2022年高考英語(yǔ)二輪總復(fù)習(xí) 第8講 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞學(xué)案
《2022年高考英語(yǔ)二輪總復(fù)習(xí) 第8講 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞學(xué)案》由會(huì)員分享,可在線閱讀,更多相關(guān)《2022年高考英語(yǔ)二輪總復(fù)習(xí) 第8講 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞學(xué)案(5頁(yè)珍藏版)》請(qǐng)?jiān)谘b配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。
1、2022年高考英語(yǔ)二輪總復(fù)習(xí) 第8講 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞學(xué)案 1. Bats are surprisingly long-lived creatures, some ______ a life span of around 20 years. (xx浙江卷) A. having B. had C. have D. to have 【答案及解析】1. A 考查獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。句意為“令人驚訝的是,蝙蝠是長(zhǎng)壽的動(dòng)物,有些能活20年左右?!県ad和have是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式,題中沒(méi)有連詞,無(wú)法并存
2、兩個(gè)句子。to have表將來(lái);having表伴隨。 2. Even the best writers sometimes find themselves ______ for words. (xx浙江卷) A. lose B. lost C. to lose D. having lost 【答案及解析】2. B 考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意為“甚至最優(yōu)秀的作家有時(shí)也會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)他們難以用文字表達(dá)自己?!眑ose是及物動(dòng)詞,A、C、D項(xiàng)都是主動(dòng)式,空格后沒(méi)有l(wèi)ose的賓語(yǔ),故用過(guò)去分詞lost當(dāng)形容詞用,作f
3、ind themselves的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。 3. If they win the final tonight, the team are going to tour around the city______by their enthusiastic supporters. (xx浙江卷) A. being cheered B. be cheered C. to be cheered D. were cheered 【答案及解析】3. C 考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意為“如果他們贏了今晚的決賽,隊(duì)員們將會(huì)巡
4、游全城,接受熱心支持者的歡呼?!盇項(xiàng)being cheered正在進(jìn)行;B項(xiàng)be cheered是謂語(yǔ)原形;D項(xiàng)were cheered也是謂語(yǔ),但句中已有謂語(yǔ)are going to;C項(xiàng)to be cheered表示將來(lái),同時(shí)也表示被動(dòng)。 4. The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise, if ______ regularly, can improve our health. (xx浙江卷) A. being carried out B. carrying out
5、 C. carried out D. to carry out 【答案及解析】4. C 考查if條件句的省略。 【答案及解析】本句的主語(yǔ)是the experiment,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是shows, that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句,賓語(yǔ)從句的主干是:proper amounts of exercise can improve our health, if ______ regularly是插入的條件從句,其完整形式是:if it is carried out regularly,省略了it is。整個(gè)句意為:這項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)表明,適當(dāng)?shù)倪\(yùn)動(dòng),如果有規(guī)律地進(jìn)行,有利于我
6、們的身體健康。 5. The traffic rule says young children under the age of four and ______ less than 40 pounds must be in a child safety seat. (xx浙江卷) A. being weighed B. to weigh C. weighed D. weighing 【答案及解析】5. D 考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。賓語(yǔ)從句中的主干為:young children must be
7、in a child safety seat。under the age of four and ______ less than 40 pounds用于修飾賓語(yǔ)從句主語(yǔ)children。 【答案及解析】動(dòng)詞weigh與名詞children是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,所以選擇weighing。句意:交通法則規(guī)定4歲以下并且體重不超過(guò)40磅的幼兒必須坐在幼兒安全座上。 6. There is a great deal of evidence ______ that music activities engage different parts of the brain. (xx浙江卷)
