(新課標(biāo))2020屆高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí) 專題一 語法基礎(chǔ) 考點四 名詞和主謂一致(含解析)
《(新課標(biāo))2020屆高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí) 專題一 語法基礎(chǔ) 考點四 名詞和主謂一致(含解析)》由會員分享,可在線閱讀,更多相關(guān)《(新課標(biāo))2020屆高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí) 專題一 語法基礎(chǔ) 考點四 名詞和主謂一致(含解析)(16頁珍藏版)》請在裝配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。
1、考點四 名詞和主謂一致 限時25分鐘 一、單句語法填空 1.Barber shops have been opened in most big hotels in foreign countries, guests can go to the ________ (barber) to have a haircut directly. 答案:barber's 句意:國外大部分大的酒店都有理發(fā)店,客人可以直接去那里理發(fā)。the barber's 指“理發(fā)店”,故填barber's。 2.The Smiths ________ (have) their breakfast when
2、 the morning post came. 答案:were having 在表示姓氏的專有名詞詞尾加s,前面加the,表示一家人,當(dāng)這種形式作主語時,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。根據(jù)語境,此處表示正在吃早餐,故填were having。 3.In recent years, Chinese arts have won the ________ (appreciate) of a lot of people outside China. 答案:appreciation 句意:近年來,中國藝術(shù)贏得了許多國外人士的欣賞。根據(jù)前面的the可知,后面使用名詞appreciation,表示欣賞。 4.
3、It was the natural disaster, rather than human errors, that ________ (be) to blame for the death of so many innocent people. 答案:was 句意:是自然災(zāi)害,而不是人為錯誤,應(yīng)對這么多無辜人的死亡負(fù)責(zé)。強調(diào)句型中強調(diào)的主語是“the natural disaster, rather than human errors”,謂語動詞與主語保持一致。帶有“rather than”的結(jié)構(gòu),謂語動詞與前面的名詞即the natural disaster保持一致,故填was。 5
4、.Either you or one of your family members ________ (be) to attend the school sports meeting tomorrow and cheer on your kids. 答案:is 根據(jù)主語中的either ... or ... 可知,謂語動詞采取“就近原則”,與“one of your family members”保持一致,故填is。 6.Jane realized her ________ (ambitious) to become the first woman to run the 10,000
5、 metres within 30 minutes. 答案:ambition 句意:簡實現(xiàn)了成為第一個30分鐘內(nèi)跑完一萬米的女子的抱負(fù)。根據(jù)前面的形容詞性物主代詞可知,后面跟名詞。ambition “野心,雄心”。這里是指實現(xiàn)愿望。 7.Many young people plan to take ________ (turn) to host parties in the coming holiday. 答案:turns 句意:很多年輕人打算在即將到來的假期中輪流舉行聚會。take turns to do sth.是固定短語,意為“輪流做某事”,故填turns。 8.The tea
6、cher asks all the students to make ________ (prepare) for the English class. 答案:preparations 句意:老師要求所有的學(xué)生們?yōu)橛⒄Z課做準(zhǔn)備。make preparations for “為……做準(zhǔn)備”,是固定短語,故填preparations。 9.My friends and I ordered two teas and five ________ (coffee) when we had lunch. 答案:coffees 句意:我和朋友們吃午飯的時候,點了兩杯茶和五杯咖啡。此處coffee
7、和前面的tea的用法一樣,是可數(shù)名詞,表示幾杯茶或者咖啡,故填coffees。 10.We have to admit the fact that this experiment is a complete ________ (fail). 答案:failure 句意:我們不得不承認(rèn)這次實驗徹底失敗了。根據(jù)空格前面的“a complete”可知,形容詞修飾后面的名詞,作定語,故填failure。 11.The roofs of the rooms were covered with ________ (leaf). 答案:leaves 句意:房子的屋頂上被樹葉覆蓋了。以f或fe結(jié)尾的
8、名詞變復(fù)數(shù)有直接加s或變f或fe為v再加-es的兩種形式。常見的要去掉f或fe加ves的詞有l(wèi)eaf, wife, life, knife, thief, half, self, shelf和wolf等。 12.Where to find the teacher and where to do the experiment ________ (be) not known. 答案:are 前面的主語由兩個“疑問詞+不定式”構(gòu)成,表示兩個概念,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。故填are。 13.The knife and fork ________ (be) on the table. 答案:is 主
9、語中and連接兩個名詞,表示一個整體概念,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。故填is。 14.So far, more than one answer ________ (give) to the question. 答案:has been given 本句中“more than one+單數(shù)名詞”作主語,意義表示“不止一個”,但是謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式,且句中有時間狀語so far提示,句子應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時。故填has been given。 15.These deer ________ (be) small compared with other species of deer. 答案:are de
