短語(yǔ)的解釋說明。有時(shí)，文章會(huì)用冒號(hào)、破折號(hào)、括號(hào)等對(duì)某個(gè)詞或短語(yǔ)加以解釋說明。 例如：(2018·江蘇，B)WhenBerlinrestaurantcustomersateindarkness，theycouldn’ttellhowmuchthey’dhad：thosegivenextra-largesharesatemorethaneveryoneelse，butwerenonethewis

13、er—theydidn’tfeelfuller，andtheywerejustasreadyfordessert. 試題：Theunderlinedphrase“nonethewiser”inParagraph3mostprobablyimpliesthatthecustomerswere. A.notawareofeatingmorethanusual B.notwillingtosharefoodwithothers C.notconsciousofthefoodquality D.notfondofthefoodprovided 分析：所猜測(cè)短語(yǔ)nonethewiser后面出

14、現(xiàn)了破折號(hào)來進(jìn)行解釋說明，我們可推知那些被給予大份飯菜的食客比其他人吃得多，但他們沒覺得更飽，這說明在黑暗的就餐環(huán)境下，食客并不清楚自己多吃了多少，所以此處的nonethewiser是“不清楚，不知道”之意。故選A。 2.根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法進(jìn)行猜測(cè) 英語(yǔ)中通過詞根加詞綴或兩個(gè)單詞合成的方式可以構(gòu)成新詞。因此，掌握了一定的構(gòu)詞知識(shí)，再結(jié)合上下文語(yǔ)境，也可以快速猜測(cè)詞義。 例如：Asilenceinaconversationmayalsoshowstubbornness，uneasiness，orworry. 分析：根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法知識(shí)我們可知，un-為否定前綴，-ness為名詞后綴，easy(舒適)為

15、詞根。因此，我們可知uneasiness為“不安；擔(dān)憂”之意。 3.根據(jù)因果關(guān)系進(jìn)行猜測(cè) 在閱讀理解文章的句子或段落中，若兩個(gè)事物或兩種現(xiàn)象之間構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系，這時(shí)我們可以根據(jù)這種因果邏輯關(guān)系推斷詞或短語(yǔ)的含義。表示因果關(guān)系的標(biāo)志詞有because，so，thus，therefore，asaresultof，since，sothat，so/such...that...等。 例如：Mysoncouldnotfollowtheteacher’sdirections，hetoldme，andthus，Scolawasdisruptingtheclass.Didn’theknowmysondidn

16、otspeakEnglishyet? 試題：Whatdoestheunderlinedword“disrupting”inParagraph4probablymean? A.Breaking. B.Following. C.Attending. D.Disturbing. 分析：畫線單詞所在的句子出現(xiàn)了因果關(guān)系標(biāo)志詞thus，由前面的原因“我兒子聽不懂老師的指示”可以推知，“因此，我兒子Scola干擾了課堂秩序”，故選D項(xiàng)。其余三項(xiàng)都不符合這一因果邏輯關(guān)系。 4.根據(jù)同義或近義關(guān)系進(jìn)行猜測(cè) 在畫線單詞或短語(yǔ)前后有時(shí)會(huì)出現(xiàn)與之同義或近義的詞語(yǔ)或結(jié)構(gòu)，它往往暗示了該詞或該短語(yǔ)的含義，這

17、時(shí)可從熟悉的詞語(yǔ)中推知生詞或短語(yǔ)的含義。常見的表示相同或相近意義的詞和短語(yǔ)有and，or，like，aswell，similarly，too，also，either等。 例如：Thefineselectionofthemajorworkswasdoneinclosecollaboration(合作) withtheMuseoNacionalReinaSofiainMadrid，Spain，andwithcontributionsfromotherinstitutionsliketheSalvadorDaliMuseuminSt.Petersburg，F(xiàn)lorida. 試題：Whatdoes