8、A. indicate B. indicating C. to indicate D. to be indicating 【答案及解析】6. B 考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。此處是indicating 短語(yǔ)作evidence的后置定語(yǔ),其中that music activities…the brain是動(dòng)語(yǔ)indicate的賓語(yǔ)從句。 動(dòng)詞不定式、分詞(現(xiàn)在分詞,過(guò)去分詞)和動(dòng)名詞統(tǒng)稱為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)將現(xiàn)在分詞和動(dòng)名詞合為一大類(lèi)叫做v.-ing形式。動(dòng)詞不定式、過(guò)去分詞及v.-ing形式在句中均不能作謂語(yǔ)用,所以
9、叫做非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式多樣,應(yīng)用廣泛,且在句中起著很活躍的作用,也是語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目中的重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)。 動(dòng)詞不定式的要點(diǎn) 1.動(dòng)詞不定式的形式變化 2.動(dòng)詞不定式的基本用法 (1)作主語(yǔ):To help each other is good. 動(dòng)詞不定式能起名詞、形容詞和副詞的作用,可在句中作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)用。(動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí),一般可用it作形式主語(yǔ),而將作主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式置于句末),如: It is good to help each other. (2)作表語(yǔ): My job is to drive them to the power stati
10、on every day. (3)作賓語(yǔ): ①作及物動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ),如: She wishes to be a musician. ②作某些形容詞的賓語(yǔ):這類(lèi)形容詞一般有g(shù)lad, sorry, afraid, pleased, determined, willing, eager, anxious, ready, sure等,如: I am determined to give up smoking. ③當(dāng)動(dòng)詞不定式之前有疑問(wèn)詞時(shí),就可作介詞的賓語(yǔ),如: Can you give us some advice on what to do next? (4)作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),如
11、: Tell the children not to play on the street. 如果句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為see, hear, watch, notice, have, make, let等,作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式須將to省去,如: I saw a little girl run across the street. (5)作定語(yǔ):須位于被其修飾的名詞或代詞之后,如:Is this the best way to help him? (6)作狀語(yǔ): ①目的狀語(yǔ): Every morning he gets up very early to read English
12、. ②結(jié)果狀語(yǔ): They lived to see the liberation of their home town. 他們活到親眼見(jiàn)到了他們家鄉(xiāng)的解放。 動(dòng)詞-ing形式的要點(diǎn) 1.-ing的形式 2.-ing形式的基本用法 (1)作主語(yǔ):Seeing is believing. 眼見(jiàn)為實(shí)。 (2)作表語(yǔ):Her job is washing and cooking. (3)作賓語(yǔ):①作及物動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)。 She likes drawing very much. ②作某些短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)。 Mary is thinking of going back to Ne
13、w York. ③ do+限定詞(my, some, any, the等)+v.-ing,表示“做……事”之意,如: do some cleaning打掃衛(wèi)生 do some shopping購(gòu)物 ④作介詞的賓語(yǔ): Her sister is good at learning physics. ⑤作形容詞worth, busy等的賓語(yǔ): This book is well worth reading. (4)作定語(yǔ): The sleeping child is only five years old. (5)作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ): We can see steam ris
14、ing from the wet clothes. 可以帶有這種復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有see, watch, hear, observe, feel, find, have, keep等。 (6)作狀語(yǔ): ①時(shí)間狀語(yǔ): Seeing Tom, I couldn't help thinking of his brother. 分詞在句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí),其前一般可加when或while,如: When crossing street, you must be careful. ②原因狀語(yǔ): Being ill, he didn't go to school yesterday.