10、er單復(fù)數(shù)形式相同,但是此句中有these修飾,故填are。 16.The teacher as well as the students who ________ fond of football, ________ playing together. (be) 答案:are; is 句意:那位老師和喜歡足球的同學(xué)們正在一起踢足球?!皐ho ________ fond of football”是定語從句,修飾the students,故第一空用復(fù)數(shù)形式的謂語動詞。A as well as B作主語,謂語動詞與A保持一致,故第二空用單數(shù)形式。 17.My family _______
11、_ (be) well-known in the region now. 答案:is 句意:我的家現(xiàn)在在這個地區(qū)很有名氣。本句中family強調(diào)整體,且有時間狀語now,故填is。 18.—Where did you two have your ________ (stomach) examined? —At our local hospital. 答案:stomachs 句意:——你們兩個在哪兒檢查的胃?——在我們當(dāng)?shù)氐囊患裔t(yī)院。因為指的是兩個人的胃,故用復(fù)數(shù)形式;又因為此單詞中-ch的發(fā)音為/k/,所以變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)時要在后面加-s。在英語中,以-s, -x, -ch, -sh結(jié)尾的名詞
12、變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)要在其后加-es,但是stomach除外。 19.The old couple are pleased with their three ________ (son-in-law). 答案:sons-in-law 句意:這對老夫婦對他們的三個女婿很滿意。合成名詞單數(shù)變成復(fù)數(shù)時,有主體名詞時把主體名詞變成復(fù)數(shù)。例如:son-in-law→sons-in-law, looker-on→lookers-on, passer-by→passers-by。 20.In our city, there are one million ________ (grown-up). 答案:grow
13、n-ups 句意:在我們這座城市,有一百萬成年人。grown-up “成年人”,為可數(shù)名詞,應(yīng)用其復(fù)數(shù)形式。在英語中,合成詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)時,如果沒有主體名詞,通常將最后一個詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù),因此答案為grown-ups。 21.Our local government awards 5,000 dollars to four ________ (woman) nurses and two ________ (man) doctors. 答案:women; men 句意:我們當(dāng)?shù)卣?,000美元獎給了四名女護士和兩名男醫(yī)生。由man或woman作為第一部分而構(gòu)成的復(fù)合名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時,將兩個部分皆變?yōu)?/p>
14、復(fù)數(shù)形式。 22.Learning hard ________ (be) very important to us students now. 答案:is 句意:現(xiàn)在努力學(xué)習(xí)對我們學(xué)生很重要。當(dāng)主語為動名詞/單個從句/to do不定式時,謂語動詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。 23.In fact, the innovation is just one move in a huge project to improve Chinese teachers' housing ________ (condition) in recent years. 答案:conditions 句意:事實上,這項變
15、革只是最近幾年提高中國教師住房條件的大項目中的一小步。根據(jù)句意可知,應(yīng)用名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式conditions。condition的復(fù)數(shù)形式表示“(居住、工作等的)環(huán)境,條件”。 24.Water is valuable in the world but large amounts of water ________ (be) wasted. 答案:are 句意:在世界上水是很寶貴的,但是許多水被浪費了?!癮mounts/quantities of+不可數(shù)名詞”作主語時,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 25.A modern library is being built in our school so
16、 that we students will have ________ (accessible) to good books. 答案:access 句意:我們學(xué)校正在建設(shè)一個現(xiàn)代化的圖書館,以便學(xué)生能夠讀到好書。access “接觸的機會,使用權(quán)”;have access to固定詞組,意為“可使用……;可獲得……”,符合句意。故空格處填access。 26.Each man and each woman in the neighboring villages ________ (have) a bad opinion of him, but he is spoken better o
17、f by the village leaders. 答案:has 句意:鄰近村莊的每個人都對他印象不好,但是村領(lǐng)導(dǎo)對他的評價較高。“every ... and every ...”,“each ... and each ...”等結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時,謂語動詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式;且根據(jù)后面的is可知,句子應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時。故空格處應(yīng)填has。 27.—Is everyone here? —Not yet. Look, there ________ (come) a guest! 答案:comes 空格處所在句子為倒裝句,a guest作主語,謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式;此處敘述的是現(xiàn)在的事實,所以句子
