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1、2020高考二輪復(fù)習(xí)英語(yǔ)學(xué)案 專題一 名詞和冠詞 【典例精析】 1. （2020福建）What’s the _____ of having a public open space where you can’t eat, drink or even simply hang out for a while? A. sense B. matter C. case D. opinion 【解析】A sense意為“感覺” 在這樣一個(gè)公共場(chǎng)所，不可以吃喝甚至不可以走動(dòng)有什么感覺。 2.（2020天津卷）Most air

2、 pollution is caused by the burning of ____ like coal, gas and oil. A. fuels B. articles C. goods D. products 【解析】A fuel燃料，題干中coal, gas, oil均為燃料，由此選出A 3. （2020山東）I bought a dress for only 10 dollars in a sale; it was a real______. A. exchange B. bargai

3、n C. trade D. business 【解析】Ｂ bargain廉價(jià)貨符合句意，exchange交換；trade貿(mào)易，買賣；business事業(yè)，業(yè)務(wù)均不合句意 4. （2020江西卷）—Shall we go out for a walk? —Sorry. This is not the right ____ to invite me. I am too tired to walk. A. moment B. situation C. place D. chance 【解析】Ａ 句意為：此刻邀請(qǐng)我不合適，moment此時(shí)，

4、此刻符合句意；situation形式；place地方；chance機(jī)會(huì)均不合題意 5. （2020湖北卷）The young man made a ______ to his parents that he would try to earn his own living after graduation. A. prediction B. promise C. plan D. contribution 【解析】B 年輕人對(duì)父母做出許諾。B許諾，答應(yīng)符合句意；A意思為預(yù)測(cè)，C為計(jì)劃，D意為貢獻(xiàn)均不合句意 6. （2020湖北卷）The top leaders of the tw

5、o countries are holding talks in a friendly______ A. atmosphere B. state C. situation D. phenomenon 【解析】A atmosphere氛圍。氣氛符合句意；B為狀態(tài)；C為形式；D意為現(xiàn)象 7. （2020安徽卷）To save some of the human languages before they are forgotten, the students in our school started a discussion “Save Our ________” .

6、 A. Sky B. Life C. Arts D. Voices 【解析】D句意：為了拯救那些被遺忘的人類語(yǔ)言，我校同學(xué)開展了題為“拯救我們的聲音”的大討論；此處聲音妥當(dāng) 8.（2020遼寧卷）My neighbor asked me to go for _________ walk, but I don’t think I’ve got _________ energy. A. a; 不填??????????????????? B. the; the C. 不填; the???????????????? D. a; the

7、 【解析】D go for a walk 去散步，走走，固定搭配；the energy 那個(gè)力量，專指去散步的力量，具體所指，所以用定冠詞the. 9.（2020全國(guó)Ⅱ）It’s not _________ good idea to drive for four hours without _________ break. A. a; a????????? B. the; a C. the; the???????????????????? D. a; the 【解析】A開車好幾個(gè)小時(shí)沒有一個(gè)一次休息不是一個(gè)好主意，所以從意義上都是單數(shù)，而且是可數(shù)名詞，所以都用不定冠詞a.

8、10.（2020山東卷)Students should be encouraged to use _____ Internet as _________ resource. A. 不填; a???????????????????? B. 不填; the C. the; the???????????????????? D. the; a 【解析】D因特網(wǎng)專有名詞用定冠詞；作為一種資源，種類泛指用不定冠詞a. 11.（2020湖南卷，22）Have you heard ______ news？The piece of _______ petrol is going up agai

9、n! A. the, the B. 不填，the C. the, 不填 D. 不填，不填 【解析】C 聽說(shuō)那個(gè)消息，特指后面的石油價(jià)格上漲，所以用定冠詞；石油不可數(shù)名詞，所以不用任何冠詞 12.（2020江蘇卷，21）We went right round to the west coast by ______ sea instead of driving across ______ continent. A. the; the B. 不填；the C. the; 不填 D. 不填；不填 【解析】B by +交通工具中間不

