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1、 Unit 3 Back to the past 單元視窗 Wordlist 2 civilization [?sivilai?zei??n] n.文明 lecture [?lekt??] n.講座 found [faund] vt.興建,創(chuàng)辦,創(chuàng)建 BC 公元前 (before Christ縮寫) * Roman n.羅馬人 adj.羅馬的;羅馬人的 take over奪取;接管 volcano [v?l?kein?u] n.火山 AD 公元 (Anno Domini 縮寫) erupt [i?r?pt] νi. (火山等)爆發(fā) * lava

2、[?lɑ:v?] n.熔巖;火山巖 ash ?[??] n.火山灰;灰,灰燼 pour [p?:r] vi.傾瀉,流出 vt. 倒出 unfortunate ?[?n?f?:t??nit] ad.遺憾的, 不幸的 mud [m?d] n.泥,泥漿,爛泥 decorate [?dek?reit] vt.裝飾,裝璜 flee [fli:] vi. & vt. 逃避,逃跑,迅速離開 researcher [ri?s?:t??] n.研究者,調(diào)查者,探索者 true-to-life 逼真的 disaster [di?zɑ:st?] n.災(zāi)難 destroy [di?str?i]

3、 vt.毀壞,摧毀 commercial [k??m?:??l] adj.商業(yè)的,貿(mào)易的 wealthy[?welθi]adj.富有的;富裕的 gradually [?gr?dju?li] adv.漸漸地,逐漸地 sandstorm n.沙塵暴,風(fēng)沙 scholar [?sk?l?] n.學(xué)者;獎學(xué)金獲得者 cultural [?k?lt??r?l] adj.文化的 institute?[?institju:t]n.(教育、專業(yè)等的) 機(jī)構(gòu);研究所 ruin [?ru(:)in] n. (常作ruins)廢墟,遺跡 vt. 破壞,毀壞 remains [ri?meinz]

4、 n.遺跡,遺址:殘留物 beneath ?[bi?ni:θ] prep.在…之下 pot [p?t] n.罐,壺 material [m??ti?ri?l] n. 材料,物質(zhì) adj. 物質(zhì)的 document [?d?kjum?nt] n.文獻(xiàn);文件 workshop [?w?:k??p] n.作坊；車間 explode [ik?spl?ud] v.爆炸；爆發(fā) nearby [?ni?bai] a.附近的 ad.在附近 extreme [ik?stri:m] a.極度的;極端 complain [k?m?plein] vi.抱怨 bone [b?un] n.骨骼

5、,骨頭 wooden [?wudn] adj.木制的 leather [?lee?] n.皮革 historical [his?t?rik?l] a.歷史(上)的,與歷史研究相關(guān)學(xué)的 solution [s??lu:??n] n.解決辦法,解答 expression [ik?spre??n] n.表達(dá)；表情,神色 audience ?[??:di?ns] n.聽眾,觀眾,讀者 cave [keiv] n.山洞,洞穴 ceremony [?serim?ni]n.典禮,儀式 republic [ri?p?blik] n.共和國；共和政體 chairman [?t???m?

6、n] n.主席,董事長 pearl ?[p?:l] n.珍珠 harbor [?hɑ:b?] n.海港,港口 navy [?neivi] n.海軍,海軍部隊 powerful [?pau?f?l] a.強(qiáng)有力的,有權(quán)的 airfield n. （軍用）機(jī)場 bomb [b?m] vt.轟炸 n.炸彈 sailor [?seil?] n.水手,海員 fortunate [?f?:t??n?t] a.幸運的,僥幸的 aircraft [???krɑ:ft] n.飛機(jī),航空器 carrier [?k?ri?] n.航空母艦,運輸設(shè)備,運輸公司 declare [di?kl?

