《牛津譯林版英語(yǔ)八年級(jí)上冊(cè)《比較級(jí)與最高級(jí)》語(yǔ)法專講》由會(huì)員分享，可在線閱讀，更多相關(guān)《牛津譯林版英語(yǔ)八年級(jí)上冊(cè)《比較級(jí)與最高級(jí)》語(yǔ)法專講（16頁(yè)珍藏版）》請(qǐng)?jiān)谘b配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。

1、比較級(jí)與最高級(jí)語(yǔ)法專 This ruler is as long as that one. 講 形容詞分為三種等級(jí)：原級(jí)，比較級(jí)與最 高級(jí)。 一、形容詞的原級(jí)及用法 ?形容詞的原級(jí)（形容詞本來(lái)面目不作變 化） 1 .表示沒(méi)有進(jìn)行比較或進(jìn)行同級(jí)比較 2 .可以修飾原級(jí)的詞：very quite enough（“足夠”，用在形容詞后） so pretty too how rather（相當(dāng)）（not） as ???as （ “（不） 像樣”，同級(jí)比較）not so ???as （“不像???一樣”，同級(jí)比較） e.g. How happy we are! 我們多么高

2、興?。? 這把尺子和那把一樣長(zhǎng)。（變否定句） This ruler is not as/so 10ng as that one. 二、形容詞比較級(jí)最高級(jí) 變化規(guī)則 ①單音節(jié)詞比較級(jí)在詞尾加er,最高級(jí) 加est cold—colder —coldest tall —taller—tallest high—higher —highest long —longer —longest ②以字母e結(jié)尾的詞只加r或st nice —nicer —nicestlate — later — latest fine —finer—finest ③重讀閉音節(jié)雙寫輔音字母再加er 或

3、est big — bigger — biggest hot — hotter — hottest wet — wetter — wettest thin — thinner — thinnest red — redder — reddest fat — fatter — fattest sad — sadder — saddest ④以輔音字母+y 結(jié)尾的詞把y 變 i 再加 er 或 est easy — easier — easiest early — earlier — earliest funny — funnier — funniest happy — h

4、appier — happiest heavy — heavier — heaviest ⑤多音節(jié)詞、部分雙音節(jié)詞（特別是ful 結(jié)尾及 v.+ed/ing 構(gòu)成的形容詞 ）及個(gè) 別單音節(jié)詞 （fun） 在前面加 more 或 most interesting important difficult excitied tired careful popular expensive boring fun ⑥不規(guī)則變化 little — less — least good / well — better — best bad / ill / badly —— worse

5、—— worst many / much —— more —— most dirty — dirtier — dirtiest old — elder — eldest（ “年長(zhǎng)的” old —— older —— oldest （ 年齡 大的 , 與 than 連用 ） 只作定語(yǔ)不與 than 連用 ） 4. 形容詞比較級(jí)句式 far——farther——farthest （ 距離遠(yuǎn) ） far——further——furthest （ 除距離外 , 還指程度上更進(jìn)一步的 ） ?副詞比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的變化規(guī)則大致 與此相同 三、 比較級(jí)用 法 1 .表示兩者之

6、間進(jìn)行比較，“更???” 2 . 可以修飾比較級(jí)的詞 : much = a lot （…得多） a little = a bit （\點(diǎn)點(diǎn) ）even （甚至）far（遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)?…）any （絲 毫 , 稍微 , 用于否定和疑問(wèn)句中 ） ①A + be +形容詞的比較級(jí) + than + B. （A比B…） ② Which/Who +be +形容詞比較級(jí), A or B? （哪個(gè)/誰(shuí)更?…，A還是B?） 練習(xí)寫出下列 句子 凱特很瘦。 凱特和瑪麗誰(shuí)更瘦？ 瑪麗比凱特更瘦。 瑪麗比凱特更瘦嗎？是的 , 她是。 這個(gè)書包和這個(gè)箱子不一樣沉。 這個(gè)書包和這個(gè)箱子哪個(gè)更沉

7、？ 3. 比較級(jí)標(biāo)志 : than or 5.副詞比較級(jí)句式：①A+實(shí)義動(dòng)詞十副 這個(gè)箱子比書包更沉。 詞的比較級(jí)+ than B. （A …得比 B…） ②Which/Who +實(shí)義動(dòng)詞三單,A or B? （哪個(gè)/誰(shuí)?一得更?一，A還是B?） 練習(xí)寫出下列 句子 自行車和轎車哪個(gè)走得快？ 轎車比自行車走得快。 這只羊和這只狗跑得不一樣快。 這只羊比狗跑得快嗎？ 吉姆比湯姆上床睡覺(jué)早。 （上句同義句） 6.比較級(jí)特殊用法： ①the +比較級(jí)+of the two…"兩 他是兩個(gè)男孩中較高的。He s the taller of the two boys.