18、用一般現(xiàn)在時。故空格處應(yīng)填comes。 28.It's said that a singer and TV star ________ (be) coming to give us a wonderful performance next Saturday. 答案:is 句意:據(jù)說一位歌唱家兼電視明星下星期六要來給我們做精彩的表演。and連接兩個名詞,但共用一個冠詞指同一人或者同一事物時,句子的謂語動詞要用單數(shù)。故答案為is。 29.The head teacher, together with his students, ________ (be) planning to post
19、the winning poems on the Campus Network. 答案:is 主語后接由with, except, as well as, no less than, rather than, besides, together with, like, including, in addition to等構(gòu)成的短語時,謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)和主語的單復(fù)數(shù)保持一致。故空格處應(yīng)填is。 30.The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials, the rest of which ________ (be) saved for other
20、 purposes. 答案:were 句意:這家工廠使用了65%的原材料,其余的節(jié)省下來以作他用。后半句中的the rest of which中的which指的是raw materials,所以謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù);再結(jié)合主句中的時態(tài)可判斷,正確答案為were。 二、單句改錯 1.“Thank you” mean you appreciate what someone has done for you, no matter how small it is. ___________________________________________________________________
21、_____ 答案:mean→means 本句中的主語是Thank you短語,表示單數(shù)意義,故謂語動詞用單數(shù),故將mean改為means。 2.I managed to climb out, but much to my shocking, one of my boys was missing. ________________________________________________________________________ 答案:shocking→shock 此處為“to one's+抽象名詞”結(jié)構(gòu),shocking是一個形容詞,故將shocking改為shock。
22、 3.I have heard that English volunteers is wanted in the summer vacation. ________________________________________________________________________ 答案:is→are 根據(jù)前面的主語English volunteers表示復(fù)數(shù)意義可知,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù),故將is改為are。 4.We were very happy to help each other and have lots of funs. ___________________
23、_____________________________________________________ 答案:funs→fun fun是一個不可數(shù)名詞,沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式,故將funs改為fun。 5.I come from New York and is having an enjoyable time in Beijing. ________________________________________________________________________ 答案:is→am 句子的主語為I,謂語動詞應(yīng)與I保持一致,故將is改為am。 6.In order to ke
24、ep healthy, you have to refuse a variety of delicious snack and junk food. ________________________________________________________________________ 答案:snack→snacks snack是一個可數(shù)名詞,根據(jù)前面的a variety of “大量的”可知,后用復(fù)數(shù)名詞,故將snack改為snacks。 7.I'm one of the students who works hard in English and have won seve
25、ral prizes in some English contests. ________________________________________________________________________ 答案:works→work 定語從句的謂語動詞與前面的先行詞保持一致,即與the students保持一致,故改為復(fù)數(shù)形式。 8.More than one worker have been sent to the training center to improve their working skills in the past three years. ____
26、____________________________________________________________________ 答案:have→has 句意:在過去的三年中,不止一個工人被送到培訓(xùn)中心去提高他們的工作技能。more than one “不止一個”,從意義上講它表示復(fù)數(shù),但作主語時,謂語習(xí)慣用單數(shù)。 9.A recent survey shows that the number of children who come from the countryside with their parents are nearly 320,000 in Beijing. __
27、______________________________________________________________________ 答案:are→is 句意:最近的一項研究表明,在北京和父母一起從農(nóng)村來的孩子的數(shù)量將近320,000?!皌he number of+名詞復(fù)數(shù)”作主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù);而“a number of+名詞復(fù)數(shù)”作主語時,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 10.The computer system crashed and I lost three hour's worth of work. _______________________________________