7、?] νt.宣布,宣稱 in memory of紀(jì)念 memorial [mi?m?:ri?l] n.紀(jì)念碑,紀(jì)念館 adj.紀(jì)念的 educate [?edju(:)keit] vt.教育,培養(yǎng),訓(xùn)練 statue [?st?t?u:] n.塑像,雕像 no doubt 無疑,確實 rise up against 起義,反抗 troop[tru:p]n.[pl.]軍隊;部隊,士兵 stand in one’s path 阻礙（某人） march [mɑ:t?] vi. & n. 前進(jìn),進(jìn)發(fā),游行 glory [?gl?:ri] n.輝煌,光榮,榮譽(yù) ahead

8、[??hed] ad.（時間、空間）在前面;提前,預(yù)先,領(lǐng)先 come down with 患（病） vast [vɑ:st] a.遼闊的,巨大的,大量的 philosophy [fi?l?s?fi] n.哲學(xué)；哲理,人生哲學(xué) salary [?s?l?ri] n.薪金,薪水 aware [??we?] a.意識到,知道的 basis [?beisis] n.基礎(chǔ),基準(zhǔn),原因 court k?:t]n.法庭,法院,球場,宮廷 god [g?d] n.上帝；神,神靈 corrupt [k??r?pt] vt.使腐化,使墮落a.貪污的,腐敗的 trail [trail] n

9、. 審訊,審理,試驗,考驗 judge [d??d?] n.法官；裁判員,審判員 poison [?p?iz?n] n.毒物,毒藥 vt.毒害,下毒 把你沒有記牢的挑出來，好好滴記住哦！ Lost civilizations Focus Day 1, 15 July I feel lucky to have won a place on this trip. We are in Italy now, and tomorrow we are visiting Pompeii. Next

10、 week we are flying to China, and going to Loulan, which is known as China's Pompeii in the desert. Both Pompeii and Loulan became lost civilizations long ago. Day 2—16th July This morning we attended a lecture about Pompeii. The city was founded in the 8th century BC. In 89 BC, the Romans took

11、over Pompeii. It then became a rich and busy city. Near the city was a volcano. On 24th August AD 79, the volcano erupted and lava, ash and rocks poured out of it onto the surrounding countryside. It continued to erupt for the next two days. Many people were buried alive, and so was the city. How un

12、fortunate! Day 3—17th July Today I saw the ancient Roman city of Pompeii as it was 2,000 years ago. How amazing! The city was forgotten for many years until the 18th century when a farmer discovered a stone with writing on it. People started to dig in the area for treasure, which caused much dam

13、age. Thus, in 1860, the area was put under government protection so it could be preserved and studied. When I walked around the city, I saw streets just as they had been, with stepping stones along the road so you did not have to step in the mud on rainy days! I saw several houses which were decor

14、ated with wall paintings. I also saw the people who had been buried alive. It turns out that after the ash covered the people who failed to flee the city, their bodies nearly completely broke down and disappeared, leaving empty spaces in the ash. Years later, researchers were able to use these empty

15、 spaces to produce true-to-life figures of the people who had died in the disaster. You can see them today in Pompeii, in the same places where the people fell. The volcano is still there, but looks very quiet now. It’s hard to imagine how this peaceful volcano destroyed the whole city! Day 10—24t

16、h July Finally, we arrived in Loulan after several days of traveling. This commercial city was busy and wealthy about 2,000 years ago. It was a stopping point on the famous Silk Road between the East and the West. It is believed to have been gradually covered over by sandstorms from AD 200 to AD 4

17、00. I am so excited to be here! Day 11—25th July A scholar from the local cultural institute, Professor Zhang, told us that around the year 1900 the European explorer Sven Hedin discovered the ruins of the Loulan Kingdom. Sven found the remains of buildings buried beneath the sand, together with

18、a lot of treasures, including coins, painted pots, materials such as silk, documents and wall paintings. When we went to the city, we saw the city walls, palaces, temples, workshops and towers. We found the ruins most interesting. There was an ancient water system that ran through the middle of the

19、city. The desert was once a green land with huge trees, but they were cut down and that resulted in the city being buried by sand—what a pity! put preserve First period Listen and learn: Listen to the wordlist

20、 and try to learn the words and phrases by heart. ◆Step 1: ◆Step 2: Personal show ●Task 1: Give the following words’ Chinese meaning solution n. take over pour vi. vt. powerful a. decorate vt. fortunate a. commercial adj. scholar n. rise up against

21、 stand in one’s path document n. explode v. aware a. corrupt [k??r?pt] vt. a. ●Task 2: Translate the following words vt.興建,創(chuàng)辦,創(chuàng)建 ad.遺憾的, 不幸的 逼真的 νt.宣布,宣稱 n.塑像,雕像 患（?。? n.基礎(chǔ),基準(zhǔn),原因 vi.抱怨 n.法官；裁判員,審判員 n.毒物,毒藥 vt.毒害,下毒 Step 3: Text reading

