《2020屆高考英語(yǔ) 分類題庫(kù) 解析第13集 短文改錯(cuò)命題點(diǎn)2和3 名詞、動(dòng)詞》由會(huì)員分享，可在線閱讀，更多相關(guān)《2020屆高考英語(yǔ) 分類題庫(kù) 解析第13集 短文改錯(cuò)命題點(diǎn)2和3 名詞、動(dòng)詞（13頁(yè)珍藏版）》請(qǐng)?jiān)谘b配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。

1、2020;2020屆高考英語(yǔ)分類題庫(kù)解析第13集：短文改錯(cuò)命題點(diǎn)2和3 名詞、動(dòng)詞 本類考題解答錦囊 1．分清可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞，可數(shù)名詞有單復(fù)數(shù)形式，不可數(shù)名詞沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)形式。 2．熟記可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式及常用的不可數(shù)名詞。 3．注意可數(shù)名詞在句中的用法，要么在其前加a、an或the，要么用它的復(fù)數(shù)形式。 4．不能混淆修飾可數(shù)名詞的詞與修飾不可數(shù)名詞的詞。(只能修飾可數(shù)名詞的有few，a few，many，unmber of; 只能修飾不可數(shù)名詞的有l(wèi)ittle,a little,much,an amount of ,a great deal of；二者都可修飾的有plen

2、t of，a lot of，lots of，aquantity of，quantities of，masses of等)． 5．注意固定搭配中單復(fù)數(shù)形式。 6．并列結(jié)構(gòu)中單、復(fù)數(shù)應(yīng)一致。 Ⅰ 高考最新熱門題 1.Sometimes we talk to each other very well in class,but atter class we become stranger at once. 命題目的與解題技巧：此題考查名詞的基本用法。要求分清名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。在做涉及名詞的考題中，要注意名詞的可數(shù)性與不可數(shù)性，名詞的所有格+r生質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞的具體化，名詞詞義的辨析和習(xí)性搭配和

3、名詞在句子中所做的成分，特別是作定語(yǔ)的用法。 【答案】 stranger→strangers.該句主語(yǔ)為we，其表語(yǔ)要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 2. You can find all kinds of information in just a few minute on the Intemet. 答案：minute→minutes．a(chǎn)few后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞。 3. But when I saw your wife and children waiting for me with warm smile of welcome on their faces. I immediately knew tha

4、t everything could be all right. 答案：smile→smiles．smile是可數(shù)名詞，這里要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 Ⅱ 題點(diǎn)經(jīng)典類型題 1.(典型例題)For Americans, distance in a social convensation is about an arm's long to front feet. 【答案】 long→length. 根據(jù)前面的an arm's 可知,所有格之后必須用名詞形式。 2. (典型例題考)I am afraid of making hew friend. 答案：friend→friends make f

5、riends固定用法，交朋友。 3.(典型例題)Thout may last only a few minutes on even second. 答案：seeoul→sewnds．a(chǎn)few修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。 Ⅲ 新高考命題探究 1.名詞 (1)Papers catches fire easily. 答案：papers改為paper-paper表示“紙”時(shí)為不可數(shù)名詞，無(wú)復(fù)數(shù)形式。 (2) Her new novel is great success. 答案：is后加a或is后加of．a(chǎn)success指一個(gè)成功的人或一件成的事；of success＝successful．

6、(3) The news is of great important. 答案：important改為importance．of importance＝important． (4) What fine day we have today! 答案：What后加afday是可數(shù)名詞；可以說(shuō)What fine weather． What+adj．+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)；What+adj．+不可數(shù)名詞／可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。 (5) I forgot all of the room's numbers. 答案：room's改為room．名詞作定語(yǔ)。 (6) These children had great

7、funs in the park. 答案：funs改為fun．fun是不可數(shù)名詞，無(wú)復(fù)數(shù)形式。 (7) In the past,the poors often went hungry. 答案：poors改為poor．poor為形容詞，the+形容詞，指一類人；the poor指窮人們。 (8) Look! Two Germen are coming this way. 答案：Germen改為Germans．名詞復(fù)數(shù)錯(cuò)誤。 (9) Put on more clothing,or you'll catch a cold. 答案：clothing改為clothes．clothing指衣