28、_________________________________ 答案:hour's→hours' 句意:電腦系統(tǒng)癱瘓了,我三個小時做的工作都白費了。三個小時為復(fù)數(shù)概念,因此hour應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。以s結(jié)尾的名詞復(fù)數(shù)的所有格形式直接加'即可。 11.On the contrary, I think it is Truman, rather than you, are to blame. ________________________________________________________________________ 答案:are→is 當(dāng)主語是介詞with, togeth
29、er with, along with, as well as, like, but, rather than, including等連接的兩個名詞或代詞時,謂語動詞應(yīng)與第一個名詞或代詞的數(shù)保持一致。 12.However, the grass under our foot is green enough. ________________________________________________________________________ 答案:foot→feet 由修飾語our可知,foot應(yīng)改為其復(fù)數(shù)形式,foot的復(fù)數(shù)形式為不規(guī)則變化,即feet。 13.Bill w
30、as standing at the side of the car, talking to two men who was helping him to repair it. ________________________________________________________________________ 答案:第二個was→were 因先行詞two men是復(fù)數(shù)概念,所以定語從句的謂語動詞也應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)。 14.In the last 25 years, the population of Singapore have doubled to more than five
31、million. ________________________________________________________________________ 答案:have→has 句意:在過去的25年里,新加坡的人口翻了一番,達到500多萬人。此處的population為集合名詞,可以看成一個整體,故謂語動詞用單數(shù)。 15.Each student should make good preparation for the College Entrance Examination. _________________________________________________
32、_______________________ 答案:preparation→preparations preparation意為“準(zhǔn)備工作,籌備工作”時,為可數(shù)名詞;make preparations for ... “為……做準(zhǔn)備”,固定搭配。 名詞 一、單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)形式的規(guī)則 1.規(guī)則變化 一般情況下,在詞尾直接加-s;以-s, -x, -sh, -ch(ch發(fā)音為[t]時)結(jié)尾的在詞尾加-es;以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的,把y變成i,再加-es;以-f或-fe結(jié)尾的多數(shù)變f或fe為v再加-es。 2.不規(guī)則變化 (1)變內(nèi)部元音 foot—feet 腳 ma
33、n—men 男人 woman—women 女人 tooth—teeth 牙 goose—geese 鵝 gentleman—gentlemen 紳士 (2)單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞 sheep 綿羊 deer 鹿 Chinese 中國人 Japanese 日本人 Swiss 瑞士人 means 方法 series 系列 species 種類 works 工廠 head 頭(量詞) (3)常以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)的名詞 clothes 衣服 glasses 眼鏡 chopsticks 筷子 trousers 褲子 goods 商品;貨物 content
34、s 目錄 sands 沙灘 woods樹林 times時代 lines 臺詞 surroundings 環(huán)境 belongings 財產(chǎn) earnings 收入 arms 武器 manners 禮貌 forces 軍隊 (4)有兩種復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞 people fish (5)集體名詞的數(shù) ①只表示復(fù)數(shù)意義的集體名詞 people 人,人們 police 警察 cattle 牛 ②側(cè)重成員時表示復(fù)數(shù)意義,側(cè)重整體時表示單數(shù)意義的集體名詞 這類集體名詞側(cè)重于成員時,表示復(fù)數(shù)意義,不再變復(fù)數(shù)形式;側(cè)重整體時表示單數(shù)意義,表示多個這樣的集體時有
35、復(fù)數(shù)變化形式。 class 班級 family 家庭 team 隊 public 大眾 army 軍隊 government 政府 二、名詞所有格 1.'s所有格 表示人或其他有生命的東西的名詞常在詞尾加's或',表示所有關(guān)系。 my_sister's telephone number 我姐姐的電話號碼 (1)表示兩者或多者各自的所有關(guān)系時,分別在每個名詞的詞尾加's或';表示兩者或多者共有時,在最后一個名詞詞尾加's或'。 Tom's_and_Jim's fathers 湯姆的父親和吉姆的父親 Tom_and_Jim's father 湯姆和吉姆
36、的父親 (2)表示店鋪、辦公室或某人的家時,名詞所有格后被修飾的名詞一般省略。 at the_barber's 在理發(fā)店 at my_uncle's 在我叔叔家 2.of所有格 表示無生命的事物的名詞通常用of所有格表示所有關(guān)系;名詞短語或有定語修飾的有生命的名詞也常用of所有格。 the window of_the_room 房間的窗戶 3.雙重所有格 三、名詞作定語 名詞作定語往往是說明被修飾詞的材料、用途、類別等,作定語的名詞通常用單數(shù)。 gold chain 金鏈子 coffee cup 咖啡杯 mountain village 山村 w
37、inter holiday 寒假 限時25分鐘 一、單句語法填空 1.(2019·雙鴨山市第一中學(xué)高三月考)Neither you nor I nor anybody else ________ (know) anything about it now. 答案:knows 根據(jù)前面的neither ... nor ... 結(jié)構(gòu),謂語動詞采取就近原則,故與anybody else保持一致,且由now可知,此處描述現(xiàn)在的事實,故填knows。 2.(2018·全國卷Ⅱ)This switch has decreased ________ (pollute) in the co
