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1、課時達(dá)標(biāo)(八) Unit 3 Computers Ⅰ 閱讀理解 A 課標(biāo)話題 人與社會·科技發(fā)展與信息技術(shù)創(chuàng)新 體裁 說明文 詞 數(shù) 187 難度 (2019·河南中原名校統(tǒng)考)Robot Turtles is a board game designed to teach kids ages 3～8 about computer programming. It began as a project on the crowdfunding site Kickstarter, where its founders raised over $600,000 whe

2、n they were only attempting to raise $25,000. The original version(版本) was sold out, but ThinkFun, a top board game company, will be releasing a new version. Pre-orders are being taken now at The game works like any other board games. It has a board, playing cards and game pieces. The programming

3、concepts are integrated(統(tǒng)一) in such a slight way that kids may not even realise how much they’re learning. The game is easy to explain to young kids. The game pieces and cards are also bright and easy to handle. Your students won’t be writing codes or building web sites after playing a few games o

4、f Robot Turtles, but they will understand some of the basic concepts involved. Robot Turtles would be an easy way for kids in kindergarten, first or second grade to dip a toe into the waters of computer programming. 語篇導(dǎo)讀　本文主要介紹了一款教兒童電腦編程的游戲。 1．Where will you order in advance a new version of the

5、game? A．In the library． B．In the store. C．On the Internet． D．On TV shopping. 解析　C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后兩句可知，可以在網(wǎng)上預(yù)訂這款游戲的新版本，故選C項。 2．What does the second paragraph mainly talk about? A．What Robot Turtles is. B．How Robot Turtles works. C．How hard Robot Turtles is to use. D．How to use Robot Turtles in

6、the classroom. 解析　B　主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段可知，這一段主要介紹了這款游戲是怎樣操作的，故選B項。 3．How is the game to kids? A．Easy． B．Cheap. C．Difficult． D．Expensive. 解析　A　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段、第四段和第五段中的Robot Turtles would be an easy way for kids in kindergarten可知，這款游戲?qū)⒆觽儊碚f是很容易的，故選A項。 B 課標(biāo)話題 人與社會·科技發(fā)展與信息技術(shù)創(chuàng)新 體裁 說明文 詞 數(shù) 268 難度 (

7、2019·山東勝利一中質(zhì)檢)Researchers at the University of Chicago have trained an artificial intelligence(AI) system to write fake(偽造的) reviews on Yelp, a website showing customers’ reviews on shopping or something else, and it’s pretty hard to tell them apart from a human review. Their study, which will be p

8、resented at the ACM Conference on Computer and Communications Security in October, aimed to stress how easily these systems can write reviews like humans and how damaging they can become if they’re not mentioned properly. Since many small businesses rely on online reviews to help grow and support

9、their reputation, a future where someone—like a competitor or angry customer—could crazily fill their page with bad reviews written by a machine is pretty worrying. And, according to the research team, the threat goes far beyond a bunch of fake reviews on Yelp. “In general, the threat is bigger，”

10、Ben Y．Zhao, one of the authors of the study, said. “I think the threat toward society is large and it really misleads users and shakes our belief in what is real and what is not. I think that’s going to be even more unimaginable.” To test how believable these reviews came across, the researchers i

11、nvited 40 volunteers and had AI generate(生成) five fake reviews for 40 actual restaurants. The volunteers were asked how useful they thought the reviews were and whether or not they thought they were fake. The AI reviews ranked as “effectively indistinguishable” from real reviews, according to the st

12、udy. Further, the fake reviews were given a 3.15 “usefulness” rating, compared to a 3.28 rating for human reviews. 語篇導(dǎo)讀　芝加哥大學(xué)的研究者們研發(fā)了一種可以在網(wǎng)上寫虛假評論的AI系統(tǒng)。本文介紹了這種系統(tǒng)的由來、可能存在的危害等。 4．Why do researchers use AI system to write fake reviews on Yelp? A．To press their study at the ACM Conference. B．To repl

13、ace humans’ reviews with AI reviews. C．To make sure that they are not harmful to our life. D．To make a study on AI system’s review writing. 解析　D　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段可知，該項研究的目的是要看這些系統(tǒng)如何輕易地像人一樣寫評論以及這種評論會帶來多大的破壞性，由此可推斷，研究者們的目的是為了對AI系統(tǒng)的評論書寫情況進(jìn)行研究，故選D項。 5．According to the text, what do we know about the AI re