8、服的總稱；具體的衣服用clothes． (10)This is the steel work where my father works. 答案：work改為works．works復(fù)數(shù)形式，表示工廠。 (11) Don't make any voice. Your father is sleeping. 答案：voice改為noise．voice指人的嗓音；noise指噪音。 (12) It's not my book. Maybe it's somebody else. 答案：else改為else's．根據(jù)句意，應(yīng)用所有格。 (13)The man has been hunti

9、ng for a work for a long time. 答案：work改為job．a(chǎn) job，一份工作；work表示工作時(shí)是不可數(shù)名詞。 (14) In our school,there are eighty woman teachers in all. 答案：woman改為women．一般情況下，名詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，用單數(shù)形式；但man和woman若修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞，用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 (15) The Smith will make a trip to China during the coming spring. 答案：Smith改為Smiths．定冠詞加姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)指一家人。 (16)

10、 The patient has stayed in the hospital for one and a half month. 答案：month改為months．one and a half后的名詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 (17) The couple wanted to buy some furnitures for their new house. 答案：furnitures改為furniture．furniture是不可數(shù)名詞。 (18) The young should make rooms for the old in the crowded bus. 答案：rooms改為r0典型

11、例題m在表示空間、地方的時(shí)候是不可數(shù)名詞。 (19) One of the first thing Bill did was to teach us how to play basketball. 答案：thing改為things．one of后的名詞或代詞一定是復(fù)數(shù)形式。 (20) I asked the salesman for some changes. But he bad only a large note. 答案：changes改為change．change表示“零錢”時(shí)是不可數(shù)名詞。 2.名詞性從句 (1) I wonder how these shoes cos

12、t. 答案：how改為how much．how much多少(錢)。 (2) We all agree with him on that he said. 答案：that改為what．what引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，what作said的賓語(yǔ)。 (3) The problem is we are short of money. 答案：is后加that that引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句，that不可省略。 (4) Things are not that they seemed to be. 答案：that改為what．what引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句，在從句中，what作表語(yǔ)。 (5) It worried her

13、 a bit for her hair was turning grey. 答案：for改為that．It 在句中作形式主語(yǔ)；that引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句。 (6) She said she will stay here for another week. 答案：will改為would．主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，其后賓語(yǔ)從句也應(yīng)相應(yīng)的過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。 (7) The fact he was seriously iii worried them. 答案：fact后加that．that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，不可省略。 (8) Who leaves the room last ought to turn o

14、ff the light. 答案：who改為Whoever. whoever不管是誰(shuí)，引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句。 (9) The reason why we were late was because we missed the bus. 答案：because改為that．reason作主語(yǔ)，其后表語(yǔ)從句用that引導(dǎo)，而不用because． (10) I'm not sure how I could have done with it. 答案：how改為what．what引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句；do．．．with．．．，do為及物動(dòng)詞，what作do的賓語(yǔ)。 命題點(diǎn)

15、3 動(dòng)詞 本類考題解答錦囊 1．看句子結(jié)構(gòu)。英語(yǔ)中每個(gè)句子都有謂語(yǔ)，且由動(dòng)詞來(lái)?yè)?dān)任，所以不能沒(méi)有謂語(yǔ)或把其他詞看作動(dòng)詞用作謂語(yǔ)，也不能把動(dòng)詞看為其它詞。 2．時(shí)態(tài)。特別要注意動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式，及過(guò)去分詞的拼寫。 3．語(yǔ)態(tài)，英語(yǔ)中有兩種語(yǔ)態(tài)，主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，不及物動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(takeplace， happen，Occur，beakout，breakfOnh，fall，rise，die，lie，appear為常見(jiàn)的不及物動(dòng)詞)。 4．一致。包括與前面人稱和數(shù)的一致及幾個(gè)動(dòng)詞的結(jié)構(gòu)一致。 5．正確運(yùn)用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。 6．不能錯(cuò)用動(dòng)詞。(如根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系將這個(gè)動(dòng)詞改為它的反義