15、 ③方式或伴隨狀語(yǔ): Mary stood at the school gate waiting for Betty. 過(guò)去分詞的要點(diǎn) 1. 作定語(yǔ):如果是一個(gè)單詞,就位于其修飾的名詞之前;如果是分詞短語(yǔ),就位于其修飾的名詞之后。如:The stolen car was found by the police last week. 2. 作表語(yǔ):表示其邏輯主語(yǔ)所處的狀態(tài),其邏輯主語(yǔ)就是句中的主語(yǔ),如:The glass is broken. 3. 作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ):過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí),句中的賓語(yǔ)就是其邏輯主語(yǔ),如: When I opened the door, I foun
16、d the ground covered by fallen leaves. 4. 作狀語(yǔ):相當(dāng)于一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句,該結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語(yǔ)一般都是主句的主語(yǔ),是過(guò)去分詞所表示意義的邏輯賓語(yǔ)。為了使作狀語(yǔ)的過(guò)去分詞意義更加明確,常在分詞前加when, if, while, though, as等連詞,如: Given more time/ If given more time, we could have done it better. (we是該結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語(yǔ),是give的邏輯賓語(yǔ)。) 易錯(cuò)易混點(diǎn) 1.疑問(wèn)詞 + 動(dòng)詞不定式:疑問(wèn)代詞和疑問(wèn)副詞后可加動(dòng)詞不定式構(gòu)成不定式短語(yǔ),在句中
17、可作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ),如: How_to_prevent_them_from_swimming_in_this_river is a problem. 2.動(dòng)詞不定式的否定式:由not + 動(dòng)詞不定式構(gòu)成,如: It's wrong of you not_to_attend the meeting. 3.v.-ing形式與動(dòng)詞不定式在句中作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)時(shí)的區(qū)別。 v.-ing形式:表示抽象或泛指的動(dòng)作。 不定式:表示具體某一次的動(dòng)作。 She likes playing the piano,
18、 but she doesn't want to_play it today. 4.v.-ing形式與動(dòng)詞不定式在句中作定語(yǔ)的區(qū)別。 v.-ing形式:動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。 不定式:動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之后。 The girl writing_a_letter_there can speak English very well. I have three letters to_write. 5.v.-ing形式與動(dòng)詞不定式在作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)的區(qū)別。 (1)不定式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí),其動(dòng)作一般發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)
19、詞所表示的動(dòng)作之后,如: I have told them to_e again tomorrow. (2)在see, watch, hear, feel等之后,如果用v.-ing形式作賓補(bǔ),表示其動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行中,而用不帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí),不定式所表示的動(dòng)作是一個(gè)動(dòng)作的過(guò)程,如:I hear her singing in the room. 我聽(tīng)見(jiàn)她正在屋里唱歌。 I hear her sing in the room. 我聽(tīng)見(jiàn)她在屋里唱過(guò)歌。 6.v.-ing形式與動(dòng)詞不定式在句中作狀語(yǔ)的區(qū)別。 v.-ing形式:表示
20、時(shí)間、原因、方式或伴隨情況。 不定式:作目的或結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。 Not_receiving his letter, I wrote to him again. I looked into the window to_see what was going on inside. 7.v.-ing形式與過(guò)去分詞的區(qū)別: (1)語(yǔ)態(tài)不同:v.-ing形式表示主動(dòng)概念,及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)概念。 an inspiring speech鼓舞人心的演說(shuō); the inspired audience受鼓舞的
21、聽(tīng)眾 (2)時(shí)間關(guān)系不同:現(xiàn)在分詞所表示的動(dòng)作一般是正在進(jìn)行中的動(dòng)作,而過(guò)去分詞所表示的動(dòng)作,往往是已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作,如: the changing world正在變化的世界 the changed world已經(jīng)變化了的世界 8.獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu):有時(shí)v.-ing和過(guò)去分詞在句中也有自己的獨(dú)立的主語(yǔ),這種獨(dú)立的主語(yǔ)一般為名詞或代詞,和v.-ing還有過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。該結(jié)構(gòu)在句中一般只作狀語(yǔ)。 獨(dú)立主格中是使用v.-ing還是過(guò)去分詞,則要根據(jù)它們的主語(yǔ)和其所表示的動(dòng)作的主動(dòng)或被動(dòng)關(guān)系來(lái)定,如: The_bell_ringing,_we all stopped talking. . 注意:①獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)中的being或having been??墒∪?,如: The_meeting_(being)_over,_all left the room. ②作伴隨狀語(yǔ)的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)常可用with短語(yǔ)來(lái)代替, 如: She read the letter, tears rolling down her cheeks. = She read the letter with_tears_rolling_down her cheeks.
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