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PersonalRelationships,,,Listentoashortstoryandcompletethefollowingsentences:,1.Thestorytookplaceatthetimeof______________________________________.2.Therelationshipbetweenthewomanandthelittleboyis_________.3.Thewomanledthelittleboyintothestorebecause______________________________________.4.Thewomanboughttheboy______________________________.5.“AreyouGod…”heremeans____________.,strangers,onecoldevening,duringtheholidayseason,sheknewheneededsomethinginthestore,kind-hearted,somenewshoesandwarm,clothes,,,AStory,,,??Onecoldeveningduringtheholidayseason,alittleboyaboutsixorsevenwasstandingoutinfrontofastorewindow.Thelittlechildhadnoshoesandhisclotheswereoldandtorn.Ayoungwomanpassingbysawthelittleboyandcouldreadthelonginginhispaleblueeyes.Shetookthechildbythehandandledhimintothestore.Theresheboughthimsomenewshoesandwarmclothes.,??Theycamebackoutsideintothestreetandthewomansaidtothechild,“Nowyoucangohomeandhaveaveryhappyholiday.”Thelittleboylookedupatherandasked,“AreyouGod,Ma’am?”Shesmileddownathimandreplied,“No,son,I’mjustoneofhischildren.”Thelittleboythensaid,“IknewyouhadtobearelativeofGod.”,,,,TalkinginPairs,1.Whatisyourviewpointoftheinterpersonalrelationshipsnowadays?2.Ifyouwerethewoman,whatwouldyoudo?Trytoexplainit.,,,AppreciationandGroupDiscussion,,,,DiscussionQuestions,Variouskindsofrelationshipsexistindailylifeasinthepictures.Discussingroupsthedifferentpersonalrelationshipswedealwithinreallife.2.Inourlife,somepeopleareopenwhilesomeothersarereserved.Whichtypedoyouprefer?Why?,,Watchthevideoanddiscussthefollowingquestions,1.Doyoulikethemovie?Why?2.Whenyouandyourfriendarebothindanger,willyoulaydownyourlifeforhim/her?,,,VideoClip,,Clickthepicture,,ProverbsandSayings,Alifewithoutafriendisalifewithoutasun.,?,人生沒有朋友，猶如生活沒有了太陽。,Inprosperityourfriendsknowus;inadversityweknowourfriends.——JohnChurtonCollins,在順境中，朋友結識了我們；在逆境中我們了解了朋友?！s翰丘頓柯林斯,?,Youthgivesloveandroses,agestillleavesusfriendsandwine.——ThomasMoore,青春賦予我們愛情和玫瑰，歲月帶給我們朋友和美酒?！旭R斯摩爾,?,,TheGiftofLife,,,Willyougiveyourtime,favoritebooks,moneyorbloodtoafriend?,Iwouldbewillingtogiveanythingtomybestfriend.Astomycasualfriends,Iwouldgivemytimeandbloodtothemwhentheyarereallyneeded.ButIwouldnotgivemymoneyorfavoritebookstothem.IftheyreallyneedmoneyorlikemybooksIwouldlendsomemoneyorbookstothem.Anyway,Iwouldreadilygivehelptomyfriendswhenitisneededbecause“afriendinneedisafriendindeed”.,,2.