《（江蘇專用）2019高考英語二輪增分策略 專題三 閱讀理解 第二節(jié) 分類突破 2 細節(jié)理解-間接信息題優(yōu)選習題》由會員分享，可在線閱讀，更多相關《（江蘇專用）2019高考英語二輪增分策略 專題三 閱讀理解 第二節(jié) 分類突破 2 細節(jié)理解-間接信息題優(yōu)選習題（21頁珍藏版）》請在裝配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。

1、 二、細節(jié)理解—— 間接信息題 (2018·全國Ⅰ，A) Washington，D.C.Bicycle Tours Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington，D.C. Duration：3 hours This small group bike tour is a fantastic way to see the world-famous cherry trees with beautiful flowers of Washington，D.C.Your guide will provide a history lesson about

2、 the trees and the famous monuments where they blossom.Reserve your spot before availability—and the cherry blossoms—disappear! Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour Duration：3 hours (4 miles) Join a guided bike tour and view some of the most popular monuments in Washington，D.C.Explore the mo

3、numents and memorials on the National Mall as your guide shares unique facts and history at each stop.Guided tour includes bike，helmet，cookies and bottled water. Capital City Bike Tour in Washington，D.C. Duration：3 hours Morning or Afternoon，this bike tour is the perfect tour for D．C.newcomers an

4、d locals looking to experience Washington，D.C.in a healthy way with minimum effort.Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most interesting stories about Presidents，Congress，memorials，and parks.Comfortable bikes and a smooth tour route(路線) make cycling between the sites fun and relaxing. W

5、ashington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour Duration：3 hours (7 miles) Join a small group bike tour for an evening of exploration in the heart of Washington，D.C.Get up close to the monuments and memorials as you bike the sites of Capitol Hill and the National Mall.Frequent stops are made for pho

6、to taking as your guide offers unique facts and history.Tour includes bike，helmet，and bottled water.All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights. 21．Which tour do you need to book in advance? A．Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington，D.C. B．Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle

7、 Tour. C．Capital City Bike Tour in Washington，D.C. D．Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour. 答案　A 解析　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一項自行車旅行中的最后一句“Reserve your spot before availability—and the cherry blossoms—disappear！”可知，這項自行車旅行需要提前預訂。其他三項自行車旅行都沒有提到需要預訂。 22．What will you do on the Capital City Bike Tour? A

8、．Meet famous people. B．Go to a national park. C．Visit well-known museums. D．Enjoy interesting stories. 答案　D 解析　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三項自行車旅行中的第二句“Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most interesting stories about Presidents，Congress，memorials，and parks.”可知，在Capital City Bike Tour中，導游會為你講述關于總統(tǒng)、國

9、會、紀念碑和公園的最有趣的故事。 23．Which of the following does the bicycle tour at night provide? A．City maps. B．Cameras. C．Meals. D．Safety lights. 答案　D 解析　細節(jié)理解題。由題干中的at night可定位到最后一項自行車旅行。根據(jù)最后兩句“Tour includes bike，helmet，and bottled water.All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights.”可

10、知，在晚上進行的這項自行車旅行給游客配備了安全燈。 一、題型解讀 1．話題特點 常考查間接信息理解類的話題有9：(1)人物類；(2)故事類；(3)文化教育類；(4)史地自然類； (5)社會生活類；(6)科普說明類。 2．設問形式 特殊疑問句形式或填空形式： (1)According to the author/passage，... (2)What can we learn about...? (3)What was the reason for...? 二、解題技巧——“斷章取義”定答案 第一步：閱讀題干，確定關鍵詞，鎖定原文相關信息 第二步：定位題干關鍵詞的

