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1、會計(jì)學(xué)1新視野大學(xué)英語第三新視野大學(xué)英語第三ection AOur task must be to free ourselves from this prison by widening our circle of compassion to embrace all living creatures and the whole of nature in its beauty. Albert Einstein8UNITI am in favor of animal rights as well as human rights. That is the way of a whole human b

2、eing. Abraham Lincoln第1頁/共98頁8UNITAnimals or children ? A scientists choice To talk about animal researchTo further understand the textTo apply the phrases and patternsTo master the essay writing skill第2頁/共98頁Warming-up activities Text study Language application SummarySection A 第3頁/共98頁Warming-up a

3、ctivitiesSection A 第4頁/共98頁1. Did you have a pet before? How did you treat your pet?As your best friend and family memberTake good care of them even they were sickNever abandoned or ignored when they are getting older Short answer questions第5頁/共98頁2. Should animals be treated in the same way as huma

4、n beings? Should scientific experiments use animals to develop medicines to help and heal human beings? What do you think about the experiments on animals?Cursed, cruel and non-humanitarian experiment To help and heal human beingsTo help people get rid of painTo develop the medical researchShort ans

5、wer questions第6頁/共98頁1. How did the American treat animals?2. What is PETA?Listen to a talk about animal protection and discuss the questions.第7頁/共98頁1. How did the American treat animals?To spend thousands of millions of dollars every year; On animal food, health care, equipment and toys;Care so de

6、eply for them;Brave the disaster to stay with themAnimal welfare organizations provide services第8頁/共98頁2. What is PETA?An animal rights organization;For the ethical treatment of animals; The headquarters in Norfolk,Virginia; To save and improve the lives of millions of animals;The largest animal rig

7、hts group in the world第9頁/共98頁This is the VOA Special English Education Report.Listen to a short passage concerning animal medical research and fill in the missing information.To be continuedPETA disapproves of the use of animals for _. But many research scientists say this position could prevent de

8、velopment of treatments and cures for serious and _. medical researchdeadly diseases第10頁/共98頁To be continued Wesley Smith is a lawyer allied with the Discovery Institute, a _educational group. He has written extensively about science and _. Mister Smith points to the Silver Spring Monkey Case as an

9、example of _ policy. Last year, he wrote on the subject for the online publication of the National Review. His article was called A Monkey for Your Grandmother. Listen to a short passage concerning animal medical research and fill in the missing information.nonprofitethicsharmful第11頁/共98頁To be conti

10、nuedHe noted the _ of victims of Alzheimers disease. This disease _ mainly older people. It steals their ability to think and care for themselves. Animals are often used in research on such _. Listen to a short passage concerning animal medical research and fill in the missing information. suffering

11、strikesbrain disease第12頁/共98頁 The American Veterinary Medical Association is an organization of doctors who care for animals. The A.V.M.A. agrees with some _ taken by animal rights groups. But the association also says it cannot accept policies that conflict with what it calls _ animal use for human

12、 purposes. Listen to a short passage concerning animal medical research and fill in the missing information.positionsresponsible第13頁/共98頁Questions Previewing1. What is the animal research? And why?2. Why did animal rights activists ban on animal testing?3. Why did physician scientists conduct the an

13、imal experiments?Animal research第14頁/共98頁1.What is the animal research? And why?To use animals in experiments;To research the new drugs;To improve the success rate of surgeries;To keep the people healthy and happy;To help the patients and dying people Animal research第15頁/共98頁2. Why did animal rights

14、 activists ban on animal testing?Cruel and inhumane, animals should be free;Unreliable, different between people and animals; Computers can also be programmed ; Break the ecological balance.Animal research第16頁/共98頁3. Why did physician scientists conduct the animal experiments?To relieve the eternal

15、suffering of people;To understand the process and test new therapies;Most experiments on human beings will fail;To accelerate the process of medical research;The research of simulated effects on computer is of little value Animal research第17頁/共98頁 Text studySection A 第18頁/共98頁According to the text,

16、why did the author become a childrens doctor? (Para.1) love and supreme desire to keep them healthy and draw the author to medical research.The text is an _, the purpose of which is to convince readers by using good _ and strong _. The author, through writing this essay, argues for his rightfulness

