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1、2022年高一英語 Book3 Module4 Sandstorms in Asia Grammar學(xué)案
語法:動(dòng)詞不定式
一、 動(dòng)詞不定式的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)
1.一般式( ):表示
I hope to go to Shanghai.
2.進(jìn)行式( ):表示
He pretended to be reading when his mother came into his room.
2、
3.完成式( ):表示
I am sorry to have kept you waiting so long.
4.一般被動(dòng)式( ):表示
I am lucky to be asked to speak here.
5.完成被動(dòng)式( ):表示
The room seemed to have been brok
3、en into.
小結(jié):動(dòng)詞不定式的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)關(guān)鍵要弄清不定式所表示的動(dòng)作和句子謂語動(dòng)詞所表示動(dòng)作的時(shí)間先后順序以及動(dòng)詞不定式和句子主語、賓語或所修飾詞的關(guān)系。
二、 動(dòng)詞不定式的用法
1.動(dòng)詞不定式作主語
動(dòng)詞不定式作主語,謂語動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)。既可放于句首,也可使用it作形式主語,而將其置于句末。
To ask him for help is necessary.= It is necessary to ask him for help.
2.動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語
(1)動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語有兩種情況:一種是及物動(dòng)詞后直接跟帶to的不定式;另一種是“及物動(dòng)詞+疑問
4、詞+帶to的不定式”。
I wonder what to do next.
(2)believe,think,consider,feel,make等動(dòng)詞可用于“動(dòng)詞+it+adj./n.+to do sth.”句型,其中使用it作形式賓語,而將真正的賓語,即動(dòng)詞不定式置于句末。
I consider it necessary to make friends with them.
3.動(dòng)詞不定式作表語
當(dāng)表語是動(dòng)詞不定式時(shí),主語也只能是動(dòng)詞不定式,即主語和表語結(jié)構(gòu)要一致或?qū)ΨQ。
To see is to believe.
4.動(dòng)詞不定式作定語
動(dòng)詞不
5、定式作定語,它與所修飾的名詞或代詞可能是主謂關(guān)系,也可能是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。常用在the first,the second,the last,the only和最高級(jí)后面作定語。
He was the last one to leave school yesterday.
We have much homework to do everyday.
5.動(dòng)詞不定式作賓補(bǔ)
在感官動(dòng)詞feel,hear,notice...及使役動(dòng)詞have,make,let后的賓語補(bǔ)足語省略to,變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí),必須要加上to。
My teacher made me do the experi
6、ment alone.=I was made the experiment alone.
6.動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語
動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語,可表示目的、原因、結(jié)果等。
I got up early in order to /so as to catch the first bus.( )
He hurried to the post office, only to find it closed.( )
I am glad to see you here.( )
三、 but+不定式
(1)在介詞but前有實(shí)意動(dòng)詞do的某種形式時(shí),其后不定式一般不帶to,反之則必須帶to,表示“不得不,只能”。
(2)構(gòu)成固定結(jié)構(gòu),如cannot help but(只能),cannot choose but(別無選擇,只能),cannot but(不得不),do nothing but,have nothing to do but(只有,只能)。這些結(jié)構(gòu)中,but后接不帶to的不定式。
練習(xí):I did nothing but (watch)TV last night.
I had no choice but (wait).