10、用任何冠詞；與水路對(duì)應(yīng)，專指陸路，所以用定冠詞the. 13.（2020江西卷，30）--- I am so sorry to have come late for the meeting. --- It is not your fault. With __ rush-hour traffic and __ heavy rain, it is no wonder you were late. A. a; a B. the; the C. /; / D. /; a 【解析】A 一種。。。樣的交通狀況用a;這么一場(chǎng)

11、大雨，泛指，用a. 14.（2020陜西卷，10）I ate _________ sandwich while I was waiting for _________ 20:08 train. A. the, a B. the, the C. a, the D. a, a 【解析】C 我吃了一個(gè)三明治，一般所指；特指哪一列火車，用定冠詞the. 15.（四川卷，08）In the United States, there is always ____ flow of people to areas of ______

12、country where more jobs can be found. A. a; the B. the ; a C. the; the D. a; a 【解析】A一群人流，a flow of 固定搭配；特指能找到工作的那個(gè)地方，所以用定冠詞。 16.（2020浙江卷，2）______ apple fell from the tree and hit him on ______ head. A. An; the B. The; the C. An; 不填 D. T

13、he; 不填 【解析】A一個(gè)蘋果，可數(shù)名詞；hit sb on the head 固定用法。擊中某人某個(gè)部位用定冠詞。 17.（2020重慶卷） In many places in China, ___ bicycle is still ___ popular means of transportation. A. a; the B. /; a C. the; a D. the; the 【解析】C 自行車，專指大家知道的交通工具，用定冠詞表類別；一種。。。方式，固定用法。 【學(xué)法導(dǎo)航】按照名詞和冠詞的考查規(guī)律

14、，同學(xué)們?cè)趶?fù)習(xí)備考中要注意： 1. 語(yǔ)義學(xué)習(xí)是語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中的基礎(chǔ)，沒有一定的詞匯量，聽說(shuō)讀寫等其它能力無(wú)從談起。所以，在備考中，一定要重視詞匯語(yǔ)義的學(xué)習(xí)和復(fù)習(xí) 2. 詞匯意義的領(lǐng)悟和掌握既要機(jī)械記憶，又要在閱讀、運(yùn)用中領(lǐng)悟，鞏固。要將詞匯織成一個(gè)網(wǎng)，全面掌握一些重要的詞匯及相關(guān)詞匯 3. 同義詞近義詞的學(xué)習(xí)必須進(jìn)行專項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí)。收集大量的語(yǔ)言實(shí)例，反復(fù)記憶，用心領(lǐng)悟。 4. 考查零冠詞用法。 5. 和某些抽象名詞連用，使其具體化以及不可數(shù)名詞在特指情況下將成為考查重點(diǎn)。 6. 冠詞在一些固定短語(yǔ)，特殊句式的運(yùn)用將仍舊會(huì)出現(xiàn)在某些省市的高考試卷中。 7. 比較級(jí)中的冠詞也是考查的重點(diǎn)

15、。 8. 冠詞的基本用法,定冠詞在adj.前表示一類尤其是考查的重點(diǎn)。 9. 語(yǔ)境、語(yǔ)義下的冠詞靈活運(yùn)用。 10. 根據(jù)知識(shí)網(wǎng)絡(luò)將冠詞的基本用法記牢，這是你做好試題的前提。 11. 熟悉一些名詞的用法，和冠詞結(jié)合。有很多不可數(shù)名詞，有時(shí)候被具體化的情況，也是考查的重點(diǎn) 12. 多做練習(xí)，能夠提高熟悉語(yǔ)境的能力，很多考題是要和語(yǔ)境相聯(lián)系起來(lái)考查的，這方面一定要重視 【專題綜合】 1.I heard you have______ vacant position for a secretary. I’ve come to apply for _____job. A．the; a

16、 B．a(chǎn); the C．不填; a D．a(chǎn); 不填 2.---John, there is_____ Mr. Wilson on the phone for you. ---- I’m in____ bath. A. a; the B. the; a C. a; 不填 D. 不填; 不填 3. People think that ______ opening ceremony of the 29th Olympic Games is _____ great success. A. an; a

17、 B. the ; a C. the ;the D. the ; X 4. --- Do you often listen to _____ radio? ----No, in fact I haven’t got____ radio. A. a; the B. 不填; a C. the; a D. the; the 5.--- Waiter, could we have_____ bill, please? ----Darling, don’t forget to l

