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1、2022年高考英語(yǔ)二輪總復(fù)習(xí) 第14講 情景交際學(xué)案
一、日常交際應(yīng)答語(yǔ)
1. 感謝與應(yīng)答
感謝:Thank you very much. / Thanks a lot. / Many thanks.
應(yīng)答: That's all right. / Thanks for helping me. / You're wele. / That's OK. / Not at all.
It's my pleasure. / Don't mention it. / It's nothing. / Think nothing of it. / Forget it.
2. 道歉與應(yīng)
2、答
道歉: I'm sorry. / I'm sorry to trouble you. / I'm sorry to have kept you waiting.
應(yīng)答: It doesn't matter. / It's not important. / That's/It's nothing. / Not at all. /Never mind.
That's all right. / Forget it. / That's OK. / No problem. / Not to worry.
3. 勸告、建議與應(yīng)答
勸告和建議:
I think you ought to
3、…我想你應(yīng)該……
If I were you, I'd…如果我是你,我會(huì)……
It might be a good idea if you…如果你……這倒是個(gè)好主意。
Have you ever thought of…? 你是否想過(guò)要……?
I remend that…我建議……
I strongly advise you to…我極力主張你……
You really ought to…你的確應(yīng)該……
Personally, I think you'd better…依我看,你最好……
Why not do…? 為什么不……?
Why don't you do…? 你為什么不
4、……? I suggest that…我建議……
What about doing…? ……怎么樣?
How about doing…? ……怎么樣?
Shall we…? 我們?nèi)ァ脝幔?
Let's…, shall we? 讓我們?nèi)ァ脝幔?
You need (to)…你需要……
肯定的應(yīng)答: Good idea. / That's great. / Sounds great. / It sounds great. / That's fine. /Why not?
否定的應(yīng)答:I'd love to,but… / I'm afraid… / It's an idea,bu
5、t…
4. 請(qǐng)求與應(yīng)答
請(qǐng)求: May I…? / Can I? / Could I…? / Do you mind if I…
肯定的應(yīng)答: With pleasure. / Certainly(Of course) / Sure,go ahead. / Yes,help yourself.
Of course not,go ahead(回答Do you mind if I…的請(qǐng)求).
否定的應(yīng)答:I'm afraid not. / Better not. / I'd rather you didn't.
5. 應(yīng)答對(duì)方的要求
肯定的:All right. / I wil
6、l.
否定的:No way. / Forget it.
— Do remember to call me up when you arrive. —I will.
— I think you should phone Jenny and say sorry to her.
—No way. It was her fault.
6. 邀請(qǐng)與應(yīng)答
邀請(qǐng): Would you like to…? / Why don't we…?
肯定的應(yīng)答: That would be fine. / That's very kind of you. /All right. /Yes,I'd
7、 love to.
否定的應(yīng)答:I'd love to,but… / Sorry,I can't. / I'm afraid I can't.
7. 祝愿、祝賀與應(yīng)答
祝愿、祝賀: Good luck! / Best wishes to you. /Have a nice/good time/journey. /Congratulations!
Happy New Year! / Merry Christmas! / Happy birthday to you.
應(yīng)答: Thank you! / The same to you. / You,too. / Happy New Y
8、ear!(Merry Christmas!)
8. 鼓勵(lì)、贊揚(yáng)與應(yīng)答
鼓勵(lì)、贊揚(yáng): Very good. / Well done. /Wonderful. /Excellent. /Keep trying. /You can do it.
應(yīng)答: Thank you. / OK. /I'll try it again.
9. 提供幫助與應(yīng)答
主動(dòng)提供幫助時(shí):Can I help you? /What can I do for you /Would you like me to help you?
Do you want me to… / Let me…
需要?jiǎng)e人幫助時(shí):Yes
9、,please. / Thank you for your help/ Thanks.
不需要?jiǎng)e人幫助時(shí):No,thank you./ Thank you all the same. / That's very kind of you, but…
二、情感態(tài)度的表達(dá)
1. 表示驚奇:Really? / How e?(何以會(huì)……?) / What a surprise! /Good heavens!
2. 表示同情: I'm sorry to hear that. / What a pity! / That's really unlucky. / Bad luck.
3. 表示安慰
10、: Don't worry. / Don't be afraid. / Take your time. / Take it easy.
Make yourself at home. / It's quite all right. / It'll be OK.
4. 表示鼓勵(lì): e on. / Cheer up. / You can do it. / You will make it.
5. 表示同意: I quite agree. / I couldn' t agree more. / Exactly. /Certainly. /Absolutely.
That's a goo
11、d idea. / No problem. / I think so.
6. 表示不同意: Not really. / Not Exactly. / I don't quite agree. /I don't think so. / I'm afraid not.
7. 表示不在乎: So what? / Who cares?