16、詞，go，arrive, open，borrow，take,sell依次改為come，1eave，close，lend／return，bring／bing,buy)。 7．注意固定搭配。 Ⅰ 高考最新熱門題 1. (NMET 20典型例題sure they'll laugh to me to do things as well as them. 命題目的與解題技巧：此題考查動(dòng)詞的用法。動(dòng)詞的考點(diǎn)主要涉及動(dòng)詞的意詞，動(dòng)詞的詞性，搭配，動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)或短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，主謂一致，動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)，非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞等。動(dòng)詞的用法靈活，不易掌握，在做此類題時(shí)，首先要研讀題先找出信息詞，理順句意，再做判斷。 【答

17、案】 to→at．laugh at sb“嘲笑某人”，固定搭配。 2.(NMET 20典型例題Sometimes, we talked to each other very well in class. 答案：talked→talk根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容可判斷出要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 3.(NMET 20典型例題ut his parents think go to college is more important than playing sports. 答案：go→going．此處應(yīng)用動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)going　to　colledge作主語(yǔ)，與playing　sports對(duì)比并且要結(jié)構(gòu)形式相同。 Ⅲ

18、 題點(diǎn)經(jīng)典類型題 1.(20典型例題)when I spoke to them, they often stare at my mouth. 【答案】　spoke→speak. 根據(jù)文章意思及時(shí)態(tài)一致原則，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 2.(20典型例題合診斷) Instend of helping him standing up, Li Ping shouted at the old man angnily. 答案：standing→stand. help sb do sth幫助某人做某事。 3.(20典型例題)Around the world more and more people

19、are taken part in dangenous sports and activities. 答案：taken→taking．根據(jù)文章，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 4.(20典型例題模擬)Look back at my childhood experience,I think that three reasons might erplain the fear. 答案：Look→Looking．現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)用于獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。 Ⅲ 新高考命題探究 1.動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài) (1)The film began before I arrived. 答案：began改為had　begum過(guò)去完成時(shí)，表

20、示過(guò)去某一點(diǎn)之前已完成的動(dòng)作。 (2) We never visited the Great Wall. 答案：never前加have．現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，have　never．done　sth．表示到目前為止從來(lái)沒(méi)干某事 (3) His brother has joined in the.army for three years. 答案：joined改為been．join為非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，不與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。 (4) Hurry up! We must get there before the sun set. 答案：set改為sets．before引導(dǎo)一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從時(shí)，用一般現(xiàn)在

21、時(shí)表示將來(lái)。 (5) Her grandmother has been died for twenty years. 答案：died改為dead．die是一個(gè)瞬間性動(dòng)詞。不能與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。 (6) I shall let her know it as soon as I shall meet her. 答案：將第二個(gè)shall去掉。as soon as引導(dǎo)一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)。 (7) I don't think Jim saw me; he is just staring into the sky. 答案：is改為was．當(dāng)時(shí)正在干某事，用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)

22、。 (8) You do say that you would lend me some money yesterday. 答案：do改為did．yesterday，說(shuō)明用過(guò)去式。 (9) The price has gone down, but I doubt whether it remain so. 答案：it后加will．根據(jù)句意：價(jià)格已經(jīng)降下來(lái)了，但我懷疑它能否將保持目前這個(gè)樣子。whether引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句用將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)。 (10) The building which is now built near my school will be a well-equipped h

23、ospital. 答案：now后加being．is being built，正在被建設(shè)中的。 2.動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)態(tài) (1)The price has brought down a lot. 答案：has后加been．bring down為及物動(dòng)詞；意為“使……降下來(lái)”。根據(jù)句意應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 (2) This question must worked out at once. 答案：must后加be此處需用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 (3) The Second World War was broke out in 1939. 答案：去掉was．break out是不及物動(dòng)詞，無(wú)被動(dòng)形式。 (4)

24、I need one more stamp before my collection completed. 答案：completed改為is completed．根據(jù)句意。before從句應(yīng)用被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。 (5) Clenaing women in big cities usually get pay by the hour. 答案：pay改為paid．getpaid意為“獲得報(bào)酬”。 (6) Look! The dogs are trained to help the blind to cross road. 答案：are后加being．a(chǎn)rebeingtrained，正被訓(xùn)練。

25、(7) We are hoping that a concert will held soon at which the works of Liszt will play. 答案：will后加be.will be held將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。 (8) In order to prevent the fire from spreading , some of the houses nearby had pulled down before the firemen arrived. 答案：had后加been．had been pulled down，被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，過(guò)去完成時(shí)。 (9) It w

