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1、專(zhuān)題三 閱讀理解 第2講 推理判斷題 限時(shí)30分鐘 Robots are common in today’s world. They manufacture cars, work in space, explore oceans, clean up oil spills and investigate dangerous environments. And now, scientists at the University of Manchester are using a robot as a laboratory partner. The researchers at the u

2、niversity created the robot in 2020 and named it Adam. Despite the name, Adam is not a humanoid robot. It is about the size of a car. Adam was built to do science and make discoveries. Ross King is the leader of the University of Manchester research team. He says the robot made a discovery about ye

3、ast(酵母), a kind of fungus used in science as a model for human cells. “Adam hypothesized certain functions of genes within yeast and experimentally tested these hypothesizes and confirmed them. So it both hypothesized and confirmed new scientific knowledge. ” Adam’s success as a scientist led to t

4、he creation of another robot scientist named Eve. Researchers developed Eve to design and test drugs for tropical and neglected diseases. These diseases kill and infect millions of people each year. Drug development is slow and costly. Experts say it can take more than 10 years and about $1 billion

5、 to discover and develop new medicines. Drug manufacturers are unlikely to get their investment money back. So the University of Manchester developed a low-cost test that shows whether or not a chemical is likely to be made into an effective medicine. Mr King says that other drug testing methods we

6、re not very effective. “How it works conventionally is you use robotics(機(jī)器人技術(shù))as well and you have a large collection of possible drugs. You test every single compound(復(fù)合物). And you start at the beginning of your library and continue until the end, and stop. So it’s not a very intelligent process.

7、The robotics doesn’t learn anything as it goes along, even if it’s tested a million compounds, it still doesn’t have any expectation of what will happen next when it tests a new compound. ” Mr King says that Eve is different because the robot learns as it tests different compounds. He says the robo

8、t is designed to ignore compounds that it thinks unlikely to be good. It will only test the compounds which have a good chance of working. Eve has discovered that a compound known to be effective against cancer might also be used to fight against malaria and other tropical diseases. Mr King says h

9、e hopes to completely automate the drug testing process with robots like Eve to create and test new chemicals. But he says humans remain in control of the manufacturing process. 【文章大意】本文主要介紹的是機(jī)器人能幫助科學(xué)家們測(cè)試藥物, 研發(fā)藥物。 1. Adam can do all the following EXCEPT______. A. making discoveries　　　 B. working

10、 in space C. helping researchers D. doing scientific research 【解析】選B。細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容可知, 沒(méi)有太空工作。 2. The underlined word“hypothesized”probably means______. A. learned B. guessed C. discovered D. created 【解析】選B。詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)上下文可知, 這句話的意思是: 亞當(dāng)假設(shè)基因在酵母中擁有某些功能并驗(yàn)證了這些假設(shè)。hypothesized在這里是“假設(shè), 猜測(cè)”的意

11、思。 【誤區(qū)警示】本題可能會(huì)誤選其他選項(xiàng), 主要原因是未能根據(jù)上下文準(zhǔn)確理解這句話的含義, 做此類(lèi)題根據(jù)其本義再結(jié)合語(yǔ)境來(lái)進(jìn)行推斷是解題的關(guān)鍵。 3. The development of new drugs is slow because______. a. it takes long to test new drugs. b. it takes long to produce new drugs. c. new drugs are less effective. d. it takes long to profit from new drugs. e. conventiona

12、l testing methods don’t work well. A. abc　　　 B. bcd　　　 C. cde　　　 D. ade 【解析】選D。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Experts say it can take more than 10 years and about $1 billion to discover and develop new medicines. Drug manufacturers are unlikely to get their investment money back. 可知答案為D。 4. Eve has an advantage of__

13、____. A. testing a million compound at a time B. controlling the manufacturing process C. expecting what will happen while testing drugs D. making scientific research 【解析】選C。推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第四段最后兩句以及倒數(shù)第三段Mr King says that Eve is different because the robot learns as it tests different compounds. . .

