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1、2022年高考英語(yǔ)二輪總復(fù)習(xí) 第1講 冠詞學(xué)案
1. Experts think that ______ recently discovered painting may be ______ Picasso. (xx浙江卷)
A. the; 不填 B. a; the
C. a; 不填 D. the; a
【答案及解析】1. D 考查冠詞在語(yǔ)境中的用法。句意為“專家認(rèn)為,最近發(fā)現(xiàn)的油畫(huà)可能是畢加索的作品?!眛he painting特指最
2、近發(fā)現(xiàn)的油畫(huà);a Picasso意為a Picasso's painting,泛指畢加索的一件作品,有one的含義。
2. Many lifestyle patterns do such ______ great harm to health that they actually speed up ______ weakening of the human body. (xx浙江卷)
A. a; / B. /; the
C. a; the
3、 D. /; /
【答案及解析】2. B 句意:許多生活方式對(duì)人類的健康有害,他們加速了人類身體的衰退?!皩?duì)……有害”是固定短語(yǔ)“do harm to”,名詞前無(wú)冠詞;之后的weakening是動(dòng)詞加-ing形式,是一個(gè)抽象名詞,當(dāng)表達(dá)一種概念、狀況時(shí)需要加上the。
3. I don't understand what the engineer means, but I've got ______ rough idea of ______ project plan. (xx浙江卷)
A. the; a
4、B. 不填; the
C. the; 不填 D. a; the
【答案及解析】3. D 句意:我不明白那個(gè)工程師的意思,但我已大致了解了這個(gè)項(xiàng)目的計(jì)劃。have a rough idea是固定詞組,意為“大致了解”,而plan在本句中表示特指,故用定冠詞the。
定冠詞的基本用法
1. 表示上文提到過(guò)的人或事物。如:
I have bought a book. The book is very useful.
2. 用于說(shuō)話人與聽(tīng)話人心中都有數(shù)的人或事物。如:
Close the window, please.
5、
3. 用于表示世界上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物之前。如:
the sun, the moon, the earth, the world等。
4. 用于表示方位的名詞之前。如:
the east, the right
5. 用于序數(shù)詞或形容詞的最高級(jí)之前。如:
the first, the tallest
定冠詞的基本用法
6. 用于形容詞之前,使其名詞化。如:
the sick, the wounded
7. 用于由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞之前。如:
the United States, the United Nations
8. 用于江河、海洋、海峽、山脈、群島、建筑物等名
6、詞之前。如:
the Changjiang River, the East Lake
9. 用于復(fù)數(shù)姓氏之前,表示“夫婦”或“全家”。如:
the Smiths
10. 用于西洋樂(lè)器名詞前。如:
play the piano, play the violin
11. 用于發(fā)明物前。如:
The pass was invented in China.
12. 用于年代名詞前。如:
He lived in the countryside in the 1970s.
13. 用于固定詞組中。如:
in the morning (afternoon, evening), o
7、n the other hand, at the same time
不定冠詞的基本用法
1. 泛指一個(gè)。如:
There is a book on the table.
2. 指人或事物的某一種類。如:
His father is a driver.
3. 指某一個(gè)人或事物,但不具體說(shuō)明。如:
My sister was saved by a PLA man in the fire.
4. 用于某一些表示重量、長(zhǎng)度、時(shí)間等單位前,表示“每一”。如:
We have meals three times a day.
5. 表示同樣的。如:
They are of
8、 an age.
6. 表數(shù)量,相當(dāng)于one,但語(yǔ)意較弱。如:
There is a pen and two books on the desk.
7. 使抽象名詞具體化。如:
The little girl is a help to her mother.
8. 固定搭配。如:
as a matter of fact, in a hurry
不用冠詞的情況:
1. 表示總稱的復(fù)數(shù)名詞之前。如:
Children love cartoons.
2. 不含普通名詞的專有名詞前。如:
We are studying English.
3. 名詞前有指示代詞、物主代詞
9、、不定代詞或名詞所有格修飾時(shí)。如:
I like this picture.
I do not have any money.
As time went on, Einstein's theory proved to be correct.
4. 季節(jié)、月份、星期等名詞前,一般不用冠詞。如:
She likes spring most.
5. 稱呼語(yǔ)前不用冠詞。如:
What shall I do next, Mother?
6. 三餐飯前不用冠詞。如:
What did you have for lunch?
7. 節(jié)假日前不用冠詞。如:
People give
10、 gifts to each other on Christmas Day.
不用冠詞的情況:
8. 球類和棋類運(yùn)動(dòng)的名稱前不用冠詞。如:
She is fond of playing basketball.
9. 在一些成對(duì)出現(xiàn)的短語(yǔ)中不用冠詞。如:
arm in arm(手挽手); hand in hand(手牽手);
side by side(肩并肩); day and day(日日夜夜);
young and old(老老少少);
from door to door(挨門(mén)挨戶);
from beginning to end(從頭到尾);
from mo
11、rning till night(從早到晚)等。
易錯(cuò)易混點(diǎn)
1. 抽象名詞具體化時(shí),被具體化的名詞可能會(huì)與a/an連用。如:
a heavy rain一場(chǎng)大雨
a surprise一件怪事
a pleasure一件樂(lè)事
a success / failure一個(gè)成功的或失敗的人,一件成功的或失敗的事
2. 形容詞比較級(jí)前用the表示“兩者中較……的”,而形容詞比較級(jí)前用a/an則表示“再/更……”。 形容詞最高級(jí)前用the表示“三者或三者以上中最……的”, 而形容詞最高級(jí)前用a/an時(shí)無(wú)比較含義。如:
12、 Which is the_larger country, Canada or Australia?
If there were no exams, we should have a_much_happier_time at school.
It is a_most_useful book. ( a very useful book)
He is the_most_diligent_student in this class.
3. “the +序數(shù)詞”表示排序, “a/an +序數(shù)詞”則表示“再一、又一”之意。序數(shù)詞修飾動(dòng)詞事實(shí)上已成為
13、副詞,這時(shí)要用零冠詞。如:
Can you give me a_second_chance,_please?(another chance)
He was only 5 years old when I first saw him.
4. 表示世界上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物時(shí)一般用the修飾,但如果此類名詞已有修飾成分,也可能加a/an。如:all over the_world,_ a peaceful world。
5. “零冠詞 + 單數(shù)名詞+ as/though + 主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)”, 意為“雖然/盡管……但是……”??忌追笌瞎谠~的錯(cuò)誤。如:
Hero as he is, he has some shortings.
Young man as he is, he has seen much of the world.
6. 牢記高考中常見(jiàn)的純不可數(shù)名詞,它們是:weather, fun, space, advice, word(置于句首相當(dāng)于news), progress, information, news。以上這些詞不能與不定冠詞連用。如:
Beyond the stars, the astronaut saw nothing but space.