8、 ②“比較級(jí)+and+比較級(jí)''或" more and more +多音節(jié)詞” “越來(lái) 越…” 他越來(lái)越高。He s taller and talle匚 英語(yǔ)越來(lái)越重要 English is more and more important. ③The+比較級(jí)?…，the+比較級(jí)?…—— “越…，越…” 你越快樂(lè)就越美麗。The happier you are, the more beautiful you are. ④not +比較級(jí)+than…"不如?…， 不比???” no + 比較級(jí)+than…"一樣都 不…” 者中較?一的” sister s class

9、 You are not taller than me. 我是我們班最聰明的 I m the She s nicer than any girl in her 不比我高。 You are nojaller than me.你和我 一樣都不高。 ⑤比較級(jí) +than any other +sig.+in+ 同 一范圍 ——“比同一范圍中其他任何一個(gè) 更…” 比較級(jí)+than any +sig.+in+非同一范圍 ——“比非同一范圍中任何一個(gè) 更…” She s nicer than any other girl in her class.她比班里其

10、他任何一個(gè)女孩 都漂亮。 （主語(yǔ)本身就在比較范圍之中，因此是在 同一范圍就主語(yǔ)與其他任何一個(gè)比較） 她比她妹妹班里任何一個(gè)女孩都漂亮。 （主語(yǔ)不在該較范圍之中，因此主語(yǔ)可 以與該范圍內(nèi)任何一個(gè)作比較） ?該用法雖然出現(xiàn)了 in所引導(dǎo)的比較范 圍但是仍要用比較級(jí)，此成為用比較級(jí) 表示最高級(jí),實(shí)質(zhì)是最高級(jí)。 四、最局級(jí) 用法 1 .表示三者或三者以上的比較，“最? ? ? ” 2 .形容詞最高級(jí)前必須加the,副詞前的 the可以省略。 3 .最高級(jí)標(biāo)志：in of or 4 .句式：①the + 最高級(jí) +（n.） + in + 比較范圍 cleverest in ou

11、r class. She looks nicer than I. ②the +最高級(jí)+(n.) + of +同類事物 這本書是所有書中最有趣的。The book is the most interesting of all the books. ③ Which/Who +v.(單數(shù))+ 最高級(jí)，A, B or C? Jay, Will 和JJ誰(shuí)最收歡迎？Who is the most popular, Jay, Will or JJ? 五、例題解析與 難點(diǎn)攻克 ?主語(yǔ)為人時(shí)than后面的比較對(duì)象若用 代詞用主格還是賓格？ () She looks nicer tha

12、n me. () Notes:than可以作連詞其后跟省略句， 該省略句構(gòu)成為(主格+助動(dòng)詞/be/情態(tài) 動(dòng)詞)，而謂語(yǔ)部分可省略；than還可以 作介詞在口語(yǔ)中跟人稱代詞賓格 ?主語(yǔ)為物時(shí)的比較對(duì)象的一致性問(wèn)題 2.Her hair is longer than her mother. () Her hair is longer than her 3.My bag is bigger than you. 請(qǐng)判斷正誤： ( ) 1. She looks nicer than I do. My bag is bigger than your. mother' s. ()

13、 My bag is bigger than your bag. () My bag is bigger than yours. () Notes:比較對(duì)象應(yīng)與主語(yǔ)對(duì)等，當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為 限定詞+n.時(shí),than后的其比較對(duì)象可 為： ①限定詞+n. ②名詞所有格(一般省略其后相同的名 詞) ③名詞性物主代詞(二形容詞性物主代詞 +n.) mine yours his hers its ours theirs 4 .The weather of Beijing is colder than Shanghai. () The weather of Beijing is cold