18、theword“contributions”inthelastparagraphreferto? A.Artworks.B.Projects.　C.Donations.D.Documents. 分析：畫線單詞contributions前出現(xiàn)了and，可利用同義或近義關(guān)系進(jìn)行猜測(cè)。and前面提到了thefineselectionofthemajorworks(精選的重要作品)，后面說contributions來自其他機(jī)構(gòu)，由并列關(guān)系可以推斷出contributions應(yīng)該屬于works的范疇。故選A項(xiàng)。 5.根據(jù)反義、轉(zhuǎn)折和對(duì)比關(guān)系進(jìn)行猜測(cè) 有些需要猜測(cè)詞義的詞或短語(yǔ)前后會(huì)出現(xiàn)表示轉(zhuǎn)折或

19、對(duì)比的詞語(yǔ)，運(yùn)用這些詞語(yǔ)也可以幫助猜測(cè)詞義。能體現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)折、對(duì)比關(guān)系的詞匯很多，常見的有but，yet，however，while，unlike，instead (of)，ontheotherhand，ratherthan，onthecontrary等。 例如：Intheevening，ridesareusuallyatamorerelaxedandunhurriedpace，withgoldenlightstreamingacrossthegrassydeltaandtheanimalscomingouttoeatanddrink.Sedatethoughtheyare，ridesatthis

20、timeofdayarestillveryimpressive. 試題：Whatdoestheunderlinedword“sedate”probablymean? A.Wildandromantic. B.Slowandpeaceful. C.Hungryandthirsty. D.Activeandexcited. 分析：畫線詞語(yǔ)所在句子的句意為“雖然它們，但是在一天的這個(gè)時(shí)候騎馬觀賞仍然令人印象非常深刻”。由though可知前后兩句是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，再結(jié)合前一句中提到的“atamorerelaxedandunhurriedpace”可知，應(yīng)選B項(xiàng)，sedate意為“慢悠悠的，安靜的

21、”。 6.根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行猜測(cè) 有些詞義猜測(cè)題找不到以上標(biāo)志線索，這時(shí)可以利用上下文提供的情景和線索進(jìn)行合乎邏輯的綜合分析，進(jìn)而推測(cè)詞義，這也是近幾年來高考考查的熱點(diǎn)。 例如：(2016·全國(guó)Ⅲ，C)Therearealsovarietiesdevelopedtosuitspecificlocalconditions.OneoftheverybestvarietiesforeatingqualityisOrleansReinette，butyou’llneedawarm，shelteredplacewithperfectsoiltogrowit，soit’sapipedreamformos

22、tappleloverswhofallforit. 試題：Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“apipedream”inParagraph3mean? A.Apracticalidea. B.Avainhope. C.Abrilliantplan. D.Aselfishdesire. 分析：由上文中的“OneoftheverybestvarietiesforeatingqualityisOrleansReinette，butyou’llneedawarm，shelteredplacewithperfectsoiltogrowit...”可知，盡管OrleansR

23、einette是很好的品種，但是對(duì)各項(xiàng)條件的要求很高，因此大多數(shù)喜歡它的人種植它的希望會(huì)落空。故選擇B項(xiàng)。 A (2019·如皋市高三二模) Mycollegeexperienceincludedthislife-skillslesson：Drinkalcoholonafullstomach，oryouwillgetinebriatedtooquickly.10Ofcourse，mostcollegestudentsshouldn’tbedrinkingatall，butweknowfromtheNationalInstituteonAlcoholAbuseandAlcoholism

24、thatcloseto60percentofcollegestudentsaged18to22do7consumealcohol，whichmakesharm-reducingapproachesimportant. Unfortunately，campusauthoritiesandresearchersarereportingapracticethatturnsthefull-stomachdrinking2strategyonitshead：ratherthanfillingupbeforeanightofpartying，6significantnumbersofstudentsre

25、fusetoeatalldaybeforeconsumingalcohol. Thisisahigh-riskbehaviorcalled“drunkorexia，”whichisoneparteatingdisorder，onepartalcoholism—averydangerouscombinationforcollege-agestudents.Thetermdrunkorexia，whichcanalsoincludeexcessiveexerciseorpurgingbeforeconsumingalcohol，wascoinedabout10yearsago，anditstar