Whoreleasedthebombswhichlandedinthesmallorphanage?Andwhoofferedmedicalhelptothewounded?,Itwasnotexactlystatedthatwhichsidereleasedthebombs.ButbasedonthefactthattheintrudertoVietnamwasAmericantroops,wecouldfairlysaytheywereAmericanAirForce.ThemedicalhelpwasayoungAmericanNavydoctorandaNavynurse.SoitwasquiteironicthatboththedestroyingpartandtheprotectingpartcamefromAmerica.,,No.Afterthemomentoftheinsertion,heletoutalongsob.Andafterafewmomentsanothersobescaped,buthewasalwaystryingtocoveruphiscrying.Finallyhisoccasionalsobturnedtoasteady,silentcrying.Heng’ssobbingandsilentcryingsuggestedthathewasterrifiedandfrightenedbydeath,butatthesametimehewouldratherlaydownhislifeforhisfriend.,3.DidHengcryloudlyassoonastheneedlewasinsertedintohisarms?,,,context(para.1~2),when,where,who,what,Bombslandedintheorphanageandsomechildrenwerewounded.,,,,5)UnderthehelpoftheVietnamesenurse,theAmericansknewthereason.Hengthoughtthathewoulddie,buthestilldiditbecauseshewashisfriend.(Para.14~Para.18),Intimeorder,whathappenednext?(para.3~18),,meaningofthestory(para.19),,Thereisnolovegreaterthanthis,thatapersonlaydownhis/herlifeforafriend.,,,,NobodyknowswhatthesebombsweresupposedtohitduringtheterribleVietnamWar,buttheylandedinasmallorphanagerunbyamissionarygroup.(Line1),besupposedtodo…應該做，理應做,,在可怕的越南戰(zhàn)爭期間，誰也不知道這些炸彈要轟炸什么目標，而它們卻落在了一所由傳教士辦的小孤兒院內。,,Everystudentissupposedtobeintheclassroombefore8o’clock.,所有學生8點以前應該到教室。,情人節(jié)你不應該送她康乃馨，你該送她玫瑰。,OnValentine’sDay,youarenotsupposedtosendhercarnations.Youaresupposedtosendroses.,,,2.…itwasclearthatwithoutimmediateaction,shewoulddiefromlossofbloodandshock.(Line9),itisclear+主語從句…很顯然，很清楚，顯而易見,,此句型中clear?？杀黄渌稳菰~替換如：itisobviousthat,itistruethat,itisevidentthat等,,顯然你沒有得到她的青睞，否則，她不會拒絕你的邀請。,Itisclearthatyoudidn’twinheraffection,otherwiseshewouldn’trejectyourinvitation.,ItistruethatwithoutEnglishcourse,collegelifemaybecomemucheasier.Butitisobviousthatyoucan’tkeeppacewiththemodernsocietyifyoudon’tstudyEnglish.,沒有英語課，大學生活確實會輕松很多。但是不學英語，你顯然不能適應現(xiàn)代社會的需要。,,2.Itwasclearthatwithoutimmediateaction,shewoulddiefromlossofbloodandshock.(Line9),如果不能立即采取行動，顯然她將因失血過多和休克而死亡。,,,3.Usingwhatlittlecommonlanguagetheycouldfind,togetherwithalotofsignlanguage,theytriedtoexplaintothefrightenedchildrenthatunlesstheycouldgivesomebloodtotheirlittlefriendshewouldcertainlydie.