38、untry's major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people. 答案:pollution 根據(jù)前面的“This switch has decreased”后面缺少賓語可知,此處使用名詞作賓語,故填pollution。 3.(2018·全國卷Ⅲ)My name is Mireya Mayor. I'm a ________ (science) who studies animals such as apes and monkeys. 答案:scientist 此處介紹“我”的身份是一位科學(xué)家。因此應(yīng)填
39、scientist。 4.(2018·浙江高考)Few people I know seem to have much desire or time to cook. Making Chinese ________ (dish) is seen as especially troublesome. 答案:dishes 名詞dish前面沒有冠詞,故用復(fù)數(shù)形式,但是后面的謂語動詞是is,主語為making Chinese dishes動名詞短語。 5.(2018·浙江高考)Researchers have found that there is a direct link between
40、the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in ________ (weigh) problems. 答案:weight weight problems “體重問題”,需要把所給的動詞變成名詞weight,修飾后面的名詞。 6.(2018·全國卷Ⅰ)Already well over 400 of the total of 6,800 languages ________ (be) close to extinction (消亡), with only a few elderly speakers left. 答案
41、:are 根據(jù)前面的主語“400 of the total of 6,800 languages”指6,800種語言中的400多種語言,意思是復(fù)數(shù),故填are。 7.(2018·江蘇高考)When most people think of the arts, they imagine the end product, the beautiful painting, a wonderful piece of music, or an award-winning ________ (perform) in the theatre. 答案:performance 根據(jù)前面的“an award-
42、winning”可知,后面修飾名詞,故填performance。 8.(2018·北京高考)The coming technological advancement ________ (present) a chance for cities and states to develop transportation systems designed to move more people, and more affordably. 答案:presents 主語“The coming technological advancement”是單數(shù),故謂語動詞也用單數(shù)形式,填presents。
43、 9.(2018·天津高考)________ (curious) gave us all a natural awareness. 答案:Curiosity 根據(jù)空格的位置和后面的謂語動詞可知,此處缺少主語,故填Curiosity。 10.(2018·天津高考)On top of that, most of the 3-D food ________ (print) now are restricted to dry ingredients, because meat and milk products may easily go bad. 答案:printers 根據(jù)“most of
44、”可知,后面使用復(fù)數(shù)名詞,故填printers。 11.(2018·浙江高考)Among the bag makers' ________ (argue): many cities with bans still allow shoppers to purchase paper bags, which are easily recycled but require more energy to produce and transport. 答案:arguments 根據(jù)前面的“the bag makers'”是一個名詞所有格,后面使用名詞形式,且此處指復(fù)數(shù)概念,故填arguments。
45、12.(2018·江蘇高考)What starts as fun usage of apps ________ (turn) into tremendous pressure in real social media interaction at secondary school. 答案:turns 分析句子的結(jié)構(gòu)可知,主語是一個由what引導(dǎo)的主語從句,故謂語動詞使用單數(shù)形式。 13.(2018·北京高考)The ________ (arrive) of driverless vehicles is a chance to make sure that those vehicles ar
46、e environmentally friendly and more shared. 答案:arrival 根據(jù)前面的定冠詞the可知,后面使用名詞形式,故填arrival。 14.(2017·全國卷Ⅰ)Now all that was needed ________ (be) the parents, but they were absent. 答案:were 句意:現(xiàn)在最需要的就是父母,但是父母都不在。因為表語為parents,并且要時態(tài)一致,因此答案為were。 15.(2017·全國卷Ⅰ)Moran says one of the problems with Jazz to
47、day ________ (be) that the entertainment aspect of the music has been lost. 答案:is 句意:莫蘭說今天爵士樂其中的一個問題是音樂的娛樂性丟失。當(dāng)“one of+名詞復(fù)數(shù)”作主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。 16.(2017·全國卷Ⅰ)My entire family is hearing and so ________ (be) all my friends. 答案:are 句意:我全家都有聽覺,我所有的朋友也都有聽覺?!皊o+be/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞+主語”指前者的情況也適合于后者;主語為my friends,根