17、of doing _. argumentative essay reasons evidence animal research 第19頁/共98頁P(yáng)art I (Para. 1)The author was _of being cruel to animals since his top desire is only to keep children healthy with _based on _. wrongly accused medical advances animal research 第20頁/共98頁For career advancement Tortuer innocen

18、t animalsNo moral compassdevilHow did animal rights activists describe the researchers? (Para.2)Response?accuse第21頁/共98頁What did physician scientists do? (Para.3)ResponseBeliefBe unbelievably uncaringAllow them to creep in“animal fraud” and hatredPersist in our beliefImportance of animal research fo

19、r public healthWhat Should be done?Respond to the emotional tone by第22頁/共98頁P(yáng)art II Paras. 2-3This part unfolds the current situation of animal-rights movement. Firstly, animal rights protectors distort the truth by accusing the physician. The author also criticizes the indifference of the public, s

20、enators and even the people who worked in the medical field.第23頁/共98頁To Leave medical research standstill Most of experiments on human beings will fail What are the first three reasons to relieve the eternal suffering of human beings ? (Para.4)To improve and test new therapies on animal research Rea

21、sons (3)第24頁/共98頁 The optional fourth choice by computer imitation (Para. 5)Advice?Possible benefits? Can computer model exchange the actual experiments ? computer models which suggested by animal rights activists are of little value.第25頁/共98頁 What are the terrifying effects of arresting the animal

22、research? (Para.6)Drugs to cure infections will remain undiscovered.Surgical and diagnostic techniques will be developed.Fundamental biological processes will remain mysteries. undeveloped.第26頁/共98頁What results did animal research help us to achieve ?(Para.7)To fight against the serious sicknesses,

23、such as _, _ and _.To operate the most complex surgical procedures, such as _ and _.heart disease high blood pressure stroke heart or hip surgery organ transplantation surgeries第27頁/共98頁P(yáng)art III Paras. 4-7As the main part of the essay, it provides compelling reasons to justify the necessity of doing

24、 animal research. It emphasizes why doing animal research is so indispensable, and warns that stopping animal research will cause significantly negative effects.第28頁/共98頁How about the present situation of human beings in American today ?(Para.8)People are overprotection from the reality of human lif

25、e and death and what it means. They are more concerned about animals and so little for sick and dying human beings.第29頁/共98頁What is the authors attitude ?(Para.9)We should arouse the majority to protect the future of animal research, and oppose the misdirected minority.第30頁/共98頁P(yáng)art (Paras.8-9) conc

26、lusion of the essayThe author is trying to make his _ be heard and also his most worried concern. He urges the public to _ put an end to the nightmare to cease animal research.final appealtake actions to第31頁/共98頁 I am wrongly accused of doing animal research since my top desire is only to keep child

27、ren healthy with medical advances based on animal research. (Para. 1)Introduction 第32頁/共98頁 Animal rights activists distort my medical research and accuse me of being a physician without moral limits. (Paras. 2-3)Introduction Current situation of the animal-rights movement第33頁/共98頁Introduction Curre

28、nt situation of the animal-rights movementReasons to justify the necessity of animal researchTo relieve the eternal suffering of human among the possible three reasons. (para.4)The optional 4th choice from animal activists is using computer model, but its of no value (Para. 5)The terrifying effects

29、of arresting animal research will only be felt years or decades later. (Para. 6)Our current combat abilities against sickness are mostly based on previous animal research. (Para. 7)第34頁/共98頁Introduction Current situation of the animal-rights movementReasons to justify the necessity of animal researc

30、hConclusion第35頁/共98頁Human rights vs. animal rightsI am wrongly _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ of doing animal research since my _ is only to keep children healthy based on animal research. Although the animal-rights activists _ the truth. The politicians give in to the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ of animal rights advo

31、cates, even the people working in the medical field let animal rights activists _. twistaccusedsupreme desireTo be continuedcreep inlobbying第36頁/共98頁They _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _the issue as one of “_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _” and_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _. To relieve the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ of human b

32、eings, animal research is the best choice to understand the process and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _, more than that hoping accidental discoveries will _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _. Whats more, the optional fourth choice is _ the animal experiments by computer model. Its _. m