22、 Listen to the text and then finish the following sentences ●Task 1: Fill in the blanks according to the text 1. Many people were buried alive, and _______ (城市也被掩埋了) . ________ (真是不幸) . 2. Today I saw the ancient Roman city of Pompeii ____________ (正如它2000年前的樣子) . 3. Thus, in 1860, the

23、area ___________(納入政府的保護(hù)下) so it could be preserved and studied. 4. It is believed __________ (已被風(fēng)沙漸漸覆蓋) by sandstorms from AD 200 to AD 400. 5. The desert was once a green land with huge trees, but they were cut down and that ________________ (導(dǎo)致這個城市被埋) by sand—what a pity! ●Task 2: Task-base

24、d reading閱讀課文, 完成下表。注意：一空一詞 Sites Time Events 6. ________ Pompeii in the 8th century It was 1. ______. 7. ______ Pompeii in Italy and Loulan in China became lost civilizations about 2000 years ago. Pompeii was founded in the 8th century BC and was taken over by the Romans in 89 BC. On 24t

25、h Aug. AD 79, Mount Vesuvius erupted and the city was buried 8.______. Loulan was a 9. ____ point on the Silk Road. It 10.____ under the sand, together with a lot of treasures, including coins, painted pots, materials, such as silk, documents and wall paintings in 89 BC It was taken over by the

26、Romans. on 24th Aug. AD 79 Mount Vesuvius 2. ____. in 1860 The area was put under government 3. ______ Loulan 2000 years ago It 4. ____ as a commercial city. from AD 200 to AD 400 It was covered over gradually by sand storms. 100 years ago It was 5.____ by Sven Hedin. Homework: 1

27、. Read the text 2. Try to recite the sentences in step 3-Task 1 Second period Step 1: Personal show Read the text as quickly as you can. Step 2: Language focus ◆ 1. put 短語 知識探究：He had already put everything in place. 他把一切都準(zhǔn)備好了。 Have you got all the lights in place yet? 你把所有的燈都放好了嗎

28、? She was ill, so I went to the conference in her place. 她病了,所以我代替她出席了這次會議。 用put相關(guān)短語的適當(dāng)形式填空 (1) He ____ his work _______ and made some coffee. (2) He never ________ dishes and meals. (3) The plan she ________ at the meeting was agreed to by most people present. (4) She tried to _______ her

29、 thoughts ________ but it was too noisy. (5) I can't _________ these insults any more. (6) The Arab ________ a tent and made a fire. He had already put everything in place. 他把一切都準(zhǔn)備好了。 Have you got all the lights in place yet? 你把所有的燈都放好了嗎? She was ill, so I went to the conference in her plac

30、e. 她病了,所以我代替她出席了這次會議。 題練落實： 1. It's necessary for us to __________ everything ______ before the program is started. A. get; in place B. put; in place C. get; in the place D. put; in the place 2. Every now and then a new plane ________ at the airport. A. takes down B. puts off C. takes

31、off D. puts down 3. What shall we use for power when all the oil in the world has ________? A. given out B. put out C. held up D. used up 聯(lián)想拓寬： put through 完成，使成功；折磨；接通電話 put away收拾;處理 put down寫下來;記下來;放下 put aside放在一旁;儲蓄 put back放回;撥回(鐘表的針) put forward向前移,提出;撥快(鐘表) put of

32、f延期 put out撲滅 put up with忍受 put on穿上;增加體重;上演 put up舉起;建造 put pressure on給……施加壓力 put… in place準(zhǔn)備就緒,布置妥當(dāng) put sb. in their place讓某人明白自己的地位 in place在適當(dāng)?shù)奈恢? out of place不在適當(dāng)?shù)奈恢? in place of代替 in sb.'s place代替某人 in the first place首先 ◆ 2. come up with 提出，想出，提供 come

33、 down with 1. be taken ill with病倒2. provide money；pay out捐錢；付出 * Jack has come down with a bad cold. 杰克患了重感冒。 * Many children in the kindergarten came down with the flu. 幼兒園的許多孩子都患了流行性感冒。 * He'll come down with a large sum. 他將捐一筆巨款。 * How much did she come down with？她出了多少錢？ 題練落實： 1. --- Have yo

34、u ______ some new ideas? --- Yeah. I’ll tell you later. A. come about B. come into C. come up with D. come out with 2. She had no idea how it _____ that her husband met with trouble again. A. came about B. came out C. came across D. came up 3. Why don’t you to England for a holiday