易錯(cuò)易混點(diǎn)
解答情景交際題時(shí)要做到“四忌”
一忌上詞下用
上詞下用指的是答句部分沿用了題干句子的重點(diǎn)詞、信息詞,按表層意思似乎合情合理,但往往為錯(cuò)誤的“虛像”,需經(jīng)進(jìn)一步分析后才能確定正確選項(xiàng)。如:
用
12、“I don't”應(yīng)答“Don't forget to e to my birthday party tomorrow”,
用“Don't be sorry”回答“I'm sorry I broke your mirror”,
用“Don't be sorry”回答“I'm sorry I broke your mirror”,
用“No thanks”回答“Thank you ever so much for the book you sent me.”
避免“上詞下用”的誤區(qū),一是確認(rèn)題目涉及的交際功能項(xiàng)目,二是確認(rèn)句子上下文語(yǔ)境,三是
13、確認(rèn)正確的話語(yǔ)方式。
【例題】 — I wonder if I could use your telephone.
— ______.
A. I wonder how B. I don't wonder
C. Sorry, it's out of order D. No wonder, here it is.
【答案及解析】 C 盡管該題中反復(fù)出現(xiàn)“wonder”一詞,但通過(guò)仔細(xì)審題可確定其考查的功能項(xiàng)目為征求對(duì)方意見(jiàn),問(wèn)句相當(dāng)于“Could I use your t
14、elephone?”綜合語(yǔ)境和話題的分析,正確的答話方式一般為“Of course you can”(肯定)或“Sorry,you can't”(否定),也只有C項(xiàng)(抱歉,它壞了)符合題意,A、B、D項(xiàng)均屬典型的“上詞下用”現(xiàn)象,而且D項(xiàng)中的“No wonder”意思為“難怪”,更是和題干內(nèi)容相差甚遠(yuǎn)。
二忌中文思維
與上詞下用比較,這一誤區(qū)更具迷惑性,因?yàn)闊o(wú)論按題目?jī)?nèi)容或是按思維方式來(lái)考慮,都非常符合中國(guó)學(xué)生的習(xí)慣。顯然,掌握英漢兩種語(yǔ)言和文化之間的相同和相異之處,對(duì)于準(zhǔn)確解題至關(guān)重要。考生解題失誤之一是按漢語(yǔ)的表達(dá)方式和結(jié)構(gòu)去套英語(yǔ),去選答案,這屬于語(yǔ)言知識(shí)的“負(fù)遷移”
15、。
【例題】 — Do you think it's going to rain over the weekend?
— ______.
A. I don't believe B. I don't believe it
C. I believe not so D. I believe not
【答案及解析】 D 以Do you think…?這樣的句子來(lái)提問(wèn),用D項(xiàng)來(lái)回答表示否定,顯然不符合中文的表達(dá)習(xí)慣,這也正是許多考生選了A、B、C項(xiàng)的原因。另一個(gè)更常見(jiàn)的失誤是套用中國(guó)
16、文化模式。違背英語(yǔ)國(guó)家的思維方式和文化習(xí)俗,這屬于文化方面的“負(fù)遷移”。
三忌直接回絕
這主要是指在對(duì)方要求得到幫助,提出請(qǐng)求或邀請(qǐng)時(shí),回答過(guò)于直接,不夠委婉,盡管從語(yǔ)義角度分析是沒(méi)毛病的,但不符合英語(yǔ)國(guó)家的交際習(xí)慣?!罢?qǐng)求”方面的問(wèn)話有May I…?/Can I…?/I wonder if I could…/Do you mind if I…?等,“邀請(qǐng)”方面的問(wèn)話有Will you…?/Would you like to…?/I'd like to invite to…等。在作否定回答時(shí),為了表示禮貌和委婉,通常要用一些委婉詞,如but,I'm afraid, I'm
17、sorry, thanks, please, had better等。
【例題】 — I didn't know this was a one-way street, officer.
— ______
A. That's all right. B. I don't believe you.
C. How dare you say that?D. Sorry, but that's no excuse.
【答案及解析】 D 許多考生有可能選B、C項(xiàng),這是沒(méi)有注意到西方人生活、工作中交往的必
18、要禮節(jié),答話時(shí)過(guò)于生硬,沒(méi)有顧及他人感情,而正確答案D項(xiàng)正是在充分考慮到說(shuō)話雙方的身份,彼此之間的關(guān)系以及說(shuō)話人的立場(chǎng)和態(tài)度的基礎(chǔ)上做出的選擇。
四忌答非所問(wèn)
答非所問(wèn)的錯(cuò)誤比較容易察覺(jué),如果問(wèn)話與答話的內(nèi)容風(fēng)馬牛不相及的話,考生可以迅速排除。但有時(shí)雙方會(huì)話內(nèi)容有所關(guān)聯(lián),仔細(xì)推敲才發(fā)現(xiàn)其實(shí)答語(yǔ)并不切題。最典型的例子是With pleasure和It's a pleasure。前者一般在事前回答,表示“非常愿意”。后者一般在事后回答,表示“不用客氣”。
【例題】 — Sorry, I couldn't e to the party. I was sick that day.
— ______.
A. I don't know that B. That's all right
C. Yes, we'll have another party
D. No, the party wasn't held
【答案及解析】 B A、C和D三項(xiàng)均明顯地答非所問(wèn),與問(wèn)句無(wú)關(guān);只有B項(xiàng)能夠作出直接的答復(fù)。