26、tedshowingupinmedicalresearcharound2012.Drunkorexia9addressestheneedtobethelifeofthepartywhilestayingextremelythin，pointingtoaflawedmind-setaboutbodyimageandalcoholismamongcollegestudents，mostlywomen. Imaginethisscenario：Afemalecollegefreshmandoesn’teatanythingallday，exercisesonanemptystomach，thend

27、ownsfiveshotsoftequilainlessthantwohours.Becausethere’snofoodinhersystemtohelpslowtheabsorptionofalcohol，thoseshotsaffectherrapidly，leadingtoinebriationandpossiblypassingout，vomitingorsufferingalcoholpoisoning.That’sdrunkorexia. TavisGlassman，professorofhealtheducationandpublichealthattheUniversity

28、ofToledoinOhio，researchesdrunkorexiaandworriesaboutscenariossuchastheonedescribedabove：“Withnothinginhersystem，alcoholhitsquickly，andthatbringsupthesame1issuesaswithanyhigh-riskdrinking：gettinghomesafely，sexualassault，unintentionalinjury，fights，hangoversthataffectclassattendanceandgrades，andpossibly

29、endingupinemergencybecausethealcoholhitssohard，”hesays. “Alcoholcannegativelyaffecttheliverorgastrointestinalsystem，itcaninterferewithsleep，lowertheimmunesystemandislinkedtoseveraltypesofcancers，”Hultinsays. 語(yǔ)篇解讀　本文為說明文。本文敘述了作者對(duì)大學(xué)生空腹飲酒趨勢(shì)的擔(dān)憂。根據(jù)研究的數(shù)據(jù)表明，大學(xué)生有一種錯(cuò)誤的做法：在派對(duì)狂歡飲酒前拒絕進(jìn)食，空腹飲酒既解決了生活中參加派對(duì)的需要，也保持

30、了身材苗條的需要(尤其是女性)。其實(shí)“空腹飲酒”會(huì)讓酒精快速進(jìn)入人體，對(duì)肝臟或胃腸道系統(tǒng)產(chǎn)生負(fù)面影響。 1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“inebriated”inParagraph1mean? A.Excited. B.Overwhelmed. C.Addicted. D.Drunk. 答案　D 解析　詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)“Mycollegeexperienceincludedthislife-skillslesson：Drinkalcoholonafullstomach，oryouwillgetinebriatedtooquickly.”可知，應(yīng)飽著肚子喝酒

31、，否則的話，你會(huì)很快“喝醉的”。下文多處敘述“空腹飲酒易喝醉”，由此可推知畫線詞的意思為“喝醉的”。故選D。 2.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat. A.alargenumberofcollegestudentsspendmostoftheirnightspartying B.somecollegestudentsrefusetoeatbeforedrinkingalcoholtokeepslim C.thereisadirectlinkbetweenbodyimageandconsumingalcohol D.femalecollegestudentismo

32、relikelytobehurtifshedrinksalcohol 答案　B 解析　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句“空腹飲酒既解決了生活中參加派對(duì)的需要，也保持了身材苗條的需要，指出的是大學(xué)生(女性居多)對(duì)于身體形象和酗酒風(fēng)氣的錯(cuò)誤心態(tài)?！庇纱丝傻贸?，一些大學(xué)生為了保持苗條，在喝酒前不吃東西。分析選項(xiàng)可知B項(xiàng)符合題意。 3.WhichofthefollowingmayTavisGlassmanagreewith? A.Withmorefoodinone’ssystem，hemaysufferfromtheeffectsofalcoholslowly. B.Drinkingfives

33、hotsoftequilainlessthantwohoursistheperformanceofdrunkorexia. C.Thosewhodon’tattendclassesandhavelowergradestendtobeaddictedtoalcohol. D.Alcoholhasnegativeeffectsontheimmunesystemandmayleadtoseveralcancers. 答案　A 解析　推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“TavisGlassman...researchesdrunkorexiaandworriesaboutscenariossuchas

