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1、第二十一組 (建議用時(shí)：45分鐘) Ⅰ.閱讀理解 More and more people take part in marathons these days—over 30，000 people will run the London Marathon this weekend, for instance.But it’s not just the 26 miles and 385 yards that could be a daunting prospect.“I have to admit to being completely frustrated by the blocki

2、ng and for 18—19 miles was just keeping away from people and being held up，” one participant grumbled after the 2020 London Marathon.“I had to overtake a lot of people and ended up with bruised(淤腫的) forearms from all the elbows，” said another. How do such crowding problems arise, and could they be

3、reduced? Some researchers believe that we can find the answers through a more familiar system in which jams appear—road traffic flow.Martin Treiber, of the Technical University of Dresden in Germany, has previously developed models for traffic flow.One of the first attempts to model traffic flow was

4、 made in the 1950s by James Lighthill and his collaborator Gerard Whitham of Manchester University.They considered the traffic as a kind of liquid flowing down a pipe, and looked at how the flow changes as the fluid gets denser(濃稠)．At first the flow rate increases as the density increases, since you

5、 simply get more stuff through in the same period of time.But if the density becomes too high，there’s a risk of jams, and the flow rate drops sharply. Treiber’s model of a marathon uses this same principle that the flow rate first increases and then decreases as the density of runners increases, th

6、anks to an sudden switch from free to crowded flow. He assumes that there is a range of different preferred speeds for different runners, which each maintains throughout the race.With just these factors, Treiber can calculate the flow rate of runners, knowing the “carrying capacity”(承載能力) at each po

7、int on the route. This allows Treiber to figure out how blocking might depend on the race conditions—for example, for different starting procedures.Some marathons start by letting all the runners set off at once (which means those at the back have to wait until those in front have moved forward)．Ot

8、hers assign runners to various groups according to ability, and let them start in a series of waves. Treiber has applied the model to the annual Rennsteig half-marathon in central Germany，which attracts around 6，000 participants.The traditional route had to be changed in 2020，because the police wer

9、e no longer willing to close a road to ensure that runners could cross safely.It could pass either over a 60m wooden bridge or through a tunnel.Treiber used his model to predict the likely blocking caused in the various options.The model predicted that a mass start would risk an overload of runners

10、if the bridge were to be used.Only by moving the starting point further back from the bridge could the danger be avoided—and even then, if some of the numbers assumed in the model were only slightly inaccurate, there was still a risk of jams at the bridge.On the other hand, no dangerous blocking see

11、med likely for the tunnel route.The run organizers consulted Treiber’s team, and eventually chose this option. 1．What is the worst thing while running a marathon? A．The long distance. B．Too many participants. C．The dangerous blocking. D．Serious injuries in forearms. 2．Which of the following st

12、atements is TRUE? A．James Lighthill is the first expert trying to model traffic flow. B．The denser the flow is, the faster the flow rate becomes. C．The flow rate increases in the beginning because fewer people passed together. D．The flow rate increases first and then decreases later when the flo

13、w is too denser. 3．What is NOT true about the Rennsteig? A．It has much less participants than the London Marathon in 2020. B．It has a shorter distance than the London Marathon. C．The route was changed because the traditional one is not safe any longer. D．The participants running this marathon

14、will pass a tunnel because this choice is safer. 4．What’s the main idea of the passage? A．Make a comparison between marathon and road traffic. B．Running a marathon is somewhat dangerous if it is not well organized. C．Introduce a new technology to solve the blocking problem in marathon. D．Some a

15、dvice for people who are to run a marathon. Ⅱ.任務(wù)型閱讀 A．Get started! B．Forget your failures. C．Find and use your positive voice. D．Think about how far you have come. E．Spend time with people who inspire you. F．Accept failure as a positive learning experience. Realizing your dreams is not a mat

16、ter of possibility; it’s a matter of motivating yourself to focus on the right things.You know you should be doing something, but sometimes you just don’t feel like doing anything.This discouraging situation can last a long time if you don’t head it off and take action.Here are some daily motivation

17、 tricks that might work for you. 1．________ This is by far the most important tip in this article, because in the end, all of the other tips in the world won’t make as much of a difference as this simple and timeless instruction：Sit down and get a move on! Do you feel the push-back of laziness? Re

18、ading more about motivation won’t help. Reviewing your to-do lists won’t help. Only doing actually helps get everything going. So stop thinking about how hard the task is going to be or how long it’s going to take you.Not starting is failing.Tell yourself, “As soon as I get going, I’ll feel more mot

19、ivated.” And you’ll realize it’s not nearly as hard as you thought it would be. 2．________ Be aware of your self-talk and stay confident.You have the choice to replace negative self-talk with a more encouraging and friendly voice.A voice that will consider your aim as not just a possibility, but a

20、 probability; A voice that does not look at the possibility of success before taking action, but rather uses self-belief as its driving force; A voice that all things are possible to those who commit to their dream. Tell yourself over and over again that you can do it. See what effect it has. Persi

21、st with this kind of possibility and eventually you’ll feel better about whatever it is you want to get done, and you’ll even start to fool yourself into believing it’s true. 3．________ There is no better way to recharge yourself for improvement than spending time with someone who motivates you.Th

22、ey are smart and can always encourage you to be better.Study their qualities.Study their habits.Surround yourself with them, talk to them, learn from them; they are already living and producing results at a level you admire and expect to.Compare stories, successes and failures.Let their inner light

23、guide you. 4．________ You have made so much progress, you just don’t realize it.Open your eyes and give yourself credit for all that you have done.Think about it.Write down your past successes.Consider using a journal to keep track of them.You’ll probably be pleasantly surprised when you review yo

24、ur results.It’s a great motivator to see how much you have improved and how far you have come.Be happy with your progress and move on. 5．________ Do not judge unsuccessful attempts and mistakes as an indication of your future potential, but as part of the growth process.Something does not have to

25、end well for it to have been one of the most valuable experiences of a lifetime.When times get tough, take a deep breath, and know that most great things come when you least expect it.Being defeated is a temporary condition; giving up is what makes it permanent.And most people that gave up didn’t re

26、alize how close they were to success.Push through! Ⅲ.書面表達(dá) 假定你是李華，將于2020年7月從新華外語學(xué)校畢業(yè)。你從報(bào)紙上得知某公司正招聘一名英文秘書，你很感興趣，請(qǐng)給該公司負(fù)責(zé)人寫一封求職信，信的內(nèi)容包括以下幾個(gè)方面： 1.年齡； 2.學(xué)習(xí)情況及英語水平； 3.興趣和特長(zhǎng)； 4.性格特點(diǎn)。 注意：1.信的開頭和結(jié)尾已為你寫好，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)； 2.可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫； 3.詞數(shù)100～120。 Dear Sir/Madam， I learned from the newspaper that your co

27、mpany needs an English secretary. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________

28、_____________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________

29、_________________________ I’m looking forward to your reply. Yours sincerely， Li Hua Ⅰ.閱讀理解 1．解析：選C。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第三句中的“I have to admit to being completely frustrated by the blocking and for 18—19 miles was just keeping away from people and being held up”以及下文內(nèi)容可知，馬拉

30、松跑步比賽中最糟糕的事是遇到有危險(xiǎn)的阻礙。故C項(xiàng)正確。 2．解析：選D。正誤判斷題。根據(jù)第二段最后兩句“At first the flow rate increases as the density increases，since you simply get more stuff through in the same period of time.But if the density becomes too high，there’s a risk of jams，and the flow rate drops sharply.”可知，開始時(shí)，流動(dòng)速度加快，隨后當(dāng)水流變稠時(shí)流動(dòng)速度減慢。故

31、D項(xiàng)正確。 3.解析：選C。正誤判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段第二句“The traditional route had to be changed in 2020，because the police were no longer willing to close a road to ensure that runners could cross safely.”可知，改變傳統(tǒng)道路的原因是交警不再愿意關(guān)閉道路以保證長(zhǎng)跑者安全通過，故C項(xiàng)與原文不符。故選C項(xiàng)。 4．解析：選C。主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句“Treiber has applied the model to the annual Re

32、nnsteig half-marathon in central Germany，which attracts around 6,000 participants.”最后一句“The run organizers consulted Treiber’s team，and eventually chose this option.”以及全文內(nèi)容可知，本文主要介紹了一種解決馬拉松比賽中阻塞問題的新技術(shù)。故C項(xiàng)正確。 Ⅱ.任務(wù)型閱讀 1～5.ACEDF Ⅲ.書面表達(dá) One possible version： Dear_Sir/Madam， I_learned_from_the_news

33、paper_that_your_company_needs_an_English_secretary. I’m really interested in this position and I hope I can work for you. I’m 18 years old and will graduate from Xinhua Foreign Language School in July, 2020.I’m an excellent student, among the top 5 in my class of 30 students. I’m good at English, e

34、specially spoken English. I’m able to use the computer skillfully and I type very fast, which is very important for office work. In my spare time, I read a lot of books written in English, among which poems are my favorite. I enjoy music very much, too. Being an active young person, I like sports and outdoor activities. What’s more, I’m easy to get along with and I like to make friends. I’m_looking_forward_to_your_reply. Yours_sincerely， Li_Hua