18、eave____ tip. A. a; the B. a; 不填 C. the; 不填 D. the; a 6. The research showed beyond ________ that smoking contributes to heart diseases. A. wonder B. doubt C. problem D. use 7 Would you take my old TV in _______ for this camera? A. place

19、 B. return C. exchange D. business 8 Faced with the hard financial ____________, all the countries in the world should learn to cooperate to get it over. A. situation B. position C. phenomenon D. state 9. It is a spectacular __________ as the fireworks are

20、 set off and light up the who sky during the Spring Festival. A. look B. view C. scenery D. sight 10. Quite a few employees’ payments are cut down and barely cover their household ________ due to the serious economic crisis. A. bills B. expenses

21、 C. prices D. charges 11. Suddenly we felt the _________atmosphere grow tense as neither of the sides would give in. A. atmosphere B. state C. situation D. phenomenon 12. The Chinese are looking forward to the first _______to land on the moon after three Chinese astronauts’

22、successful trip to space. A. measure B. attempt C. purpose D. desire 13. —Who did you stay with yesterday? I couldn’t find you anywhere. — ___________. A. Mr. Green’s B.The Greens C. Greens D. The Mr. Green’s 14. I shouldn’t have accepted the man’s pre

23、sent, but I found it difficult to turn down his ______. A. offer B. request C. suggestion D. plan 15. He kept sending her presents in an attempt to win her _______. A. respect B. favor C. admiration D. pleasure 參考答案1-5 BADCD 6【解析】B beyond do

24、ubt為固定短語(yǔ)，意為：無(wú)疑，確實(shí)。本句句意為：這項(xiàng)研究確實(shí)表明吸煙會(huì)導(dǎo)致心臟疾病。 7.【解析】C in return for…作為回報(bào)；in exchange for…交換。你愿意用我的舊電視機(jī)換這架照相機(jī)嗎？ 8【解析】A面對(duì)嚴(yán)重的經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢(shì)，世界各國(guó)應(yīng)努力合作共同克服。situation形式，處境。 9【解析】D look看；面貌；view指從某處看到的景色；scenery指自然景色；sight指所看到的事物，景象。在春節(jié)期間，當(dāng)煙火被點(diǎn)燃照亮整個(gè)夜空的時(shí)候真是一幅壯觀的景象。 10.【解析】B expense 意為“（時(shí)間、精力、金錢等的）消耗,花銷,費(fèi)用”。很多雇員收入下降不

25、夠維持生活的費(fèi)用”。故選B項(xiàng)。bill 意為“賬單，清單”。price 意為“價(jià)格,價(jià)錢，市價(jià)，代價(jià)，價(jià)值”。charge 意為“費(fèi)用，捐稅，代價(jià)，記賬”，作“費(fèi)用”解時(shí)指賣方開出的價(jià)錢。 11【解析】A atmosphere氛圍，D意為現(xiàn)象。我們突然感覺到氣氛變得緊張了。 12【解析】B measure 措施； attempt試圖，嘗試；purpose目的； desire渴望，欲望。在中國(guó)三名宇航員成功遨游太空后，中國(guó)正盼望著登月的第一次嘗試. 13【解析】B此題考查考生對(duì)復(fù)數(shù)姓氏名詞的掌握能力。表示姓…的一家人，應(yīng)用the +姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)形式。 14【解析】A offer: sta

26、tement offering to do, or give sth to sb.（為某人做某事或給某人某事物的）建議，提議request: act of asking for sth. 要求；suggestion提議或建議的內(nèi)容；plan計(jì)劃。本句句意為：我本不該接受那個(gè)人的禮物，但很難拒絕他的提議。故選A。 15.【解析】B 他不停送給她禮物，試圖獲得她的好感。favor: liking , goodwill , approval 喜愛，寵愛，好感，歡心。 【專題突破】 冠詞做題技巧點(diǎn)撥：注意固定短語(yǔ)中的冠詞；名詞的具體化；抽象名詞表示特指；在做題中要注意前后兩個(gè)空的彼此照應(yīng)；可以依