34、theonedescribedabove：“Withnothinginhersystem，alcoholhitsquickly，...”可知，TavisGlassman認(rèn)為“她的身體系統(tǒng)中沒有任何東西，酒精進(jìn)入身體會(huì)很快發(fā)作，……”由此可推斷出，“由于一個(gè)人的身體里有更多的食物，他受到酒精的影響可能會(huì)慢”，分析選項(xiàng)可知A項(xiàng)正確。 B (2019·如皋市高三三模) AreCoralReefs(珊瑚礁)AdaptingtoClimateChange? Scientistsreportedthatclimatechangemightactuallybehelping3ancienttre

35、esthrive(長(zhǎng)得健壯).Nowthereseemstobemorepositivenews—thistimeaboutthecoralinouroceanswhosepopulationhasbeenseverelyaffectedinlastfewdecadesbyrisingtemperatures，diseaseandhumancarelessness. Coralreefsasyouprobablyknowarenotjustcolorfulcalciumcarbonate(鈣碳酸鹽)structuresthatprovidesheltertoawonderfulnumbero

36、ffish，butalsoacloserelationshiporpartnershipbetweencoralpolyps(珊瑚蟲) andsingle-celledlivingthingscalledzooxanthellae(蟲黃藻).Thecoralpolypsgivethezooxanthellaeahomeandinreturnthelaterprovidethecoralpolypswiththeirvividcolorandfood.Theysupporteachotherinafantasticbalance，onethatisgettingseverelydamagedby

37、therisingtemperatureswhicharecausingthecoralpolypstorejecttheirzooxanthellaefriends，removingtheircolorandfoodsource. Scientistsestimatethephenomenonofrisingtemperaturescombinedwithdiseasehasdestroyedthecoralreefpopulationbymorethan80%.Itisthereforenowonderthatscientistsallovertheworldarelookingfors

38、olutionstotrytorestorethisallimportantlinktosealife.11However，whilehumaneffortslikeplantingthecoralagainhavebeensomewhatsuccessful，theyarenotenoughtoreplaceallthecoralthathasbeendyingduetoclimatechange.Thatisprobablywhyreportsbyvariousresearchersaboutcertaintypesofcoralbeingabletonotonlysurvivethech

39、angingoceanconditions，butalsothriveinit，arebeingmetwithsuchenthusiasm.Themostrecentfindingsshowthatdespitehighertemperaturesthecoralreefsseemtobethriving. Thesefindingsare4consistentwiththelabresearchconductedbythescientistswhotriedgrowingdifferent8varietiesofcoralinwaterswithhighertemperaturetosee

40、howtheywouldreact.Theyweresurprisedtodiscoverthatmostofthemsurvivedandsomeseemedtoadaptandgrownormally.Encouragedbytheseandothersimilarfindings，moreenergeticspecieshavebeenintroducedtoseeifcoralreefscanberestoredtotheirformerglory.Aprogramisbusyanalyzingtheworld’soceanstofindmorevarietiesthatcanbeus

41、edforthissamepurpose. However，wearenotoutofthewoodsyet! Scientistsarestillnotsurehowtheywouldintroducethesevarietiestoareaswheretheyarenotabundantandmoreimportantlywhattheconsequenceswouldbeonthesurroundingsealife.Hopefully，the5combinationofnewscientificresearchandfewerhumanmistakeswillallowourbeau

42、tifulcoraltothriveagain! 語(yǔ)篇解讀　這是一篇說明文。文章主要講了實(shí)驗(yàn)表明，通過引入更有活力的物種，珊瑚礁有望恢復(fù)昔日的輝煌。 4.Whichwordcanbeusedtocompletethefollowingrelationship? Coralreefsareabridgebetweencoralpolypsandzooxanthellae. →Coralpolypsandzooxanthellaedependononeanother. →Thebetweencoralpolypsandzooxanthellaeissufferingfromsever