11、轉換形式 第三步：利用正確選項特征，確定答案 正確選項特征： (1)用同義或近義詞復現(xiàn)。如【真題感悟】第21題題干中book in advance“提前預定”與原文中“Reserve your spot before availability—and the cherry blossoms—disappear(在有效期即櫻花消失前預約)”意思相同，所以知答案為A項。 (2)同根詞或原詞復現(xiàn)。 (3)語言簡化。簡化原文中的復雜語言現(xiàn)象，并設置為答案。 (4)反義詞復現(xiàn)。把原文中的意思反過來表達。 A (2018·山東棗莊一模) Natalie Trayling is a f

12、amous street artist in Melbourne.At first，those who happened to pass by her and spare some change didn’t even realize what a musical 1genius was playing.The emotional tune was not only masterfully played but also composed by Natalie herself when she was only 14.Gradually，as long as she appears，peopl

13、e will stop，absorbed in her music.Her music makes you think about calmness，the good things in life，and never giving up. But what people do not know is that behind the beautiful music of the old woman，it is full of bitterness.At the age of 12，she won a music 2scholarship at Santa Maria College.At 15

14、 she knocked back a scholarship to the Royal Academy of Music in London because her parents couldn’t pay non-tuition costs.When she left school，she taught piano at Santa Maria.Later she met her husband，Denis.They had four children，but the two of them died.In 1984，Denis asked for a divorce.Natalie’s

15、son，Nathan，was given medication for depression.Natalie lived either outdoors in Royal Park or in boarding houses for nine years.In late 2003 Natalie collapsed with anaemia(貧血) and was hospitalized for six months. For half a century，Natalie has been 3teased by fate.But even so，she never gave up her

16、love for music.When asked why music was so important to her，she said，“Music is everything.I do feel part of it.The whole world is music.” When Natalie went on the Internet，she became a sign of Melbourne.People are impressed by her 4persistence in dreams and the optimism of life.Now she is no longer

17、 wandering around.She can play the piano at any time，but as long as the weather is good，she will walk to the streets of Melbourne，and play a 9touching melody for the rush of the city. 1．Why is Natalie’s music so touching to the passers-by? A．It is full of bitterness. B．She composed it herself.

18、 C．It’s a reflection of her own life. D．It reminds them of the beauty of life. 答案　D 解析　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后兩句“Gradually，as long as she appears，people will stop，absorbed in her music.Her music makes you think about calmness，the good things in life，and never giving up.”可知，路人聽到娜塔莉的演奏都會駐足聆聽，因為娜塔莉的樂聲讓你沉靜下來，思

19、考生命中那些美好的事物，讓你覺得永遠都不要放棄。故選D。 2．Which of the following can replace the underlined words “knocked back” in Paragraph 2? A．Gave up. B．Obtained. C．Accepted. D．Was awarded. 答案　A 解析　詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞后面的“because her parents couldn’t pay non-tuition costs”可知，娜塔莉在15歲時拒絕了倫敦皇家音樂學院的獎學金，因為她的父母負擔不起學費以外的費用。故選A。

20、 3．What does music mean to Natalie? A．It’s her hobby. B．It’s the source of her misfortune. C．It is part of her life. D．It’s a way to earn a living. 答案　C 解析　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Music is everything.I do feel part of it.The whole world is music.”可知，對娜塔莉而言，音樂就是一切，她覺得自己是它的一部分，音樂是全世界。故選C。 4．What does th

21、e author try to tell us? A．Natalie is a musical genius. B．Life is not easy for everyone. C．Never give up halfway. D．Natalie has a strong and brave heart. 答案　D 解析　推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段得知娜塔莉在網(wǎng)上走紅后，一下子成了墨爾本的標志。人們被她對夢想的執(zhí)著和對生活的樂觀精神所打動。說明作者想通過本文向我們介紹墨爾本堅強、勇敢的街頭藝術家娜塔莉。故選D。 B (2018·山東泰安質檢) Honesty is the be

22、st policy.We may agree that admitting mistakes and behaving in a genuine way is the right way to lead our lives，but is there something in our human nature that makes us immoral？For example，in some shops and car parks you can find an honesty box—a box where you pay for something by putting money in i