14、er than that of Shanghai. () Notes:當(dāng)主語(yǔ)有后置定語(yǔ)修飾時(shí)，為保證 比較對(duì)象一致，常用that/thoes 指代比 較對(duì)象。 ?比較范圍 5 .The Changjing River is the longest China. The Changjing River is the longest all the rivers in China. Notes:在最高級(jí)中,in后跟比較范圍,of 后跟進(jìn)行比較的同類事物。 6 .China is larger than any country in Asia.() China is larger

15、 than any other country in Asia( ) ?同義句轉(zhuǎn)換問(wèn)題 7.He is taller than anyone else in the that one. class. = He is taller student in the class. = He is taller students in the class. = He is the student in the class. Notes: 同一范圍內(nèi)比較 比較級(jí) +than any other +sig.+in 比較級(jí) +than anyone else +in … =比較級(jí)

16、+than the other +pl.+in （ 只有同一范圍比較才能出現(xiàn) other/else） 非同一范圍內(nèi)比較 比較級(jí) +than any+sig.+in … = That coat is than this one. = That coat isn ’ t big this one. Notes: A+v.+ 比較級(jí) +than+B （A 比B更?…） = B+v.+ 比較級(jí)反義詞 +than+A （B比A更?…） =B+v.+not as（so） … as ??? （B與A不一*樣?…） ? “l(fā)ess+多音節(jié)詞原級(jí)+than…” “不如…” 一降

17、級(jí)比較 = That coat is less expensive than this one. Self Check 8. This coat is more expensiver than 1.I feel tired, so I want to go to bed most famous D.less famous 8. — How are you today? — Much A.famous B.more famous C.the tonight. A.early B.earlier C.late D.later 2 .The food of our coun

18、try is ___ than that of western countries. A.rather good thanB.much better than C.more better thanD.so goos as 3 .The ice in the lake is as as it was before. A.thin B.thinner C.thinnest Dthe thinnest 4 .Who is running star in your school? 5 . — Which season do you like ? — Summer. A.go

19、od B.well C.the better D.best 6 .Lucy ’ s pen is ___ nicer than yours. A.too B.more C.quite D.a little 7 . — Is your brother as outgoing as you? — No, he ’ s a quiet boy. He is . A.less outgoing than me 8 .not so calm as I C.more outgoing than me D.as outgoing as I A.good B.well C.better

20、 D.the best 9 .T om’ s card is newer than . A.our B.her C.my D.his 10 .___ is more beautiful than roses. A. No other flower B. No another flower C. Not other flower D. Not all flowers 11 .Mary studies harder in her class. A. as any one B. than any other girl C. than the other D. than any

21、one 1 .He is 3 times as (old) as me. 1.1 ’ m too tired to go any .(far) 3 .Who is , Lily or Lucy? 4 .Tom is the (heavy) of the three. 5 .Tom is the of the two boys. 6 .Russia is (large) than any other country in the world. 7 .His computer is the (expensive) of all. 8 .You are pretty (bea

22、utiful). 9 .The book is (useful) than that one. 10 .Who’ s the (healthy) , you, he or she? 11 .How (small) the shirt is! I want a (big) one. 12 .You have (short) and (curly) hair than Susan. 13 .Is this street a lot (noisy) than that one? 1.1 I feel much (excited) now. 1.50 occer is bec

23、oming and (popalar) in China. 16 .My sister doesn ’ t write as (good) as I do. 17 .The (much) you practice, the (good) your English will be. 18 .No other animal is (scary) than a snake. 20 .What a (funny) boy! 21 .You’ re (bad) at sports than me. 22 .It ’ s the third (long) river in Chin

24、a. 1.1 have a big bag. He has a small bag. ( 合并 ) My bag is than . 2 .You are funny. He’ s funny, too. (合 并) You are funny him. 3 .Tom is thinner than Sam. ( 同義 句) =Sam is than Tom. =Sam isn’ t as as Tom. 19.Math is less (difficult) than English. 4.He and I are the same. We are quite boys. （ 合并 ） He is quite I. 5.They’ re tall. You’ re tall. too.But I ’ m tallerthan anyone else. （ 合并 ） I ’ m of all.