43、edamage. A.home B.structure C.balance D.color 答案　C 解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句“Theysupporteachotherinafantasticbalance，onethatisgettingseverelydamagedbytherisingtemperatureswhicharecausingthecoralpolypstorejecttheirzooxanthellaefriends，removingtheircolorandfoodsource.”可知，珊瑚蟲和黃藻之間的平衡正遭受嚴(yán)重破壞，故選C。 5.Theund

44、erlinedwordsinParagraph4mean. A.toallowcoralreefstothriveagain B.tofindmorevarietiesofcoral C.tosurvivethechangingoceanconditions D.toseehowcoralreactsinhighertemperature 答案　A 解析　詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫線詞所在句及其前一句可知，“thissamepurpose”指的是讓珊瑚礁重新繁榮起來，故選A。 6.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat. A.climatechangehasthesa

45、meeffectonbothancienttreesandcoral B.re-plantingthecoralcansolvetheproblemofcoralreefs’decrease C.variousresearchersareinterestedinthereportsonthechangingoceanconditions D.thelabresearchhasencouragedscientiststorestorecoralreefstotheirformerglory 答案　D 解析　推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句“Hopefully，thecombinatio

46、nofnewscientificresearchandfewerhumanmistakeswillallowourbeautifulcoraltothriveagain！”可推斷出，這項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)室研究鼓勵(lì)科學(xué)家們恢復(fù)珊瑚礁昔日的輝煌，故選D。 Ⅰ.障礙詞匯突破 (一)閱讀下列句子，并根據(jù)句意猜測(cè)畫線部分的意思 1.Whatshouldourmarketingstrategyhaveachieved？策略 2.Akeyissueforhighereducationinthe1990’sistheneedforgreaterdiversityofcourses.議題 3.Eachoneo

47、ftheseancienttownsisverybeautiful.古代的；古老的 4.Newgoalsarenotalwaysconsistentwiththeexistingpolicies.一致的 5.Histreatmentwasacombinationofsurgery，radiationanddrugs.結(jié)合 (二)同義詞語(yǔ)替換 6.Theelevator’sroleinAmericanhistoryhasbeennolesssignificantthanthatofcars.important 7.Afterarrivinghome，heconsumedalltheco

48、okies.ateup 8.Thecluboffersvarietiesofgamestothelocalteenagers.differentkindsof (三)一詞多義 9.addressn.地址；通訊處；演講vt.在……上面寫上地址；對(duì)……演講/演說/說話；稱呼；設(shè)法解決；處理 (1)Pleaseaddresstheletterforme.v.寫上地址 (2)IwassurprisedwhenheaddressedmeinfluentEnglish.v.對(duì)……說話 (3)Don’tworry.Theyaretryingtoaddresstheproblem.v.設(shè)法解決，處

49、理 (4)Thepresidentdeliveredanaddressovertheradio.n.演講 Ⅱ.長(zhǎng)難句理解 10.Ofcourse，mostcollegestudentsshouldn’tbedrinkingatall，butweknowfromtheNationalInstituteonAlcoholAbuseandAlcoholismthatcloseto60percentofcollegestudentsaged18to22doconsumealcohol，whichmakesharm-reducingapproachesimportant. [句式分析]　本句是一

50、個(gè)but連接的并列句，在第二個(gè)分句中that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句；后面的which引導(dǎo)一個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。 [精美譯文]　當(dāng)然，大多數(shù)大學(xué)生根本不應(yīng)當(dāng)飲酒，但是我們從全國(guó)酒精濫用和酒精中毒研究所得知，接近60%的18到22周歲的大學(xué)生確實(shí)飲酒，這使得減少酒精傷害的方法很重要。 11.However，whilehumaneffortslikeplantingthecoralagainhavebeensomewhatsuccessful，theyarenotenoughtoreplaceallthecoralthathasbeendyingduetoclimatechange. [句式分析]　本句