33、ove us forwardhatredanimal fraudtest new therapiesof little valueTo be continuedframeeternal suffering imitate第37頁/共98頁The studies what are along with subsequent _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ will actually end if animal research is severely _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _. I would never _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ needle

34、ss cruel treatment of animals. the real question _ the importance of the _ and protect its future.advancesrestrictedadvocateis aware of animal experiment 第38頁/共98頁1. tip the scales使天平（向某人或物）傾斜 2. have relevance to 與有關(guān)3. creep in漸漸影響，逐漸改變 4. in the name of 以的名義5. make a contribution作貢獻(xiàn)6. be / become

35、aware of 意識到；明白；知道7. isolate sb. / sth. from 與隔離；孤立 第39頁/共98頁使天平（向某人或物）傾斜 (Personality / talent / kindness / quirkiness / tip the scales) Personality, talent, kindness, and maybe even quirkiness, may tip the scales. tip the scales短語逆譯短語應(yīng)用人格，才藝，親和力，甚至于奇謀詭詐的手段，都有可能成為加重分量的砝碼。意群提示第40頁/共98頁與有關(guān)(latest fin

36、dings/ to a great extent)The researchers hope the latest findings will have relevance to people to a great extent. have relevance to短語逆譯短語應(yīng)用研究者們希望這些最新發(fā)現(xiàn)和人類有很大的關(guān)聯(lián)。意群提示第41頁/共98頁漸漸影響，逐漸改變 (feelings o f uncertainty and doubt)When feelings of uncertainty and doubt start to creep in, I face those feelings

37、 directly and ask myself how can I learn from this to better myself?creep in短語逆譯短語應(yīng)用當(dāng)不確定感和疑惑開始逐漸侵襲，我直面那些感覺，然后問自己，我怎樣才能從這些感覺中獲得更多收獲？意群提示第42頁/共98頁以的名義(in the name of / democracy ) Soldiers in the name of democracy, let us all unite!in the name of 短語逆譯短語應(yīng)用戰(zhàn)士們以民主的名義，讓我們團(tuán)結(jié)起來！意群提示第43頁/共98頁作貢獻(xiàn) ( make a con

38、tribution to ) Everyone should make a contribution to protecting the environment. make a contribution短語逆譯短語應(yīng)用每個人都應(yīng)該為保護(hù)環(huán)境做貢獻(xiàn)。 意群提示第44頁/共98頁意識到；明白；知道(heart disease / be aware of)The researchers say if people want to avoid heart disease, they should be more aware of how much sugar is in their food. be

39、/ become aware of 短語逆譯短語應(yīng)用研究人員表示：人們?nèi)绻胍A(yù)防心臟病，就應(yīng)該更加清楚的認(rèn)識到食物中的含糖量。意群提示第45頁/共98頁與隔離；孤立 (for the sake of / isolate from) For the sake of the safety of all, this patient should be isolated from other patients. 短語逆譯短語應(yīng)用為了大家的安全，這個病人應(yīng)該與其他病人隔離開。 意群提示isolate sb. / sth. from第46頁/共98頁1. When sth. is in question

40、, as is the case with , sth. is of little value. 用于表達(dá)“某人在特定身份下做某事的感受”。2. There is the danger that , while 用于表達(dá)“某種情況可能導(dǎo)致的嚴(yán)重后果”。 3. The question is whether but 用于表達(dá)“人們應(yīng)該面對的真正問題”。第47頁/共98頁當(dāng)原理本身有問題時，就跟正處于研究階段的復(fù)雜的生物系統(tǒng)的情況一樣，僅靠計(jì)算機(jī)模擬的成效甚微。原句譯文原句譯文逆譯練習(xí)逆譯練習(xí)When the principles themselves are in question, as is

41、 the case with the complex biological systems of human life under study, computer modeling alone is of little value. 句型提煉句型提煉第48頁/共98頁When sth. is in question, as is the case with, sth is of little value. 句型提煉句型提煉應(yīng)用提示應(yīng)用提示用于表達(dá)“當(dāng)某事有問題時，跟某種情況一樣 ”句型應(yīng)用句型應(yīng)用第49頁/共98頁典型例句當(dāng)人們自身意識比較淡薄時，就像目前汽車市場高居不下的購買數(shù)量，僅靠政府出