(Line16),1.Using+賓語從句在句中作狀語2.togetherwith相當于aswellas，與前面短語一起作狀語3.theytriedtoexplain…是句子的主語和謂語部分4.thefrightenedchildren是句子的一個賓語（間接賓語）5.unlesstheycouldgive…既是句子的直接賓語又是后面句子的條件從句,,3.Usingwhatlittlecommonlanguagetheycouldfind,togetherwithalotofsignlanguage,theytriedtoexplaintothesefrightenedchildrenthatunlesstheycouldgivesomebloodtotheirlittlefriendshewouldcertainlydie.(Line16),醫(yī)生和護士用少得可憐的一點共同語言，結合大量的手勢語，努力向這些受驚嚇的孩子們解釋說，除非他們能輸一些血給自己的小伙伴，否則她將必死無疑。,,,4.Hengwasquicklylaidonabed,hisarmcleanedwithalcohol,andtheneedleinsertedintohisarm.(Line27),此句中hisarmcleanedwithalcohol和theneedleinsertedintohisarm是獨立主格結構。,,,獨立主格結構在句中作狀語，有自己的邏輯主語,表示一種伴隨的動作或情況。,獨立主格結構,主語+,,,,,,,,,副詞,介詞短語,現(xiàn)在分詞,過去分詞,動詞不定式,+其他,形容詞短語,,Shelayonherback,___________________________.,她臉朝天頭枕著交叉的手躺著。,_____________,shehastotakecareofthefamily.,媽媽病了，她得承擔起照顧全家的責任。,herhandscrossedunderthehead,Motherbeingill,____________________,wehadtogotowork.,鐘已敲過，我們不得不去工作了。,Theclockhavingstruck,（伴隨狀語）,（原因狀語）,（時間狀語）,,Hehasbeenworkingveryhard,____________________________.,他工作一直很努力，第一部小說即將發(fā)表。,hisfirstnoveltobepublishedsoon,Therearefourfactoriesinthisregion,_____________________.,這個地區(qū)有四個工廠，每個有200名工人。,eachhaving200workers,（結果狀語）,（同位語）,,,與句子相比，獨立主格結構短小精干，常使句子言簡意賅，也使文章的句式豐富多彩,,,Hengwasquicklylaidonabed,hisarmcleanedwithalcohol.,Hengwasquicklylaidonabed,andhisarmwascleanedwithalcohol.,試比較,,4.Hengwasquicklylaidonabed,hisarmcleanedwithalcohol,andtheneedleinsertedintohisarm.(Line27),Heng很快被抱到一張床上，手臂用酒精消了毒，并且針插進了他的胳膊。,,,5.Themedicalteamnowwasveryworriedbecausetheneedleshouldnothavebeenhurtingtheirtinypatient.(Line42),should+have+過去分詞這一結構的肯定形式表示本應該做卻沒有做；其否定形式表示某種行為不該發(fā)生卻發(fā)生了。,,Sheshouldn’thaveleftthehospitalsosoon,forshehadnotyetrecovered.,她不該那么早就出院，因為她還沒有康復。,YoushouldhavegotMarkAinyourfinalexaminationbutyourhandwritingistoobad.,你本可以在期末考試中得A,但是你的字寫得太糟。,,5.Themedicalteamnowwasveryworriedbecausetheneedleshouldnothavebeenhurtingtheirtinypatient.(Line42),現(xiàn)在醫(yī)療小組非常擔憂，因為針不該使他們的小病人一直感到疼痛。,,,,Ifyoubreakthelaw,youmustbepreparedtosuffertheconsequences.,你如果違犯法律，就必須準備承擔后果。,ThatyoungmanhadtosuffertheinjuriescausedbythechemicalweaponsleftbyJapanesetroopsinWorldWarII.,那個年輕人不得不去承受日軍在二戰(zhàn)期間遺留的化學武器給他造成的傷害。,1)vt.忍受，容忍，承受，耐住,1.suffer(Line5):feelorhavepain,loss,etc.,,,BoxinglegendMohammedAlisuffersfromthediseaseofParkinsonforalongtime.,拳王阿里身患帕金森（氏）病已經有很長一段時間了。,Itisnaturalformanyfreshmentosufferfromhomesicknessnowandthen.,許多大學新生偶爾會想念自己的家鄉(xiāng)是很自然的事情。,2)vi.受痛苦，受苦難，患病,,,,2.wound(Line6);injure(Line9);hurt(Line36),wound,injure,一般是指由槍械或者刀劍等尖銳物體造成的身體上的傷害。