51、是一個(gè)復(fù)合句。while引導(dǎo)一個(gè)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“盡管，雖然”；that引導(dǎo)一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾coral。 [精美譯文]　盡管人們的一些像重新種植珊瑚的努力取得了些許成功，但它們不足以取代所有因氣候變化而瀕臨滅絕的珊瑚。 強(qiáng)化練(二十二) Ⅰ.單項(xiàng)填空 1.Historicsitesimpresswriterswiththeiramazingbeauty，whichareagreatsourceof.(2019·鎮(zhèn)江高三一模) A.inspiration B.composition C.occupation D.combination 答案　A 解析　句意為：作家們因歷史遺跡

52、驚人的美而震驚，這是靈感的源泉。inspiration靈感；composition作品，成分；occupation職業(yè)；combination聯(lián)合。 2.Theywithjoywhentheyheardthattheirclasswonthefirstplaceintherelayrace.(2019·徐州淮安連云港一模) A.pickedup B.splitup C.tookup D.sprangup 答案　D 解析　句意為：當(dāng)聽到班級(jí)在接力賽獲得第一名時(shí)，他們高興地跳了起來。springupwithjoy高興地跳了起來。 3.Thespokesman’sremarkshelpc

53、larifyanstatementissuedearlierthisweek.(2019·揚(yáng)州高三期末) A.ambiguous B.ambitious C.arbitrary D.authentic 答案　A 解析　ambiguous模糊不清的，模棱兩可的；ambitious有野心的；arbitrary武斷的；authentic真正的。句意為：這位發(fā)言人的講話有助于澄清這個(gè)星期早些時(shí)候發(fā)表的一份模棱兩可的聲明。根據(jù)“clarify”判斷此處表示“模棱兩可的”，故A項(xiàng)正確。 4.theFrenchandtheirrevolutionspirit，manycountrieshavech

54、osentousethesamecoloursontheirflags.(2019·常州高三一模) A.Intermsof B.Incaseof C.Inresponseto D.Insaluteto 答案　D 解析　句意為：許多國(guó)家用與法國(guó)國(guó)旗相同的顏色是為了向法國(guó)和他們的改革精神致敬。故選D。intermsof在……方面；incaseof萬(wàn)一；inresponseto為了回應(yīng)……；insaluteto向……致敬。 5.Justastrustisthekeytoallrelationships，istrusttheglueoforganizations. A.butB.so　C.

55、andD.yet 答案　B 解析　考查倒裝句。but/yet表轉(zhuǎn)折，連接兩個(gè)有轉(zhuǎn)折意義的句子，而這里沒有轉(zhuǎn)折意味；so和前半句的“justas...”形成“justas...so”這一固定句式結(jié)構(gòu)。 6.Whenthecoachwasarrestedfordrunkendriving，thestudentsrealizedthattheirherohad. A.coldfeet B.hisfingerineverypie C.feetofclay D.thewisdomofSolomon 答案　C 解析　考查諺語(yǔ)、俗語(yǔ)。coldfeet懦夫，喪失勇氣的人；hisfingeri

56、neverypie無(wú)論什么事都要插一腳；feetofclay一個(gè)人的弱點(diǎn)；thewisdomofSolomon所羅門的智慧。句意為：當(dāng)教練因酒后駕駛被捕時(shí)，學(xué)生們才意識(shí)到他們心目中的英雄也是有缺點(diǎn)的。故選C。 7.Thegreatcontributorsinlifearethosewho，afraidoftheknockatthedoor，stillanswerit. A.if B.since C.though D.unless 答案　C 解析　考查連詞。句意為：生活中最大的貢獻(xiàn)者是那些雖然害怕有人敲門，但仍然去開門的人。由句意知，空處表示讓步。故選C。 8.TheHongKong

57、-Zhuhai-MacauBridge(HZMB)，isa55-kilometre-bridge-tunnelsystemofcable-stayedbridges，anunderseatunnel，andfourartificialislands. A.consisted B.havingconsisted C.consisting D.beingconsisted 答案　C 解析　考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。consistof沒有被動(dòng)，排除A、D。句意為：港珠澳大橋全長(zhǎng)55公里，由斜拉橋、海底隧道和四個(gè)人工島嶼組成。分析句子可知，此處為現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)。故選C。 9.Pollution