23、t—but it relies on you to put the right amount of cash in.This relies on people being honest and not trying to cheat but it does provide a 5temptation to 6get away with not paying the full amount. Philip Graves，a psychologist，suggests that this temptation is part of our 7evolution.He says，“We have

24、evolved with the ability to be dishonest.It’s part of our evolutionary psychological make-up—because if we can gain an advantage over the people around us，we have a greater chance of surviving.” So why do we place such importance on being honest if we benefit from being dishonest? It’s because it i

25、s selfish behavior.If everybody acted selfishly and dishonestly all the time，the world would be a very unpleasant place.As Philip Graves says，“There is a balance to strike between the extent to which we can feather our own nest，so to speak，and the risk of being ostracized(排斥) by the group.” So，for s

26、ocieties to work together we need to trust each other and therefore we need to be honest. Being trustworthy with money is of course vital for an economy to survive.But being honest with words is another matter，saying what we think to someone can get us into hot water.However，a new anonymous messagi

27、ng app has been designed that lets anyone with a link to your profile(簡介) to send you a message without knowing who it’s from.The app now has 300 million users which perhaps indicates how honest we really like to be—but in all honesty，do you want to know what people think about you? Is honesty alway

28、s the best policy? 語篇解讀　這是一篇議論文。在生活、工作中，誠實一定是上策嗎？本文討論了誠實守信是人的本能還是社交生活的必然產(chǎn)物。 5．What does an honesty box require people to do? A．Get the change out of it freely. B．Put the correct amount of money in it. C．Donate the pocket money to others. D．Pay a larger amount of money. 答案　B 解析　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中

29、的“For example，in some shops and car parks you can find an honesty box—a box where you pay for something by putting money in it—but it relies on you to put the right amount of cash in.”可知，誠實盒子要求人們在盒子里放入正確數(shù)目的錢。故選B。 6．According to Philip Graves，being dishonest . A．is a disadvantage B．shoul

30、d be 8advocated C．is part of our evolution D．helps people survive better 答案　C 解析　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段Philip Graves的話“We have evolved with the ability to be dishonest.It’s part of our evolutionary psychological make-up—because if we can gain an advantage over the people around us，we have a greater chance

31、of surviving.”可知，不誠實是我們進化的一部分。故選C。 7．What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A．The reason for being honest. B．The benefit of being dishonest. C．The 10outcome of selfishness. D．The importance of group work. 答案　A 解析　段落大意題。根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容尤其是該段首句“So why do we place such importance on being honest if we

32、benefit from being dishonest？”可知，此段主要向我們敘述要誠實的原因。故選A。 8．What can we infer from the text? A．Honesty is always the best policy. B．The author is in favor of dishonesty. C．The market of the new app is promising. D．Being honest with words is sometimes improper. 答案　D 解析　推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段第二句“But being ho

33、nest with words is another matter，saying what we think to someone can get us into hot water.”可知，誠實的話有時候是不恰當?shù)?。故選D。 Ⅰ.障礙詞匯突破 (一)閱讀下列句子，并根據(jù)句意猜測畫線部分的意思 1．Chaplin was not just a genius，but he was among the most influential figures in film history. 天才 2．Angela’s 7,000 tuition at university this yea

34、r will be paid for with scholarships.獎學金 3．He teased the dog by pulling its tail.戲弄 4．It requires time and persistence，so stick with it.毅力；堅持 5．Resist the temptation to buy the item until you’re certain you need it.誘惑 6．Those who lie and cheat will never get away with it.(做了錯事)不受懲罰 7．The theor

35、y of evolution is the scientific idea that plants and animals develop and change gradually over a long period of time.進化 8．We advocate strict control of pollution to protect the environment.提倡 (二)同義詞語替換 9．The movie is about a sweet，touching romance story between a girl and a boy after their onlin