,a)由于重物如棍棒或者炸彈爆炸所造成的傷害；b)在事故中受到的傷害。,hurt,除表示受傷外，主要用于表示身體疼痛及情感受傷害。,,詞義辨析,請用wound,hurt或injure的適當形式填空,Shewasslightly_______whenshefellofftheladder.,她從梯子上跌下來時，受了一點輕傷。,Thebulletunfortunately________JamesBondintheshoulder.,槍彈不幸打傷了詹姆斯?邦德的肩膀。,HongKongPhoenixTVnewsanchorLiuHai-ruowasseriously______inaBritishtrainaccidentin2002.,香港鳳凰衛(wèi)視新聞主播劉海若在2002年發(fā)生在英國的一次列車事故中身受重傷。,wounded,injured,hurt,,,,3.supply(Line11),1)n.supplying,stock補給,供給,[常作supplies]供應品，補給品，(儲備)物資,agoodsupplyoffruit,水果的大量供應,household(medical)supplies,家庭(醫(yī)藥)用品,,,,,2)vt.makeavailabletouse供給，供應，提供（所需物品）；（把）供應給（with）；為提供,TheUNisurgently______________________forthesurvivorsinBam,thequake-strickenancientcityinIran.,聯(lián)合國緊急向受地震侵襲的伊朗巴姆古城的幸存者提供糧食和帳篷。,,supplyingfoodandcamps,,,,request請求,語氣較強require委婉、客氣，通常不用于口語,MayIrequestyoutoleave?,Werequestthefavorofareplyatyourearliestconvenience.,請你離開一下好嗎？,請方便時盡早給予答復。,4.request(Line21):vt.askorbeingasked請求，要求，懇求,requestrequire,,詞義辨析,,requirevt.類似order,demand用法，向對方提出的要求有一定權威性，強制對方服從其要求，但語氣弱些，常用于被動語態(tài)。,Theborderpolicerequiredthetravelertounlockhisluggage.,邊境警察要求游客打開自己的行李。,要想成為一名優(yōu)秀的足球裁判同樣需要下苦工夫。,Tobecomeanexcellentsoccerrefereerequirespainstakingeffortaswell.,,請用request或require的適當形式填空,TheUSNavy__________ustoprovideemergentassistance.Youare_________toattendtomorrow’snewsconference.Thepresenceofallmembersofthebandwas__________.Thenewregulation________strictobservanceineverydetail.,requested,required,requested,requires,,,5.insert(Line29),AnsurgeoninsertedaspecialmedicaldeviceintohismouthtopickupDNAsample.,醫(yī)生把一個特殊的醫(yī)學裝置插入他的口中來提取DNA樣本。,,]1)vt.putsomethinginsomethingelse插入，嵌入,,Medicalexaminersfoundaknife-likeinsertinsidethevictim’sstomach.,法醫(yī)在受害者的體內發(fā)現(xiàn)了一把刀狀的插入物。,,,2)n.somethinginserted插入物，鑲補物,,6.stiff(Line32):adj.,1)quitehardandnoteasytobend硬的，僵直的,Ican’tplaythepianolikeIusedto.Myfingershavegonestifffromlackofpractice.,我不能像過去那樣彈鋼琴了，我的手指因缺乏練習變得僵硬了。,,,2)formal,unfriendly生硬的，呆板的，不友好的,Facingjournalists’questions,thePrimeMinisteralwayskeptastiffface.,面對記者的提問，那位總理總是板著面孔。,,,7.occasional(Line40):adj.,happeningsometimes偶然的，偶爾的，非經常的,天氣還算不錯，只是偶爾有陣雨。,,,Theweatherwasgoodexceptforanoccasionalshower.,occasionalvisits/rain/sneeze/trips,,偶爾來訪/有雨/打噴嚏/旅行,,8.steady(Line40):adj.,1)developingorgrowinggradually不斷的，持續(xù)的,,YaoMing’ssteadyprogressinskillsresultsfromhiswonderfulperformanceintheNBAmatches.,姚明的不斷進步的球技來自于他在NBA比賽中的出色表現(xiàn)。