42、臺的環(huán)保政策收效甚微。意群提示W(wǎng)hen the peoples own consciousness is in question, as is the case with the high purchases of auto market, depending only on the environmental protection policy of the government is of little value. (own consciousness / depend on / environmental protection policy ) 第50頁/共98頁危險的是，那些善意的政

43、治家匆忙作出決定，策略性地滿足了那小部分大聲疾呼的示威者，這只是權(quán)宜之計(jì)，而這些決定的后果和造成的破壞性影響要很久才會顯現(xiàn)。原句譯文原句譯文逆譯練習(xí)逆譯練習(xí)There is the danger that quick decisions by well-meaning politicians will create resolutions to diplomatically satisfy the small minority of loud protestors while the consequences and damaging impact of those decisions wil

44、l not be apparent until long after.句型提煉句型提煉第51頁/共98頁There is the danger / risk that, while 句型提煉句型提煉應(yīng)用提示應(yīng)用提示用于表達(dá)“由于某種情況導(dǎo)致的嚴(yán)重結(jié)果” 。句型應(yīng)用句型應(yīng)用第52頁/共98頁(involve in/ ecological environment / influence on ) 典型例句可怕的是，當(dāng)人們用動物進(jìn)行醫(yī)學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)的時候卻沒有意識到將會破壞生態(tài)平衡，最終影響到我們的下一代。意群提示There is the risk that the people who are invol

45、ved in animal research wont realize the damage to the ecological environment while the consequence will influence on our younger generation.第53頁/共98頁因此，真正的問題是我們能否喚起大多數(shù)漠不關(guān)心的民眾來保護(hù)動物實(shí)驗(yàn)的將來，以反對嗓門很大，但卻是被誤導(dǎo)的少數(shù)群體。原句譯文原句譯文逆譯練習(xí)逆譯練習(xí)Hence, the real question is whether an uncaring majority can be aroused to prot

46、ect its future against a loud, but misdirected, minority.句型提煉句型提煉第54頁/共98頁Hence, the real question / problem is whether but 句型提煉句型提煉應(yīng)用提示應(yīng)用提示用于表達(dá)“人們應(yīng)該面對的真正問題”。句型應(yīng)用句型應(yīng)用第55頁/共98頁(basic news evaluation standard / impartiality of objective news )典型例句因此，真正的問題是我們能否喚起大多數(shù)沒有基本新聞評判標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的受眾人群來維護(hù)新聞消息的客觀公正性，以反對影響面很大

47、，但卻是被誤導(dǎo)的少數(shù)媒體。意群提示Hence, the real question is whether majority who dont have the basic news evaluation standard can be aroused to maintain the impartiality of objective news against some influential, but misdirected, minority media.第56頁/共98頁 a. I became a childrens doctor because of my love f o r c h

48、 i l d r e n a n d m y supreme desire to keep them healthy . (Para.1, L2) 我成為一名兒科醫(yī)生，是因?yàn)槲覑酆⒆?，也因?yàn)槲业淖畲笤竿亲屗麄儽３纸】?。?7頁/共98頁 b. There is the danger that quick decisions by well-meaning politicians will create resolution to diplomatically satisfy the small minority of loud protestors while the consequence

49、s and damaging impact of those decisions will not be apparent until long after. (Para.6, L5) 危險的是，那些善意的政危險的是，那些善意的政治家匆忙作出決定，策略治家匆忙作出決定，策略性地滿足了那小部分大聲性地滿足了那小部分大聲疾呼的示威者，這只是權(quán)疾呼的示威者，這只是權(quán)宜之計(jì)，而這些決定的后宜之計(jì)，而這些決定的后果和造成的破壞性影響要果和造成的破壞性影響要很久才會顯現(xiàn)。很久才會顯現(xiàn)。第58頁/共98頁 c. Hence the real question is whether an uncaring m

50、ajority can be aroused to protect its future against a loud, but misdirected, minority. (Para.9, L5)因此，真正的問題是我們能否喚起大多數(shù)漠不關(guān)心的民眾來保護(hù)動物實(shí)驗(yàn)的將來，以反對嗓門很大，但卻是被誤導(dǎo)的少數(shù)群體。 第59頁/共98頁1Do you think animal research is necessary and meaningful ? And why?2How did we reduce the harm to animals ?3 What is the relationship