26、as obvious that the man had been driving on the free way for almost an hour when he told that he had to come back. 答案：第一個(gè)be后加was．根據(jù)句意，when引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句，應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 (10) I lost and had to ask a policeman the way. 答案：I后加was或got．be／getlost意為“迷路”。 3.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 (1) It is time harvest wheat. 答案：time后加to．It'stimeto

27、dosth．是干某事的時(shí)候了。 (2) Please tell me how work it out. 答案：how后加to．how+不定式作賓語(yǔ)。 (3) I'm thirsty. Get me something to drinking. 答案：drinking改為drink不定式作定語(yǔ)。 (4) She was made feed two chidren and do some cleaning. 答案：made后力Dto．makesb．dosth．被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)為bemadetodo． (5) That book is worth read twice. 答案：read改為r

28、eading．be worth doing為固定搭配，“值得干……” (6) I'm looking forward to see you soon. 答案：see改為seeing．1ook for ward to中to為介詞，后接名詞或動(dòng)名詞。 (7) Her father escaped killed in the war. 答案：escaped后加being。escape后跟名詞或動(dòng)名詞，表示逃脫、逃避，比如exepe punishment／being punished逃避懲罰。 (8) Our English teacher enjoys listen to music.

29、答案：listen改為listening．enjoydoing"喜歡干某事”，某些動(dòng)詞后習(xí)慣跟v—ing作賓語(yǔ)。 (9) My grandfather has been used to live quietly in the country. 答案：live改為living．beused to doing固定用法，意為“習(xí)慣了干某事”。 (10) He saw the chidren play under the tree when he came back from work 答案：play改為playing．see sb.doing sth．為“看見(jiàn)某人正在干某事?！? (11)

30、The room is drity. It needs cleaned. 答案：cleaned改為cleaning．need／want／require表示“需要”之意時(shí)，后跟v—ing． (12) I heard her singing there last night. 答案：singing改為sing．hear sb.do sth．“聽(tīng)見(jiàn)某人干了某事”，指干某事從頭至尾的過(guò)程。 (13) Losing in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. 答案：Losing改為L(zhǎng)ost．1ist im thought過(guò)去分

31、詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)。 (14) He tried to make himself understand in English. 答案：understand改為understood．make one self+過(guò)去分詞，分詞與oneself之間是被動(dòng)的關(guān)系。 (15) Who is the woman talk with our teacher over there? 答案：talk改為talking．v—ing分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句：that is talking with．．． (16) The teacher came in, followed a grou

32、p of students. 答案：followed改為following．認(rèn)v—ing分詞作方式狀語(yǔ)，分詞動(dòng)作與主語(yǔ)是主動(dòng)的關(guān)系。或followed后加by．v-ed分詞與主語(yǔ)之間的被動(dòng)關(guān)系。 (17) Our teacher asked us not be late for class again. 答案：not后加to．a(chǎn)sksb．not to do sth．要求某人不要干某事。 (18) You will soon notice that they have formed a group making up of doctors and lawyers. 答案：making改

33、為made．make up of．．．過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)， 與被修飾詞之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。 (19) Seated himself in a chair, Mr. Crossett began to look through the evening paper and suddenly he heard a knock at the door. 答案：Seated改Seating．seat為及物動(dòng)詞，認(rèn)—ing與主句主語(yǔ)之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，表伴隨狀況；可將himself去掉。v．—ed分詞說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)。 (20) I remained puzzling long after I had bee

34、n told the story. 答案：puzzling改為puzzled．remain為系動(dòng)詞，表示“人感到……”，用-ed形容詞作表語(yǔ)。 4.虛擬語(yǔ)氣 (1) How I wish I am you. 答案：am改為were．wish后的賓語(yǔ)從句，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式表示與目前事實(shí)相反的一個(gè)愿望，be的過(guò)去式were． (2) I wish I have gone to the party last night. 答案：have改為had．wish后的賓語(yǔ)從句，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用"had+過(guò)去分詞”表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的一個(gè)愿望。 (3) The teacher ordered the

35、classroom swept. 答案：classroom后加be．order后的賓語(yǔ)從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)為：(should)+動(dòng)詞原形。 (4) My suggestion is that we will discuss it another day. 答案：will改為should或?qū)ill去掉。suggestion，proposal，plan，idea，order，request，advice作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其后面的賓語(yǔ)從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，謂語(yǔ)構(gòu)成為：(should)+v． (5) The workers on strike demanded that their wages inc