35、? A. come through B. come over C. come on D. come along 4. In the new program 3+X if your dream to be a doctor , you must take chemistry as elective course. A. realizes B. comes true C. comes off D. comes out 5. The teacher asked a difficult question, but

36、 Ted, finally, managed to ______ a good answer. A. put up with B. keep up with C. come up with D. go through with 6. Please tell me how the accident _______. I am still in the dark. A. came by B. came upon C. came to D. came about 7. How did it _______ that he was hurt so serio

37、usly? A. come up B. come along C. come about D. come out 8. The book which _____ at the end of last year turned out to be a great success in Shanghai. A. came about B. came up C. came out D. came around 聯(lián)想拓寬： come about 發(fā)生 come along 過來 come along with 隨同 come across 偶爾遇見

38、，偶爾發(fā)現(xiàn) come at 襲擊；拜見 come by 從旁走過 come around 到來 come around / round to 贊成；同意 come back 回來 come to the point 抓住要點 come into contact with 與…接觸 come on發(fā)生，趕快 come out 發(fā)行，吐艷, 開花 come to oneself 蘇醒，恢復(fù) come to 提及，談到 come to an end 結(jié)束 come to light 真相大白；顯露 come true夢想成真 come up to達(dá)到；

39、符合；不辜負(fù) come up with 提出;趕上 come down with 因…而病倒 come a long way 取得進(jìn)展；明顯提高 come all the way 遠(yuǎn)道而來；大老遠(yuǎn)跑來 come in handy 遲早有用 come into being 誕生，形成 come out of 從（某場所）出來；出自 come to one’s mind 想起 come up走近;上來;長出，發(fā)芽;發(fā)生;被提出;升起(相當(dāng)于不及物動詞) come across偶然遇上，碰上;被理解;被傳達(dá) come about發(fā)生 come to達(dá)到;

40、恢復(fù)知覺 come through傳來;康復(fù);還活著 Third period Reading strategies: When you are reading diary entries recording someone’s travels, you should look for dates and place names in the text. For example, from “24th July: Finally, we arrived in Loulan…”. You will also find facts and historical informatio

41、n, such as the fact that Loulan ‘was a stopping point on the famous Silk Road’. The writer will include personal feelings and opinions in the diary as well. When Ann writes about the disaster in Pompeii, she writes: “Many people were buried alive, and so was the city. How unfortunate!” We know she f

42、elt sorry about the disaster, because she used the word “unfortunate” 2011年安徽卷D篇 Ireland has had a very difficult history. The problems started in the 16th century when English rulers tried to conquer(征服) Ireland. For hundreds of years, the Irish people fought against the English. Finally, in 1921

43、, the British government was forced to give independence to the south of Ireland. The result is that today there are two “Irelands”. Northern Ireland, in the north, is part of the United Kingdom. The Republic of Ireland, in the south, is an independent country. In the 1840s the main crop, potatoes

44、, was affected by disease and about 750,000 people died of hunger. This, and a shortage (短缺) of work, forced many people to leave Ireland and live in the USA, the UK, Australia and Canada. As a result of these problems, the population fell from 8.2 million in 1841 to 6.6 million in 1851. For many y

45、ears, the majority of Irish people earned their living as farmers. Today, many people still work on the land but more and more people are moving to the cities to work in factories and offices. Life in the cities is very different from life in the countryside, where things move at a quieter and slowe

46、r pace. The Irish are famous for being warm-hearted and friendly. Oscar Wilde, a famous Irish writer, once said that the Irish were “the greatest talkers since the Greeks”. Since independence, Ireland has revived(復(fù)興) its own culture of music, language, literature and singing. Different areas have d

47、ifferent styles of old Irish songs which are sung without instruments. Other kinds of Irish music use many different instruments such as the violin, whistles, etc. 68. What does the author tell us in Paragraph 1? A. How the Irish fought against the English. B. How Ireland gained independence. C.