36、e encounter.moving 10．Five minutes from the end，the outcome of the match was still in doubt.result Ⅱ.長難句理解 1．When asked why music was so important to her，she said，“Music is everything.I do feel part of it.The whole world is music.” [句式分析]　本句話主干為簡單句五種句型中的主謂賓結構，主干的主語是 she，謂語是said，賓語是直接引語“Music is

37、everything.I do feel part of it.The whole world is music.”。When asked why music was so important to her是狀語從句的省略形式，補充完整為When she was asked why music was so important to her。 [精美譯文]　當被問到為什么音樂對她那么重要時，她說：“音樂就是一切，我覺得自己是它的一部分，音樂是全世界?！? 2．For example，in some shops and car parks you can find an honesty box

38、—a box where you pay for something by putting money in it—but it relies on you to put the right amount of cash in. [句式分析]　本句是并列句，第一個簡單句是you can find an honesty box；a box where you pay for something by putting money in it是同位語，對前面的an honesty box加以解釋；where you pay for something by putting money in it是

39、定語從句。第二個簡單句是it relies on you to put the right amount of cash in。 [精美譯文]　例如，在一些商店和停車場，你會發(fā)現(xiàn)誠實盒子，就是你往里面放你買東西所花的錢的盒子，但是在盒子里放入正確數(shù)目的錢這依靠你自己。 專題強化練(十七) Ⅰ.單項填空 1．Physically challenged as Jack was，he did not himself to his fate. A．resist B．reserve C．resign D．rescue 答案　C 解析　考查動詞詞義辨析。句意為：杰

40、克雖然身體不太好，但是他不愿屈服于自己的命運。resist抵抗，抗拒；reserve儲備，保留；resign委托，使聽從，屈服；rescue營救，援救。resign oneself to one’s fate屈服于自己的命運，為固定短語，故C項正確。 2．Have you ever been in a situation you know the other person is right yet you cannot agree with him? A．where B．which C．that D．a(chǎn)s 答案　A 解析　句意為：你是否曾經(jīng)處于這樣一種境況？

41、你明知道另一個人是對的，但你卻不能同意他的看法。分析句子可知，句中的先行詞為situation，在從句中作地點狀語，應使用關系副詞where。 3．She then took the little key，and opened it，trembling，but could not at first see anything ，because the windows were shut. A．plainly B．closely C．firmly D．frequently 答案　A 解析　句意為：于是她拿了那把小鑰匙，顫抖著打開了它，但是因為窗戶都是關著的，一開始

42、沒能看清楚任何東西。closely緊密地，接近的；firmly堅定地；frequently頻繁地，均與句意不符。plainly清楚地，符合句意。 4．While interacting with people in India，I was to a way of life completely different from my own. A．reduced B．exposed C．committed D．transferred 答案　B 解析　句意為：在印度與人交流時，我接觸到了一種生活方式，與我的完全不同。be reduced to減少到，淪落為；be

43、committed to致力于；be transferred to被轉移到，均不符合句意。be exposed to接觸到，暴露于，符合語境。 5．Watching basketball games on TV at home is one thing，while going to watch them live is quite another. A．perform B．performing C．to perform D．being performed 答案　D 解析　句意為：在家里的電視上看籃球比賽是一回事，去看現(xiàn)場比賽又是另外一回事。根據(jù)句意可知，

44、perform與其邏輯主語them之間為被動關系，且此處表示去現(xiàn)場看正在進行的比賽，故應用being performed作賓語them的補足語，故D項正確。 6． work and creative activities have been important drivers of human progress is deeply rooted in our social values. A．How B．Whether C．That D．Why 答案　C 解析　句意為：工作和創(chuàng)造性活動是人類進步的重要驅動者，這深深地植根于我們的社會價值觀中。“

45、 work and creative activities have been important drivers of human progress”作主語，是主語從句，該從句結構意思完整，故應用that引導該從句。 7．—Don’t make a special journey to pick up the laundry for me. —It’s OK.I to the shop anyway. A．was going B．will have gone C．have gone D．will be going 答案　D 解析　句意為：——不用專門為我