14、可知Eve不同于一般的機(jī)器人, 它能邊實(shí)驗(yàn)邊學(xué)到一些東西, 并能判斷出藥物中值得實(shí)驗(yàn)的有效成分。 5. What might be the best title for the passage? A. Robot Scientist Helps Design New Drugs B. Adam—the Smart Robot C. New Methods to Test Drugs D. Scientists Develop Humanoid Robots 【解析】選A。主旨大意題。本文主要介紹的是機(jī)器人能幫助科學(xué)家們測(cè)試藥物, 研發(fā)藥物。故選A。 (2020·寧波二模)

15、Ask anyone what is the most difficult part of changing their lifestyle habits and they are most likely to say, “Staying motivated”. But a 36-year-old professor from Carnegie Mellon University claims it may have the answer in the form of robot weight loss coach that dishes out daily health advice and

16、 encouragement. Autom is the work of Intuitive Automata, a company based in Sha Tin which claims to be a pioneer in commercial socially-interactive robots. The robot, which stands around 38 centimeters tall, has a head that swivels(旋轉(zhuǎn)), blue eyes, and a touch screen which allows the user to input

17、information daily about exercise and diet. Its creators say Autom will have a daily conversation with its user lasting up to five minutes, giving feedback and encouragement. Over time, it will interact more with the user as it gathers more information about him. Cory Kidd, a research team manager w

18、ith the Federal Emergency Management Agency claims research has shown that people find robots a more reliable source of information than on-screen-based character. In a controlled study in Pittsburgh City Council, 15 dieters were given Autom for six weeks. Another 15 received a touch-screen compute

19、r with identical software and 15 were given a paper log. The study found, people using the robot are more likely to stick with their diets longer, in fact twice as long as those using just a paper log. “While not one person among the computer or paper groups continued past six weeks, most who had A

20、utom did not want to give her back at the conclusion of the study, ”he said. The bottom line is that a robot creates a more powerful and long-lasting relationship with the user than a character on the screen. Autom is expected to go on sale later this year in the United States for around $500. A r

21、obot which speaks and understands Cantonese and Mandarin in addition to English according to the demands is also being developed. 【文章大意】本文主要講述的是一種新型機(jī)器人可以幫助人們堅(jiān)持某種習(xí)慣, 并提升人們的動(dòng)力。 6. What’s the best title for the passage? A. The development of Autom B. The automated way to motivation C. The working

22、principle of robots D. The way to change the lifestyle habits 【解析】選B。主旨大意題。本文講述一種機(jī)器人可以幫助人們堅(jiān)持某種習(xí)慣, 提升人們的動(dòng)力, 故選B項(xiàng)。 7. What can we know about the controlled study? A. The study was led by Cory Kidd. B. The subjects were divided by two. C. Every person with Autom continued past six weeks. D. Peop

23、le using Autom gained more benefits than other people. 【解析】選D。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段The study found, people using the robot are more likely to stick with their diets longer, in fact twice as long as those using just a paper log. 可知, 研究發(fā)現(xiàn)用機(jī)器人的人更有可能長(zhǎng)時(shí)間堅(jiān)持節(jié)食, 時(shí)長(zhǎng)是用紙質(zhì)日志的人的兩倍, 故選D。 8. Which is true about Autom acco

24、rding to the passage? A. The price of this robot is very high. B. It can communicate with people freely. C. Autom can act as a coach to help lose weight. D. These robots called Autom have been used widely. 【解析】選C。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段可知, 這個(gè)36歲的教授聲稱(chēng)這個(gè)機(jī)器人能當(dāng)減肥教練, 并提供日常健康方面的建議和鼓勵(lì)。 9. Which institution is re

25、sponsible for the development of Autom? A. Intuitive Automata. B. Pittsburgh City Council. C. Carnegie Mellon University. D. Federal Emergency Management Agency. 【解析】選A。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段Autom is the work of Intuitive Automata可知, 這種機(jī)器人是Intuitive Automata的產(chǎn)品。 10. What can we infer from the passage? A

26、. The robot can help people change their lifestyle habits. B. The robot can’t speak English except Cantonese and Mandarin. C. The robot that can speak many languages has been popular with the users. D. The robot that can speak many languages meets the demand of the customers. 【解析】選A。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段內(nèi)

27、容可推知答案應(yīng)選A。 　　You have signed on for months of hard work. You’re far from home. The pay is bad. The food is worse. You find rare comfort in the simple songs that you and your workmates sing. This is what a sailor’s life was like in the 1800s. The songs sung aboard ships were called sea shanties.