48、據(jù)時態(tài)一致原則,答案是are。 17.(2017·全國卷Ⅰ)Fat and salt ________ (be) very important parts of a diet. 答案:are 句意:脂肪和鹽是飲食中的重要部分。主語為fat and salt,表示復(fù)數(shù)概念,謂語動詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)。 18.(2017·全國卷Ⅰ)Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack (吃點心) between ________ (meal) and will improve the taste of your f
49、ood. 答案:meals 句意:飯菜中充足的脂肪和鹽會降低零食對你的誘惑,并且會改善食物的味道。這里指兩餐之間,故用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 19.(2017·全國卷Ⅰ)Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the ________ (instructor) orders. 答案:instructor's 句意:上車之前,我原本認(rèn)為我已經(jīng)掌握了教練的指令。表所有關(guān)系,在名詞后直接加's。 20.(2017·全國卷Ⅱ)________ (interrupt) are one of the worst things to deal
50、with while you're trying to get work done. 答案:Interruptions 句意:當(dāng)你努力完成工作的時候,受到打擾是你要應(yīng)對的最壞的事情之一。作主語,需要用interrupt的名詞形式interruption,且由系動詞are可知,要用其復(fù)數(shù)形式interruptions。 21.(2019·中央民大附中月考)E-mail, as well as telephones, ________ (play) an important part in daily communication. 答案:is playing 句意:電子郵件,還有電話在日常生
51、活中起著很重要的作用。主語后接由as well as構(gòu)成的短語時,句子的謂語動詞要和主語的單復(fù)數(shù)和人稱保持一致,答案為is playing。 22.(2017·全國卷Ⅲ)After years of heated debate, gray ________ (wolf) were reintroduced to Yellowstone National Park. 答案:wolves 句意:多年的激烈爭論之后,灰狼重新被引進到了黃石國家公園。be動詞用了were,因此應(yīng)用wolf的復(fù)數(shù)形式。以-f/-fe結(jié)尾的名詞應(yīng)改f/fe為v,再加es。 23.(2017·全國卷Ⅲ)In fact
52、, the key to easy morning wake-up ________ (lie) in resetting your body clock. 答案:lies 句意:事實上,早晨輕松醒來的關(guān)鍵在于重新調(diào)整你的生物鐘。句子的主語是the key,謂語動詞應(yīng)用第三人稱單數(shù)。 24.(2017·全國卷Ⅲ)She has turned down several ________ (invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies. 答案:invitations 句意:為了專注于學(xué)習(xí),她拒絕了在許多
53、節(jié)目中充當(dāng)主演的邀請。several修飾可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式,因此填invitations。 25.(2018·山西重點中學(xué)模擬)The government ________ (have) promised to keep the whole-year registered unemployment rate below 4.5 percent. 答案:has 本句中的The government指政府這個整體,表示單數(shù)意義,此時謂語動詞用單數(shù),故用has。 26.(2018·湖南長沙高三調(diào)研)But much like other sports events, a lot of pro
54、fessional ________ (compete) rule the triathlon world. 答案:competitors 句意:但是與其他運動項目一樣,許多專業(yè)參賽選手統(tǒng)治三項全能界/領(lǐng)域。a lot of修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞,competitor是可數(shù)名詞,因此這里應(yīng)用其復(fù)數(shù)形式。 27.(2018·河南八市高三質(zhì)檢)Choosing what places to visit in Dubai is difficult, because even the hotels there are also amazing ________ (attract). 答案:
55、attractions 由空前的形容詞amazing可知,應(yīng)填提示詞的名詞形式attraction。attraction在此處意為“吸引人之物”,是可數(shù)名詞,表示這些旅館都是吸引人的地方,因此用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 28.(2018·河北衡水中學(xué)高三第十次模擬)More than one doctor ________ (be) involved in the rescue that took place after the earthquake. 答案:was 句意:許多醫(yī)生都加入到了震后的營救工作中?!癿ore than one+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)”作主語時,謂語動詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。又根據(jù)上下文可
56、知,設(shè)空處用動詞的過去式,故答案為was。 29.(2018·山東淄博實驗中學(xué)高三教學(xué)診斷)Mr Black, as well as the professor who ________ (come) from Peking University, ________ (be) to attend our school meeting. 答案:comes; is 句意:布萊克先生和一名來自北京大學(xué)的教授將來參加我們學(xué)校的會議。第一空考查定語從句中的主謂一致,第一空謂語動詞應(yīng)與先行詞 professor(第三人稱單數(shù))一致,故答案為 comes。第二個空與Mr Black保持一致,因為“A+a
57、s well as+B”作主語時,謂語動詞與A保持一致,故第二空答案為is。 30.(2018·中原名校質(zhì)檢)Dr White, as well as his students ________ (do) an experiment in the lab now. 答案:is doing 句意:懷特博士和他的學(xué)生們現(xiàn)在正在實驗室做實驗。當(dāng)主語后接由as well as構(gòu)成的短語時,句子的謂語動詞要與主語的單復(fù)數(shù)和人稱保持一致,所以謂語動詞用單數(shù)。 二、單句改錯 1.(2018·北京高考)I was one of the final run to finish. But I finis