46、去取衣服?！獩]關系。反正我都要去商店。由第一句可知，去取衣服是還沒有發(fā)生的事情，由此可知，去商店是將來的事情，故D選項正確。D選項的將來進行時相當于一般將來時。 8．—What is your impression of your former colleague Nick? —He’s helpful，and he give us a hand at work. A．must B．would C．may D．should 答案　B 解析　句意為：——你對前同事尼克的印象怎樣？——他很樂于助人，并經(jīng)常在工作中幫助我們。must必須，肯定；would過去常

47、常，將；may可能，可以；should竟然，應該。由第一句中的“former colleague”可知，Nick過去常常幫助同事，故B選項正確。 9． the oil under the sea，the company has raised ample funds to develop petroleum exploration equipment. A．Exploiting B．Having exploited C．To exploit D．Exploited 答案　C 解析　句意為：為了探索海底石油，該公司籌集了充足的資金來開發(fā)石油勘探設備。此處為動詞不定

48、式作目的狀語，故C選項正確。 10．Thanks to the special chemical of the soil in the mountainous area，this economic plant grows well there. A．composition B．competence C．construction D．conclusion 答案　A 解析　句意為：由于山區(qū)里土壤的特殊化學成分，這種經(jīng)濟作物在那兒生長得非常好。composition構成，合成物，成分；competence能力；construction建造；conclusion結論

49、。根據(jù)常識可知，這里指化學成分，A選項正確。 Ⅱ.閱讀理解 A (2018·興化一中考前適應性練習) Primavera Sound To kick off the summer，there’s no better place to be than Barcelona.On the concert lineup，you’ll find bands like The Zombies，Arcade Fire，and Bon Iver.Then take some time to soak up the local food，wine，and culture. Date: May

50、 31—June 4,2018 Location: Barcelona，Spain Music Type：Indie，rock，hip-hop Price：80—300 (around 86—323) Recommended places to stay in Barcelona： Hotel 1898 Hotel Barcelona Universal Mercer Hotel Barcelona Governors Ball One of the greatest summer concerts in New York City is Governor’s Ball，wh

51、ich takes place in early June at Randall’s Island Park.Some of the many artists playing include Tool，Phoenix，Lorde，F(xiàn)lume，and the Wu-Tang Clan. Date：June 2—4,2018 Location：New York City，New York，USA Music Type：Rock，hip-hop，pop Price：105—305 Recommended places to stay in New York City： W New Yor

52、k-Union Square，Union Square，New York City，United States A loft Harlem Super 8 Long Island City LGA Hotel Courtyard New York Manhattan/Upper East Side Bonnaroo Bonnaroo is another epic summer event that draws in crowds of around 60,000 each year.Some of the most iconic music legends will be play

53、ing this year，including U2，Red Hot Chili Peppers，The Weekend，and Chance the Rapper. Date：June 8—11,2018 Location：Manchester，Tennessee，USA Music Type：Rock，hip-hop Price：210.50—554＋fees Recommended places to stay in Manchester： Microtel Inn & Suites by Wyndham Manchester Country Inn & Suites Ma

54、nchester The Ambassador Inn & Luxury 語篇解讀　本篇為應用文，給讀者推薦了三個夏天要聽的音樂會，以及聽音樂會要住的地方，這些音樂會由不同的樂隊，在不同的時間、地點演奏，價格也有所不同，但也有共同之處：演奏搖滾和hip-hop(嘻哈)音樂。 11．On which of the days can you enjoy Rock，hip-hop in Primavera Sound? A．June 1,2018. B．June 5,2018. C．June 9,2018. D．June 11,2018. 答案　A 解析　細節(jié)理解題。由Pr