51、 between human and animals?第60頁/共98頁 Yes, absolutely. Advancement of science necessitates animal research. It manifests that drug experimentation on live mammals is far more effectual than experimentation on bacteria or on other lower species in testing drug safety. Secondly, in space research, live

52、 animals are still the only viable alternative to humans in testing living creature reaction to outer-space experience on a flight not considered to be sufficiently safe for human astronauts.1. Do you think animal research is necessary and meaningful ? and why?to be continued第61頁/共98頁2. How did we r

53、educe the harm to animals ? I concede that experiments upon animals may induce suffering to the test animals. However, I am convinced that there are no feasible alternatives to this methodology at the current stage of scientific development. On balance, I think that we should allow animals testing t

54、o be continued but at the same time use techniques such as analgesic, anesthetic and tranquilizing drugs to minimize the pain inflicted upon the test animal and augment the general welfare of these animals.to be continued第62頁/共98頁 Animals were friends or foes of humanity at different times of the hu

55、man history. It is such a complicated relationship between human and animals. In the entire ecosystem of the earth, human cant live without animals. Human rise to the top of the food chain subsisting harmonious with animals. The integrity of ecological species is also important to the development of

56、 humans future.3. What is the relationship between human and animals?第63頁/共98頁 What is the conflict between animal rights activists and physician scientists?Watch a video clip and discuss the question:第64頁/共98頁 First, there are three stages for us to understand the earthings(生物). We all live in the

57、earth, there are no sexism(性別歧視), racism(種族歧視) and speciesism(物種歧視), included all creatures and human beings. Humans are not the only creature in the earth and share the resource with any other animal.to be continuedWhat is the conflict between animal rights activists and physician scientists?第65頁/共

58、98頁 Second, the term of vivisection(活體解剖) is called medical experiment by the living animals, they called it medical science. The reason is to discover the essential methods of curing the humans disease. There are two mistakes here, one is the effectiveness(有效性) of this way, another is different rea

59、ction between human and animals.What is the conflict between animal rights activists and physician scientists?to be continued第66頁/共98頁 Third, is this the exemplify the most extreme racist theories(極端種族主義) of Nazi as same as the human slaughter(屠殺) animals? The creatures shouldnt measure by man, they

60、 are another nations, what should we do?What is the conflict between animal rights activists and physician scientists?第67頁/共98頁 Language applicationSection A 第68頁/共98頁Learn how to write an argumentative essay：To write an argumentative essay must provide specific and convincing evidence that supports

61、 the thesis statement. A writing mode that reqiures critical thinking and analytical skills. We also need to use the solid evidence and facts to support the viewpoints such as statistics, quotes from experts, and specific examples. You can follow these steps:to be continued第69頁/共98頁to be continuedSt

62、ep 1: choose a position.Know the purpose of your essay, and be clear about which side of the issue you are going to write and what solution you will offer.Step 2: analyze the audience.Decide if your readers are going to agree or disagree with your position. Think about possible opposing viewpoints.S

63、tep 3: research the topic.A persuasive essay must provide specific and convincing evidence. Often it is necessary to do some research on the topicStep 4: structure the essay.Figure out what evidence you will include and in what order you will present the evidence. Remember to consider your purpose a

64、nd your audience.第70頁/共98頁Learn how to write an argumentative essay：To write an argumentative essay must provide specific and convincing evidence that supports the thesis statement. A writing mode that requires critical thinking and analytical skills. We also need to use the solid evidence and facts

65、 to support the viewpoints such as statistics, quotes from experts, and specific examples. Please take a look at the chart below to see how you can organize the detailswith this pattern :to be continued第71頁/共98頁to be continuedThesis statementReason 1Reason 3,4Reason 2第72頁/共98頁Read the sample argumen

66、tative essay and see how it develops with the thesis statement-supported by reasons pattern.第73頁/共98頁Topic:Ban on animal testingIntroduction:Thesis statement: Even though animals have made a large contribution to modern medicine, animal testing should be stopped because it is immoral, unreliable, and unnecessary.to be continued第74頁/共98頁Body:Reason 1: ImmoralReason 2: UnreliableReason 3: Unnecessaryto be continued第75頁/共98頁Conclusion:Inhumane, non-effective animal testing should be stopped immedia