58、hasalreadydestroyedmuchoftheEarth.Onlybychangingwelivecanwesaveourplanet. A.where B.how C.what D.why 答案　B 解析　考查名詞性從句。句意為：污染已經(jīng)摧毀了地球的大部分。只有改變我們的生活方式，我們才能拯救地球。這里指改變我們的生活方式，應(yīng)用how，故選B。 10.Afteryearsofwonderinghowtheidlerichgotevenricher，wecrackedthemillionaire’scode，secretissimple：Don’tspendapenny

59、ifyoudon’thaveto. A.which B.that C.whose D.what 答案　C 解析　分析句子可知，此處為定語(yǔ)從句，themillionaire’scode是先行詞，在后面的定語(yǔ)從句中作定語(yǔ)。故選C。 Ⅱ.閱讀理解 A (2019·江蘇高三五校聯(lián)考) Itisthattimeoftheyearagain.Upanddownthecountry，thousandsofstudentsstayinthelibrary，attemptingtocram(死記硬背) theinformationnecessarytogetthroughfinals.Iamon

60、eofthem—aCambridgefinalist，attemptingtodealwiththeOxbridgestressintheonlywayIknow：caffeinehitsandreclusion(隱遁生活).WhetheryouloveorhateOxbridge，thefactthatthesetwouniversitiesprovideuniquelearningenvironmentsissomethingofadouble-edgedsword.Ontheonehand，studentshaveaccesstosomeofthebesteducationinthewo

61、rld；ontheotherhand，thepressurethatcomeswiththiscanprovedamagingtothemandcan’tbesweptunderthecarpetfortheyhavetofaceiteventually. ManyCambridgestudentsfindthemselvestrappedinapressureofexpectation，whetherthiscomesfromtheirsupervisorsortutors，theirdirectorofstudiesorevenfromthemselves.Thedrivetowards

62、achievementiseitherthekeytosuccessortopossibleseriouspersonalissues，asMarkPhippen，headoftheUniversityofCambridge’sCounsellingServicesaid，“ThereareplentyofperfectionistsinCambridge，butitcanworktwoways：itcanpushthemtoaccomplishandtoachieve，oritcangetoutofhand，disablingthem.” Manystudentssaythattheyca

63、n’thandleitanymorewhileworkingincertainlibrarieswhicharefilledwithotherstudentshardatwork.Thecompetitionandparanoia(多疑) aremorecommonthanwhatwerealizeorquestion：youcanfeelasifyouarebeingjudgedforhowmuchtimeyouspendonFacebookor，orhowlittletimeyouspendreading. Toomanystudentsfeelalmostfrustratedbythe

64、pressuretoachievebutfeelunabletospeakaboutit.Aseveryoneseemstobecoping，theymustalsopretendtocopetoo.Theonlythingstudentshave：tutorsandsupervisorsregularlyencouragestudentstoavoidextracurricularactivities，urgingthemtofocusontheirstudiestosuchanextentthatmanyfindithardtohandleit.OnecurrentCwebsite，whi

65、chdetailswhoisinvolvedincertainplayseachterm—justincaseitaffectsthestudent’sworkoutput. Problemsarisewhenthepressureproducesmentalhealthissues.ProblemshavebeenbroughttoattentioninarticlesprimarilyfromOxford’sCherwellandCambridge’sTheTab.TheattentionhasmadetheCambridgeUniversityStudentUnionsetupStud

66、entsDeserveBetter—acampaigntohandlecomplaintsaboutsupervisorsandtutorslackingtheabilitytoprovideproperspiritualsupport.“WhenItoldmysupervisoraboutmyproblemswithanxietyandthereforeaboutmyworriessurroundingtheworkloadshewassuggesting，shesaidthatIwouldprobablyfeellessanxiousoncetheworkwasdone，”afinaliststudentcalledJanesaid.“Itshouldn’tbeanacceptedresponseinoneofth