14、views? A．They can be found everywhere. B．They are hardly helpful to our life. C．They can be vital to small businesses. D．They bring us a lot of convenience. 解析　C　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段可知，許多小企業(yè)依靠網(wǎng)上的評論來提高聲譽(yù)，從而促進(jìn)其發(fā)展，所以AI系統(tǒng)寫的評論對小企業(yè)來說很重要，故選C項。 6．What does the last paragraph tell us? A．AI reviews were effect

15、ively distinguishable. B．AI system was really a help in review writing. C．Restaurants should care for customers’ reviews. D．AI reviews were almost as believable as humans’. 解析　D　推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段最后兩句可知，AI系統(tǒng)寫的虛假評論被認(rèn)為和真正的評論區(qū)別很小，前者的識別率是3.15，后者的是3.28，由此可推知，AI系統(tǒng)寫的評論幾乎和人寫的評論一樣可信，故選D項。 7．What’s the author’

16、s purpose of writing the text? A．To emphasize the importance of AI studying. B．To predict what the world will be like tomorrow. C．To warn people of the threat AI will possibly make. D．To tell the differences between AI reviews and humans’. 解析　C　寫作意圖題。文中介紹了AI系統(tǒng)所寫的評論可以以假亂真，第四段則講述了這種虛假評論的危害，由此可推斷出

17、，本文的目的是提醒人們AI可能造成的威脅，故選C項。 Ⅱ 完形填空 課標(biāo)話題 人與自我·優(yōu)秀品行 體裁 記敘文 詞 數(shù) 282 難度 (2019·大連雙基檢測)LoAnna and Kris’ kids were playing outside on a sunny Saturday. Suddenly LoAnna heard a huge sound. She __1__ outside to see wide mud, sand, and rocks __2__ down the hill. She phoned Kris __3__ and Kris sped

18、 back home. But traffic had come to a __4__ . Kris had to run. Suddenly, he heard a woman screaming for help. As he __5__ the sound through mud, he only saw an arm reaching up, holding a boy. Kris kept her talking while __6__ the wood, metal trapping the mother and child. Finally, he was able to _

19、_7__ the baby. By this time, other citizens had __8__ it to the site. With others taking the __9__ in rescuing the woman, Kris continued his way home. Soon, he heard a(n) __10__ moan(呻吟) from the ruins again. The man buried was about twice Kris’ weight and, __11__ , he’d have to wait for more help

20、. Hearing a helicopter above, Kris climbed up on the roof, and led a rescuer to the trapped man. __12__ the rest of the helicopter crew arrived, Kris left to find his __13__ . Hours later, Kris reached home. His truck was __14__ , and so were LoAnna and the others. He __15__ cars and houses nearby t

21、o find other __16__ , and then walked back to the rescue team. Not long after he arrived, his truck came into __17__ . LoAnna pulled over and ran to him. He hugged her tightly and spoke __18__ , “Let’s go home.” Over the next several weeks, 43 bodies were __19__ . Just nine survivors were luckily p

22、ulled from the mud, all of them on that day. Kris was __20__ by the Red Cross for his heroic deeds. 1．A．rushed B．wandered C．jumped D．broke 2．A.tracking B．pushing C．thundering D．pressing 3．A.immediately B．a(chǎn)ccidentally C．cautiously D．deliberately 4．A.head B．stop C．conclusion D．point

23、5．A.recorded B．a(chǎn)ppreciated C．a(chǎn)nalyzed D．followed 6．A.setting aside B．taking off C．pulling away D．giving out 7．A.feed B．free C．comfort D．treat 8．A.managed B．worked C．preserved D．made 9．A.lead B．a(chǎn)dvantage C．opportunity D．risk 10．A.frightening B．a(chǎn)wkward C．a(chǎn)nnoying D．painful 11

24、．A.however B．therefore C．moreover D．a(chǎn)nyway 12．A.Once B．Unless C．Although D．If 13．A.partners B．shelter C．family D．belongings 14．A.abandoned B．loaded C．gone D．dirty 15．A.replaced B．checked C．moved D．repaired 16．A.neighbors B．rescuers C．volunteers D．survivors 17．A.effect B．s