28、You have probably heard a shanty or two yourself. Many of these songs have lasted through the years. They can often be found in surprising places today. Sea Shanties Then. . . Sea shanties were valuable friends to sailors. Some shanties, such as“Blow the Man Down”, had lively words and melodies. T

29、hey broke up the boredom of long trips. Other shanties, including one called “Oh, Shenandoah”, had a sadder tone. They helped seafarers express longing and loneliness. Still other shanties, such as “Leave Her, Johnny”, let sailors complain about their hard lives. But the first job of the sea shanty

30、 was to help the men work as a team. Ships had sails that were controlled by a system of moving ropes. For many jobs, all of the sailors had to pull on the ropes at once. When faced with such a job, the shantyman, or song leader, began a tune. The crew joined in on the chorus, and it might have sou

31、nded like a playful sing-along. But when the sailors came to a certain beat, they knew it was the signal to pull together with all their might. Raising or lowering the anchor called for a rhythm with a slow, steady motion. Then, the shantyman would choose a shanty with a slow, steady beat to match

32、the job. Each duty on the sailing ship had its own rhythm and its own kind of song. . . . and Sea Shanties Now Sea shanties have been passed down to us in much the same way as folk stories. Long ago, someone came up with a memorable idea and melody. Others repeated the shanty, often adding changes

33、 along the way. Over time, people saw the sea shanty for the treasure it was. Like any treasure, shanties were collected. Many were written down in books. Where do the old shanties appear now? Today’s musical artists love the fun, beauty, and history of these songs. Many musicians, including Bob D

34、ylan and Harry Belafonte, have their own versions of “Oh, Shenandoah. ”O(jiān)ne group, the Robert Shaw Chorale, recorded a collection of shanties. In Hollywood, shanties serve as a symbol of the sea. A fisherman sings the shanty “Spanish Ladies” in the film Jaws. The cartoon character Woody Woodpecker w

35、histles “Blow the Man Down” when he finds himself aboard a pirate’s ship. Today, shanties tell us about shipboard life more than one hundred years ago. They help us understand what the working sailor sang and perhaps thought about. So the next time you’re doing a boring task, try making up a tune

36、to go along with it. Time may pass more quickly, and your job may seem easier. Also, you may understand why sailors loved those old songs of the sea. 【文章大意】本文主要講述的是水手號(hào)子的產(chǎn)生及過(guò)去與現(xiàn)在的對(duì)比。 11. The main purpose of the sea shanty in the 1800s was______. A. to communicate with passing ships B. to help sai

37、lors work together as a team C. to allow sailors to complain about the food D. to give sailors an opportunity to record their music 【解析】選B。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段But the first job of the sea shanty was to help the men work as a team. 可知, 其目的是幫他們像團(tuán)隊(duì)一樣進(jìn)行工作。 12. Today, sea shanties are mainly used______. A. t

38、o provide material for musical artists to record B. to provide a source of music for Hollywood films C. to help sailors work together aboard modern ships D. to help people understand the lives of sailors of the past 【解析】選D。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段Today, shanties tell us about shipboard life more than one h

39、undred years ago可知, 今天這些水手號(hào)子告訴我們一百多年前水手的生活。 13. The author uses two subheadings(小標(biāo)題)within the article in order to______. A. compare sea shanties to modem sailing songs B. describe how popular sea shanties are with musicians C. compare how sea shanties have been used over the years D. describe

40、how sea shanties have influenced Hollywood films 【解析】選C。推理判斷題。綜合全文可知選C。 14. Which of these topics would most probably be included in this article? A. The work of sailors today. B. The cost of sailing ships in the 1800s. C. Other sailing duties that were made easier by sea shanties. D. Some mus

41、ic studios where sea shanties are recorded today. 【解析】選C。推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段So the next time you’re doing a boring task, try making up a tune to go along with it. Time may pass more quickly, and your job may seem easier可知, 下次當(dāng)你做令人厭煩的工作時(shí), 試著一邊工作一邊編曲, 這樣時(shí)間會(huì)過(guò)得快些, 你的工作也就容易很多。 15. According to information in

42、the article, a movie director today would most likely use a shanty______. A. to make a scene about sailors more realistic B. to give a musician a chance to record the song C. to make the crew’s daily chores pass more quickly D. to express the loneliness of making a film away from home 【解析】選A。推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段In Hollywood, shanties serve as a symbol of the sea. 可知, 在好萊塢, 水手號(hào)子是海上生活的標(biāo)志。