48、 How English rulers tried to conquer Ireland. D. How two “Irelands” came into being. 69. We learn from the text that in Ireland _______. A. food shortages in the 1840s led to a decline in population B. people are moving to the cities for lack of work in the countryside C. it is harder to make a

49、 living as a farmer than as a factory worker D. different kinds of old Irish songs are all sung with instruments 70. The last paragraph is mainly about _______. A. the Irish character B. Irish culture C. Irish musical instruments D. a famous Irish writer 71. What can be the best titl

50、e for the text? A. Life in Ireland B. A Very Difficult history C. Ireland, Past and Present D. The Independence of Ireland 2010江西C篇 Kong Zi, also called Confucius (551-479 B.C), and Socrates (469-399 B.C) lived only a hundred years apart, and during their lifetimes there was no contact

51、 between China and Greece, but it is interesting to look at how the world that each of these great philosophers came from shaped their ideas, and how these ideas in turn, shaped their societies. Neither philosopher lived in times of peace, though there were more wars in Greece than in China. The C

52、hinese states were very large and feudal, while the Greek city-states were small and urban. The urban environment in which Socrates lived allowed him to be more radical than Confucius. Unlike Confucius, Socrates was not asked by rules how to govern effectively. Thus, Socrates was able to be more ide

53、alistic, focusing on issues like freedom, and knowledge for its own sake. Confucius, on the other hand, advised those in government service, and many of his students went out to government service. Confucius suggested the Golden Rule as a principle for the conduct of life:” Do not do to others wha

54、t you would not want others to do to you. ” He assumed that all men were equal at birth, though some had more potential than others, and that it was knowledge that set men apart. Socrates focused on the individual, and thought that the greatest purpose of man was to seek wisdom. Like Confucius, he b

55、elieved that the superior class should rule the inferior(下層的)classes. For Socrates, the family was of no importance, and the community of little concern. For Confucius, however, the family was the centre of the society, with family relations considered much more important than political relations.

56、 Both men are respected much more today than they were in their lifetimes. 64. Which of the following is TURE according to the first paragraph? A. Socrates and Confucius had much in common, B. Confucius had much influence on Socrates’ ideas. C. The societies were influenced by the philosophe

57、rs’ ideas. D. There were cultural exchanges between China and Greece. 65. Socrates shared with Confucius the idea that ________. A. all men were equal when they were born B. the lower classed should be ruled by the upper class C. the purpose of man was to seek freedom and wisdom D. people s

58、hould not ask others to do what they did not want to 66. What made some people different from others according to Confucius? A. Family. B. Potential. C. Knowledge. D. Community. 67. This passage is organized in the pattern of ________. A. time and events B. compa

59、rison and contrast C. cause and effect D. definition and classification Forth period Project: Events and changes have taken place all through time and continue to take place today. Sometimes the best way to understand these events and changes is to look, the people who played key roles in hist

60、ory. Ancient Greek statue found in Xinjiang Researchers announced the discovery of a small statue in northern Xinjiang, China, recently. The metal statue is of a Greek soldier. When asked how a statue from distant Greece could have appeared in China, researchers explained that no doubt this was a

61、result of Alexander the Great's influence. Alexander the Great (356-323 BC) was the son of a Greek king who defeated many Greek cities in battle. At the age of twenty, Alexander himself became king after his father died. However, many cities rose up against Alexander, so he led an army to take the

62、m back. Though his army had only 3,000 troops, won every battle and many enemy soldiers joined him. In 334 BC, he took his army, now with 42,000 men, into the Middle East and then Egypt, defeating every army that stood in his path. Then he turned his eyes east, and marched all the way to India, fi

63、nding victory wherever he went. It seemed that nothing could stop him from taking control of the entire world. However, his own army grew tired of endless battles and refused to go any further, so he had to turn back. By the age of thirty, he had already occupied more land than anyone before, and it

64、 seemed that more glory was waiting ahead of him. Yet, in 323 BC, he came down with a fever and died. Since he had no son, his generals divided his vast kingdom among themselves. Alexander the Great spread the Greek culture from Europe to Africa and Asia, influencing the world for centuries to com

65、e. The statue of the Greek soldier found in northern Xinjiang probably came to China in the 4th century BC as a result of trade. Like many other ancient objects that show a Greek influence, it can now be seen in a museum in Urumqi. The father of Western philosophy The word 'philosophy' means 'lo

66、ve of wisdom'. Philosophy can be thought of as a way of looking at the world around us, or of answering the great questions of life, such as 'Why are we here?’ and 'What is truth?' The father of Western philosophy was Socrates (469-399 BC). Socrates was from Athens, in Greece. When he was young, he was a brave soldier. Later, he became a teacher, but he taught for free and earned his salary from being a common worker. Aside from this, we know very little about him. Since he never wrote a book,