55、imavera Sound 中的“Date：May 31—June 4,2018”可知，我們可以在5月31日到6月4日之間欣賞Primavera Sound的搖滾和嘻哈音樂，因此A項正確。 12．To witness iconic music legend Chance the Rapper playing，which of the following is the recommended place to stay? A．Courtyard New York Manhattan. B．Hotel Barcelona Universal. C．Randall’s Island Park

56、. D．The Ambassador Inn & Luxury. 答案　D 解析　細節(jié)理解題。由Bonnaroo中的“Some of the most iconic music legends will be playing this year，including...and Chance the Rapper.”以及推薦地點中包括“The Ambassador Inn & Luxury”可知D項正確。 B (2018·無錫一中期初考試) MCDONALD’S drew ridicule in China when it changed its registered name th

57、ere to Jingongmen，or “Golden Arches”，in October，after it was sold to a Chinese corporate.Some on Weibo thought it sounded old-fashioned and awkward，others thinking that it had connotations(隱含意義) of furniture.The fast-food chain was quick to reassure customers that its restaurants would continue to g

58、o by Maidanglao，a rough transliteration(音譯) that has，over the years，become a recognizable brand name.But for most companies now entering Chinese markets，transliterations are a thing of the past，says Amanda Liu，vice-president of Labbrand(朗標公司)，a consultancy based in Shanghai that advises firms on bra

59、nd names. Companies are instead choosing Chinese names with meanings that capture people’s imagination.That often involves going beyond a direct translation.New entrants are taking inspiration from BMW，which is the evocative Baoma，or ‘treasure horse’，in China，and from Coca-Cola，which is Kekoukele，o

60、r ‘delicious happiness’． The naming process is forcing companies to think harder about the image they want to project in China，says Ms Liu.LinkedIn，a professional-networking site owned by Microsoft，chose the name Lingyin，or ‘leading elite’，in 2014，signifying more exclusivity than its Western name.H

61、er other corporate customers have included Airbnb，Marvel Comics and Haribo.Labbrand tests proposals with focus groups，ensuring that the name has no negative associations in any of the major Chinese dialects. A vital part of the process is checking that candidate names have not already been snapped

62、up.The Chinese are energetic trademarkers：in 2015 there were 2.8m trademark applications in China，more than treble those in America and the EU combined.Companies considering entering the Chinese market might often find that their products have already been given local names，thanks，for example，to cov

63、erage in the press. Some even find that their Chinese name has already been trademarked，says Matthew Dresden of Harris Bricken，a law firm，either by their own distributors，competitors seeking to block its entry，counterfeiters(偽造者) hoping to pass as the company，or squatters(擅自占用房屋或土地的人) intending to

64、sell the trademark to the highest bidder.Counterfeiters might also take advantage of soundalikes，says Mr Dresden，who advises clients to trademark those，too. Perhaps thanks to these mishaps(小事故)，foreign firms are getting wiser to the importance of naming in China.More Chinese firms are also seeking

65、advice on foreign names，says Ms Liu，as they seek to conquer Western markets.Both know that if they blunder，the social-media critics will be waiting. 語篇解讀　對于那些將進入中國市場的公司來說，采用音譯名已是明日黃花，各外國企業(yè)轉而選擇能激發(fā)想像的中文名稱。中文名促使外國企業(yè)進一步思考在中國樹立的形象。隨著越來越多的中國企業(yè)希望占領西方市場，中外企業(yè)都知道，如果名字沒有取好，社交媒體上的批評就會找上門來。 13．The example of

66、 McDonald in Paragraph 1 indicates that . A．it’s not a wise move for McDonald to change its name B．transliteration becomes less popular for many companies C．Chinese customers don’t like the new name D．having a good name is important for companies 答案　B 解析　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句中“But for most companies now entering Chinese markets，transliterations are a thing of the past”可推斷，麥當勞在中國注冊的中文名的事例暗示對于許多公司來說采用音譯名已成為過去，不太受歡迎了。故選B。 14．According to the passage，with a proper Chinese name，companies ent