36、reased. 答案：increased前加be．(should)beincreased表示虛擬語(yǔ)氣，用于動(dòng)詞demand之后的賓語(yǔ)從句中。 (6) If he is here, we would know bow to do it. 答案：is改為were．虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于條件句，與目前事實(shí)相反的一個(gè)假設(shè)，if從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式，be的過(guò)去式用were。 (7) The teacher insisted that her students did their homework alone. 答案：did改為do．(should)do表示虛擬語(yǔ)氣，用于insist后的賓語(yǔ)從句中。

37、(8) The woman talks as if she knows everything. 答案：knows改為knew．a(chǎn)s汀引導(dǎo)的句子多用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)表示與目前事實(shí)相反?！? (9) Have he had the time,he would have done it. 答案：Have改為Had．省略if的條件從句，原句為If he had had the time，表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反。 (10) Without electricity human life will be quite different today. 答案：will改為would／should／mi

38、ght．without短語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，上下句間構(gòu)成了一個(gè)與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的一種假設(shè)；主句謂語(yǔ)：would／should／might+v． 5.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 (1)He will be back soon. You can't worry. 答案：high改為tall．形容細(xì)而高的東西用形容詞tall． (2) I got lost and must ask a policeman the way. 答案：health改為healthy．healthy，形容詞作表語(yǔ)。 (3) --Must I finish the work before I go home? --No, y

39、ou mustfft. 答案：many改為large．形容人口眾多，用形容詞large． (4) Since the ground was wet this morning, it must rained last night. 答案：must后加have．must have done是對(duì)過(guò)去一個(gè)動(dòng)作肯定的判斷。 (5) I didfft need get up early this morning, so I stayed in bed until 9. 答案：need后加to根據(jù)didn't來(lái)判斷，need為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，后接不定式。 (6) Look at that thin

40、man. He mustn't be Mr. Black, for Mr. Black is fat. 答案：mustn't改為can't否定的判斷“不可能”用can't． (7) After meal,he should checked the bill. 答案：去掉should．表示陳述一個(gè)事實(shí)；或should后加have，should+have done表示“本應(yīng)該干某事而沒(méi)干” (8) When Galileo told people of his discovery, no one should believe him. 答案：should改為would．would可以表示

41、“愿意”。 (9) Would we go? Yes ,let's. 答案：would改為shall．shall用于一、三人稱，表示請(qǐng)求對(duì)方允許或提出建議。would用于第二人稱，Would you do．．．? (10) How dares he speak to his mother like that? 答案： dares改為dare dare用作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，無(wú)dares形式。 6.主謂一致 (1) Half of the apples is bad. 答案：is改為are．謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)與half of后的名詞保持一致?；?qū)pples改為apple． (2) Eith

42、er Bob or I are to blame. 答案：are改為am．either．．．or．．，neither．．．nor．．．，not only．．．but also．．．等連接兩個(gè)并列的主語(yǔ)，采用就近原則。 (3) Three feet are not long enough. 答案：are改為is．一段距離，一段時(shí)間，一筆錢等，都當(dāng)作單數(shù)看待。 (4) Nothing but trees were to be seen. 答案：were改為was．nothing作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)。 (5) The rest of the water are not enough

43、. 答案：are改為is．therest作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于of后的名詞。 (6) He as well as I are a student of English. 答案：are改為is．主語(yǔ)為He，主語(yǔ)后的介詞短語(yǔ)with．．．，together with．．．，as well as．．．等不能改變主語(yǔ)的數(shù)。 (7) Doing morning exercises are good to us. 答案：are改為is．認(rèn)—ing，t。d。等形式作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 (8) Each soldier and each sailor were given a gun. 答案：were改為was．each．．．a(chǎn)nd each．．．，every．．．a(chǎn)nd every．．．作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 (9) The old is taken good care of in our country. 答案：is改為are．“the+形容詞”表示一類，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 (10) What interests me most is better wages and working conditions. 答案：is改為are．what引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，謂語(yǔ)習(xí)慣上用單數(shù)，若表語(yǔ)為表示復(fù)數(shù)意義的名詞時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù).