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1、廣西北海市2020高考英語(yǔ)一輪閱讀理解基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練 2020高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解集訓(xùn)。 閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C、D）中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。 Two recent studies have found that punishment is not the best way to influence behavior. One showed that adults are much more cooperative if they work in a system based on rewards. Researchers at Harvard University in th

2、e United States and the Stockholm School of Economics in Sweden did the study. They had about two hundred college students play a version of the game known as the Prisoner’s Dilemma. The game is based on the tension (緊張氣氛) between the interests (利益) of an individual and a group. The students played

3、 in groups of four. Each player could win points for the group, so they would all gain equally. But each player could also reward or punish each of the other three players, at a cost to the punisher. Harvard researcher David Rand says the most successful behavior proved to be cooperation. The group

4、s that rewarded it the most earned about twice as much in the game as the groups that rewarded it the least. And the more a group punished itself, the lower its earnings were. The group with the most punishment earned twenty-five percent less than the group with the least punishment. The study appea

5、red last month in the journal Science. The other study involved children. It was presented last month in California at a conference on violence and abuse. Researchers used intelligence tests given to two groups. More than eight hundred children aged two to four the first time they were tested. More

6、 than seven hundred children aged five to nine. The two groups were retested four years later, and the study compared the results with the first test. Both groups contained children whose parents used physical punishment and children whose parents did not. The study says the IQs--or intelligence qu

7、otients--of the younger children who were not spanked were five points higher than those who were. In the older group, the difference was almost three points. Murray Strauss from the University of New Hampshire worked with Mallie Paschall from the Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation. Prof

8、essor Strauss has written extensively about physical punishment of children. He says the more they are spanked, the slower their mental development. He also looked at average IQs in other nations and found them lower where spanking was more common. 1．Which could be the best title of the passage? A

9、. Punishment B. The Best Way to Influence Behavior. C. Punishment or Reward: Which Works Better on Behavior? D. Two Recent Studies. 2．The underlined word “spanked” probably means______. A. won B. punished C. tested D. praised 3．According to the passage, the researchers may ag

10、ree the best way to influence behavior is______. A. rewarding good behavior B. correcting bad behavior C. punishing badly-behaved children D. praising well-behaved children 試題分析：文章主要介紹了兩項(xiàng)研究的過(guò)程和研究成果。近期的兩項(xiàng)研究顯示，懲罰不是影響行為的最好方法。其中一項(xiàng)研究顯示，成年人在一個(gè)基于獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)的機(jī)制中更具合作性。另一項(xiàng)研究表明，懲罰不利于孩子心智的發(fā)展。 1．選擇最佳標(biāo)題。A項(xiàng)太片面；文章沒(méi)有提到

11、最好的方法，排除B；D項(xiàng)不夠具體；根據(jù)第二段“One showed that adults are much more cooperative if they work in a system based on rewards.”和第六段“of the younger children who were not spanked were five points higher than those who were”可知，研究表明，獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)能夠促進(jìn)合作，懲罰不利于孩子的心智發(fā)展，故選C。 2．猜測(cè)詞義題。根據(jù)帶第六段“who were not spanked were five points hi

12、gher than those who were”可知，被父母體罰的孩子，他們的智商比沒(méi)有受到體罰的孩子的低5分，根據(jù)最后一段“He says the more they are spanked, the slower their mental development.”可知，孩子受到的懲罰越多，他們的心智發(fā)展得越慢，說(shuō)明劃線詞是“懲罰”的意思，故選B。 3．推理判斷題。B、D兩項(xiàng)文中未提及；根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“of the younger children who were not spanked were five points higher than those who were”和最后一

13、段“the more they are spanked, the slower their mental development”可知，懲罰不利于孩子的身心發(fā)展，排除C；根據(jù)第二段“adults are much more cooperative if they work in a system based on rewards”和第六段“five points higher than those who were”可知，獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)能夠促進(jìn)合作，而懲罰不利于孩子心智的發(fā)展，只有A項(xiàng)與獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)有關(guān)，故選A。 2020高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解——人物傳記/故事類 Only two countries i

14、n the advanced world provide no guarantee for paid leave from work to care for a newborn child．Last spring one of the two，Australia，gave up the bad distinction by setting up paid family leave starting in 2020．I wasn’t surprised when this didn’t make the news here in the United States—we’re now the o

15、nly wealthy country without such a policy． The United States does have one explicit family policy，the Family and Medical Leave Act，passed in 1993．It entitles workers to as much as 12 weeks’ unpaid leave for care of a newborn or dealing with a family medical problem．Despite the modesty of the be

16、nefit，the Chamber of Commerce and other business groups fought it bitterly，describing it as “government-run personnel management” and a “dangerous precedent（先例）．” In fact，every step of the way，as (usually) Democratic leaders have tried to introduce work-family balance measures into the law，business

17、groups have been strongly opposed． As Yale law professor Anne Alstott argues，justifying parental support depends on defining（定義）the family as a social good that，in some sense，society must pay for．Parents are burdened in many ways in their lives: there is “no exit” when it comes to children．Soci

18、ety expects—and needs—parents to provide their children with continuity of care．And society expects—and needs—parents to persist in their roles for 18 years，or longer if needed． 【小題1】What do we learn about paid family leave according to Paragraph 1？ A．It came as a surprise when Australia adopted t

19、he policy． B．Setting up this policy made Australia less influential． C．It has now become a hot topic in the United States． D．No such policy is applied in the United States． 【小題2】What makes it hard to take work-family balance measures in the States？ A．The incompetence of the Democrats． B．The op

20、position from business circles． C．The lack of a precedent in American history． D．The existing Family and Medical Leave Act． 【小題3】What is Professor Anne Alstott’s argument for parental support？ A．Children need continuous care． B．Good parenting benefits society． C．The cost of raising children ha

21、s been growing． D．The U．S．should keep up with other developed countries． 【小題4】Why is the author against classifying parenting as a personal choice？ A．Parenting is regarded as a moral duty． B．Parenting relies largely on social support． C．Parenting produces huge moral benefits． D．Parenting is ba

22、sically a social responsibility． 閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C、D）中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。 　　Every autumn Linda Krentz felt her brain go on strike. “I just couldn’t get going in the morning,” she says. “I’d get depressed(抑郁的) and gain 10 pounds every winter and lose them again in the spring.” Then she read abou

23、t seasonal emotional problem, a form of depression that occurs in autumn and winter, and she saw the light. Every morning now she turns on a special light box for half an hour and sits in front of it to trick her brain into thinking it’s still enjoying those long summer days. It seems to work. 　　Kr

24、entz is not alone. Scientists estimate that 10 million Americans suffer from seasonal depression. There’s never been final conclusion that treatment with very bright lights makes a difference. 　　Until now, in three separate studies published last month, researchers report not only that light treatm

25、ent works better than a placebo(安慰劑) but that treatment is usually more effective in the early morning than in the evening. 　　Why does light treatment work? No one really knows. “Our research suggests it has something to do with the change of the body’s internal(內(nèi)部的) clock,” says psychiatrist Dr. L

26、ewey. The body is programmed to start the day with sunrise, he explains, and this gets later as the days get shorter. But why such small changes make some people depressed and not others is a mystery. 　　That hasn’t stopped thousands of winter depressive patients from trying to heal themselves. Ligh

27、t boxes for that purpose are available without a doctor’s prescription(處方). That bothers psychologist Michael Terman. He is worried that the boxes may be tried by patients who suffer from mental illness that can’t be treated with light. 　　“You should at least choose a reputable manufacturer. Whatev

28、er product you use should give out only visible light, because ultraviolet(紫外線) light damages the eyes. If you are light-sensitive, you may develop a skin problem.” a doctor warned his patient. Though the main drawback is having to sit in front of the light for 30 to 60 minutes in the morning, that’

29、s an inconvenience many winter depressive patients can live with. 67. What is the probable cause of Krentz’s problem? A. Her seasonal change of body weight. B. A strange disease of her nervous system. C. Her poor eyesight in autumn and winter. D. Poor adjustment of her body clock to seasonal ch

30、anges. 68. By saying that Linda Krentz “saw the light”(Line 4, Para. 1), the author means that she “______”. A. learned how to lose weight B. realized what her problem was C. came to see the importance of light D. became light-hearted and cheerful 69. What is the recent view concerning the tre

31、atment of seasonal depression with bright lights? A. Its effect remains to be seen. B. It serves as a kind of placebo. C. It proves to be effective. D. It hardly produces any effects. 70. What is psychologist Michael Terman’s major concern? A. Depressive patients will be addicted to using light

32、boxes. B. Patients may give up light treatment because of inconvenience. C. Light boxes will produce harmful ultraviolet lights. D. Light treatment could be misused by certain mental patients. 【答案】67---70、DBCD 2020高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解——人物傳記/故事類 What benefits can you have from a film? A well-made f

33、ilm offers a whole world of things to watch. First there are the story aspects — the plot,characters, dialogue and themes. Then there are the technical aspects — the camera work, cuttings and special effects. And there are many other things, like the credits, musical score and the acting. Awell-made

34、 film offers much more than you see in one viewing (觀看). Films are a means of communication. They can tell you things, just as newspapers do, or television,or any other means of communication. Sometimes they communicate important things to you, like ideasor lifestyles or ways of looking at the

35、world. Sometimes people are aware of this, and sometimes not.The more you are aware of this, the better you are. Notice, for example, the way films sometimes affect fashion. A star dresses or wears her hair in a certain way, and suddenly everyone is imitating (模仿) her. Boys in the 1950s could s

36、ometimes be seen wearingblack leather jackets, idling (閑逛) on street corners and smoking cigarettes. They were imitating Marion Brando.? His films taught them a certain way to behave. Films can also teach politics. In Star Wars, the heroes were a bunch of lovable incompetents (無(wú)能者) fighting wit

37、h guts (膽量) and not much else. They were, in fact, rather like the British in the early days of WW II. Their enemies, like the Nazis, had a big advantage in equipment and numbers of troops, and they were like the Nazis in discipline and heartlessness too. The whole film, in fact, was a re-run (重演) o

38、f WW II,? and taught values like faith and love of liberty. This is all to the good, but the point is, did you notice it? 【小題1】All of the following are mentioned as noticeable aspects of a film EXCEPT________. A．the list of names of actors and directors，etc. B．the cost of a film C．the music

39、for a film D．the language used in a film 【小題2】The last sentence in Paragraph 1 probably means ________. A．a(chǎn) high quality film can be appreciated repeatedly from different angles B．a(chǎn) good film always attracts a lot of viewers C．a(chǎn) well made film usually has more than one

40、 theme D．one can never find out how many characters there are in a good film 【小題3】It can be inferred from the passage that in his film，Marion Brando was ________. A．a(chǎn) motorist who always wore a black leather jacket B．a(chǎn) homeless man who died of excessive smoking C．a(chǎn) rebellious man during WWⅡ D．a(chǎn)n idler who didn't have any serious things to do 【小題4】Star Wars is a film________. A．a(chǎn)bout WWⅡ B．for politics C．reflecting WWⅡ D．for peace lovers