58、hed! And I got a medal. ________________________________________________________________________ 答案:run→runners 根據(jù)句意,指“我”是最后一個完成賽跑的跑步者,同時結(jié)合“one of”可知,此處使用復(fù)數(shù)名詞,故將run改為runners。 2.(2018·江蘇高考)It found many youngsters (少年) now measure their status by how much public approve they get online, often thr
59、ough “l(fā)ikes”. ________________________________________________________________________ 答案:approve→approval 根據(jù)前面的“public” (公眾的)和“how much”可知,后面跟名詞,作get的賓語,故將approve改為approval。 3.(2017·全國卷Ⅰ)A build-it-yourself solar still (蒸餾器) is one of the best way to obtain drinking water in areas where the li
60、quid is not readily available. ________________________________________________________________________ 答案:way→ways 根據(jù)句意可知,這里指“其中一個最好的取水方式”,one of后應(yīng)接名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。 4.(2017·全國卷Ⅱ)In the coming months, we are bringing together artists from all over the globe, to enjoy speaking Shakespeare's play in their
61、own language. ________________________________________________________________________ 答案:play→plays 根據(jù)后半句語境可知,此處應(yīng)用play的復(fù)數(shù)形式,泛指莎士比亞的作品。 5.(2016·全國卷Ⅰ)My uncle tells me that the key to his success is honest. ________________________________________________________________________ 答案:honest→honest
62、y 句意:我叔叔告訴我他成功的關(guān)鍵就是誠實。此處是指誠實是他成功的關(guān)鍵,應(yīng)用名詞形式。 6.(2016·浙江高考)It is important to pay your electric bill on time, as late payments may affect your credit. ________________________________________________________________________ 答案:electric→electricity 句意:按時交電費很重要,因為交的遲會影響你的信用。electricity bill “電費”。 7.
63、(2016·四川高考)Mom has a full-time job, but she has to do most of the houseworks. ________________________________________________________________________ 答案:houseworks→housework 句意:媽媽有一份全職工作,但還是要做大部分的家務(wù)。housework為不可數(shù)名詞,沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式。 8.(2018·長春外國語學(xué)校檢測)You are the most considerate person who know exactly wh
64、at I need in our class. ________________________________________________________________________ 答案:know→knows 句意:你是我們班上最體貼的人,知道我恰好需要什么。know是定語從句中的謂語動詞,其單復(fù)數(shù)形式由先行詞person確定。由于person是單數(shù)形式,謂語動詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。 9.(2018·鄭州質(zhì)檢)More than one worker have been dismissed in our factory. __________________________
65、______________________________________________ 答案:have→has 句意:在我們工廠,不止一名工人被解雇了?!癿ore than one+單數(shù)名詞”作主語時,盡管意義上表示復(fù)數(shù),但是謂語動詞仍用單數(shù)形式。 10.(2018·河南名校聯(lián)考)The singer and teacher are speaking at the meeting. ________________________________________________________________________ 答案:are→is 句意:這名歌手兼老師正在會議上發(fā)言
66、。singer和teacher由一個限定詞“the”修飾,指的是同一人,因此謂語動詞用單數(shù)。 主謂一致 一、主謂一致的概念及原則 主謂一致即在句子中謂語動詞的數(shù)必須和主語的數(shù)保持一致。一般可根據(jù)三個原則來確定:語法一致原則、意義一致原則、就近一致原則。 二、主謂一致??伎键c 1.表示一類人的the poor/rich/dead/injured/wounded等作主語時,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 The_rich are to help the poor. 2.“主語+with/along with/together with/as well as/rather than/but/except等+名詞/代詞”,謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式與主語的單復(fù)數(shù)保持一致。 A gift together_with many flowers was sent to me on Teachers' Day by my students. 3.由either ... or ..., neither ... nor ..., not only ... but (also) ..., or,
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