27、據(jù)意思和語(yǔ)境把握冠詞。 名詞做題技巧點(diǎn)撥：注意同義詞、近義詞意思的把握，要依據(jù)語(yǔ)意、詞義進(jìn)行辨析。 1. Recently CCTV Station has taken great pains to make a program that reviews the important_____0f 2020. A. affairs B. events C. matters D. things 2. There’s no ______from my bedroom window except for some factory chimney

28、s. A. view B. scene C. sight D. look 3. She is in a poor ______of health, which worries her mother much. A. position B. situation C. state D. condition 4. The experiment turned out to be ________, which wasn’t ______ they wanted. A. a completely fa

29、iling; as B. a complete failure; what C. completely failure; that D. failed; 不填 5. In the botanic garden we can find a（n）______of plants that range from tall trees to small flowers. A. species B. group C. amount D. variety 6. He was chosen _________ o

30、f the company. A. manager B. a manager C. the manager D. as a manager 7. I looked under __________ bed and found __________ book I lost last week. A. the; a? B. the: the C. 不填; the? D. the; 不填 8.—How about __________ Christmas evening party? —I should say

31、it was __________ success. A. a; a?? B. The; a C. a; 不填? D. the; 不填 9. Polar bears live mostly on __________ sea ice, which they use as __________ platform for hunting seals. A. a; a? B. a; the C. 不填; a? D. the; 不填 10. We have every reason to

32、believe that __________ 2020 Beijing Olympic Games will be __________ success. A. 不填; a? B. the; 不填 C. the; a? D. a; a 11. Many people have come to realize that they should go on __________ balanced diet and make __________ room in their day for exercise. A. a; 不填? B.

33、 the; a C. the; the? D. 不填; a 12.—Could you tell me the way to __________ Johnsons, please? —Sorry, we don’t have __________ Johnson here in the village. A. the; the? B. the; a C. 不填; the? D. the; 不填 13. __________ walk is expected to last all day, so brin

34、g __________ packed lunch. A. A; a? B. The; 不填 C. The; a? D. A; 不填 14. In __________ film Cast Away. Tom Hanks plays __________ man named Chuck Noland. A. a; the? B. the; a C. the; the? D. a; a 15. How about taking __________ short break? I want

35、 to make __________ call. A. the; a? B. a; the C. the; the?? D. a; a 16. I wanted to catch __________ early train, but couldn’t get __________ ride to the station. A. an, the? B. 不填, the C. an, 不填? D. the, a 17. I like __________ color of your ski

36、rt. It is __________ good match for your blouse. A. a; the? B. a; a C. the; a?? D. the; the 18.George couldn’t remember when he first met Mr. Anderson, but he was sure it was __________ Sunday because everybody was at __________ church. A. 不填; the? B. the; 不

37、填 C. a; 不填? D. 不填; a 19.— I knocked over my coffee cup. It went right over __________. — You shouldn’t put drinks near __________ computer. A. the; 不填? B. the; a C. a; 不填? D. a; a 20. In __________ review off 44 studies, American researchers found that men

38、and women who ate six key foods daily cut the risk of __________ heart disease by 76%. _______ A. a; the? B. the; a C. a; 不填 ?D. 不填; a 21. Of all __________ reasons for my decision to become a university professor, my father’s advice was __________ most important one.

39、 A. the; a? B. 不填; a C. 不填; the? D. the; the 22. For him __________ stage is just __________ means of making a living. A. a; a? B. the; a C. the; the? D. a; the 23. According to __________ World Health Organization, health care plans are nee

40、ded in all big cities to prevent __________ spread of AIDS. A. the; 不填? B. the; the C. a; a? D. 不填; the 24. Everywhere man has cut down __________ forests in order to grow crops, or to use __________ wood as fuel or as building material. A. the; the? B. the; 不

41、填　 C. 不填; the? D. 不填; 不填 25. I know you don’t like __________ music very much. But what do you think of __________ music in the film we saw yesterday? A. 不填;不填 ? B. the; the C. the; 不填? D. 不填; the 參考答案 1-5 BACBD 6-10 ABBCC 11-15 ABCBD 16-20. DCCBC 21-25 DBBCD