25、ight C．existence D．play 18．A.in peace B．on purpose C．by chance D．with relief 19．A.received B．delivered C．recovered D．cured 20．A.recognized B．employed C．promoted D．greeted 語篇導(dǎo)讀　本文主要講述了Kris在發(fā)生泥石流時英勇救人的事跡。 1．解析　A　根據(jù)空前兩句可知，LoAnna和Kris的孩子在外面玩耍，LoAnna突然聽到一聲巨響，她當(dāng)然會沖到(rush)外面去查看發(fā)生了什么事，故選A項

26、。 2．解析　C　她看到大片泥土、沙子和石塊轟隆隆地快速從山坡上滾了下來。thunder轟隆隆地快速移動，符合語境。track跟蹤；push推動 (人或物)，移動(身體部位)；press(向……)擁擠，推搡著移動，故選C項。 3．解析　A　根據(jù)語境可知，此處指的是LoAnna立即(immediately)給Kris打了電話，Kris加速往家趕。accidentally意外地，偶然地；cautiously謹(jǐn)慎地；deliberately故意地，故選A項。 4．解析　B　因為發(fā)生了泥石流，所以交通受阻，Kris不得不跑著回家。come to a stop停止，符合語境。come to a h

27、ead事情達(dá)到緊要關(guān)頭，需要當(dāng)機(jī)立斷；come to a conclusion得出結(jié)論；come to a point變尖，逐漸變細(xì)，故選B項。 5．解析　D　根據(jù)語境可知，Kris聽到一個女士在求救，那么他應(yīng)是跟隨(follow)聲音來確定這位女士的位置。record記錄；appreciate欣賞；analyze分析，故選D項。 6．解析　C　Kris一邊把困住這位女士和孩子的樹枝、金屬拉開，一邊讓這位女士繼續(xù)說話。pull away拉掉，拉開，符合語境。set aside把……擱置一旁；take off取下，帶走；give out分發(fā)，用完，故選C項。 7．解析　B　終于，Kris使

28、這個孩子獲得了自由。free釋放，使自由，使解脫，符合語境，故選B項。 8．解析　D　這時，其他的居民趕到了事發(fā)地點。make it(尤指在困難情況下)準(zhǔn)時到達(dá)，及時趕到，符合語境。manage努力完成；work使運轉(zhuǎn)；preserve保護(hù)，故選D項。 9．解析　A　當(dāng)其他人帶頭營救那位女士時，Kris繼續(xù)往家趕。take the lead領(lǐng)先，為首，為固定搭配，故選A項。 10．解析　D　很快，他再次聽到廢墟中傳來了痛苦的(painful)呻吟，故選D項。 11．解析　B　這位被埋男士的體重大概是Kris的兩倍，因此(therefore)，他不得不等待更多人的幫助。前后句之間存在因果

29、關(guān)系，故選B項。 12．解析　A　直升機(jī)救援機(jī)組的其他成員一到達(dá)那里，Kris就離開去尋找他的家人。once一……就……，符合語境，故選A項。 13．解析　C　參見上題解析。family家人，符合語境，故選C項。 14．解析　C　根據(jù)語境可知，此處指Kris的卡車、LoAnna以及其他人都不見了。gone不在的，離開的，符合語境。abandoned被拋棄的；loaded裝載的，滿載而沉重的；dirty臟的，故選C項。 15．解析　B　Kris查看了(check)附近的汽車和房子，看看還有沒有其他幸存者，故選B項。 16．解析　D　參見上題解析。survivor幸存者，符合語境，故選D

30、項。 17．解析　B　到達(dá)救援隊不久之后，他的卡車就進(jìn)入了視野。come into sight出現(xiàn)，進(jìn)入視野，符合語境。come into effect生效；come into existence成立，開始存在；come into play開始活動，開始起作用，故選B項。 18．解析　D　Kris緊緊地抱著LoAnna，松了一口氣，并說道：“我們回家吧?！眞ith relief松一口氣，欣慰地，符合語境。in peace安靜地，和睦地；on purpose故意地；by chance偶然地，故選D項。 19．解析　C　在接下來的幾周內(nèi)，有43具尸體被找到。recover找回，尋回， 找到，符合語境，故選C項。 20．解析　A　Kris因其英勇行為得到了紅十字會的表彰。recognize贊賞，表彰，感謝，符合語境。employ雇用；promote提升，晉升；greet歡迎，迎接，故選A項。 7