,,,2)firm,stable穩(wěn)的，平穩(wěn)的,JackieChan’samazingChinesekungfulaysasteadyfoundationforhissuccessinHollywood.,成龍的令人驚嘆的中國功夫為他在好萊塢的成功打下了牢固的基礎。,,,9.relief(Line50):n.,1)thelesseningorremovingofpain,anxiety,etc.（痛苦等）緩解，減輕，解除,Fans’supportbroughtR.Baggiosomerelieffromthemissingofthepenaltyinthefinalof1994’sWorldCup.,球迷們的支持使羅伯特巴喬多少緩解了1994年世界杯決賽射失點球的痛苦。,,2)thefeelingthatyouhavewhensomethingunpleasantstopsorbecomeslessstrong（痛苦、憂郁等消除后感到的）輕松，寬心，寬慰,Itwasagreatrelieftofindnothinghadbeenstolen.,發(fā)現(xiàn)沒丟任何東西，感到很寬慰。,,,,同根詞：relieve:v.ease,lessen使減輕，使解除（痛苦、憂愁等）；使寬慰,Shesaidthatlisteningtolightmusiccouldrelieveherpressureinstudy.,她說聽輕音樂可以減輕學習中的壓力。,,,10.laydown(Line57):loseorstophavingsomethingwillinglyinordertohelpothers犧牲，獻身,CountlessspaceexpertsarelayingdowntheirwitsandenergytoacceleratetherealizationofthelaunchofShenzhouVIspaceship.,無數(shù)航天科技人員都在為加速實現(xiàn)“神舟”六號的發(fā)射奉獻著自己的智慧和精力。,,YitzhakRabin,calledmanofIsrael,evenlaiddownhislifefortheeternalpeaceoftheMiddleEast.,被稱為以色列偉人的拉賓為中東地區(qū)的永久和平甚至獻出了自己的生命。,,10.laydown(Line57):loseorstophavingsomethingwillinglyinordertohelpothers犧牲，獻身,,,,1.這個女孩腿上有傷。,,Thegirlsufferedwoundstoherlegs.,2.幾小時后，醫(yī)療救助人員趕到了。,,Acoupleofhourslater,medicalhelparrived.,3.立即的行動,,immediateaction,4.相配的/適合的血型,,thematching/correctbloodtype,,,5.Hislifewas/hunginthebalance.,他命懸一線。,6.afterseverallongmomentsofsilence,幾次長時間沉默后,7.Henglaystiffandsilent.,Heng直挺挺地躺著，也不說話。,8.Alookofgreatreliefspreadoverhisface.,他的臉上露出了輕松的表情。,,,,,,PersonalRelationships,,,,,Wordsyouneedtoknow:,innocent純真的impact影響Downing道寧（地名）,,RememberingtheCarpenters??TheseweretwoinnocentkidsfromDowningthatlovedtomakemusicandtheydiditwithtenderloveandcare.Theyadmiredeachothergreatly.Theyhadanenormousimpact.Theymadealotofpeoplehappyandstillcontinueto..,??紀念卡朋特兄妹這是兩個來自道寧的純真孩子。他們熱愛音樂，懷著愛心和關懷來創(chuàng)作音樂。他們彼此欽慕，影響深遠。他們曾使并不斷使許多人感到快樂。,,,Yettheycouldonlygetthebloodifoneofthefrightenedchildrenwouldagreetogiveit.(Line22),此句可以從反面著筆進行翻譯，即正說反譯或反說正譯。不用這種反面著筆譯法的譯文并非不通，而是譯者為了達到行文優(yōu)美、表達生動的目的。此為英漢翻譯中非常有用的一個技巧。,然而，如果這些受驚嚇的孩子中無人自愿獻血，他們就無法得到血。,,Youcouldn’tkillanymore.,你已經惡貫滿盈了。,Iprefertheredonetotheblackone.,我要紅的，不要黑的。,Thisbookcouldnothavebeenwrittenorpublishedwithoutthehelpofdozensofpeople,andIamdeeplygratefultoallofthem.,這本書的寫作和出版曾得到許多位友人的各種幫助,謹此一并深表謝意。,,Afteramoment,thelittleboystoppedcrying,openedhiseyes,andlookedquestioninglyattheVietnamesenurse.(Line48),詞性轉換在英漢翻譯中是常用的手段。在英語里可以用一個名詞表達的感受，漢語也許可用一個動詞；一個漢語里的副詞在英語表達時可能轉換成形容詞，這類例子比比皆是。詞性轉換幾乎可以在所有詞性間進行。,過了一會，小男孩不哭了，睜開眼睛，用詢問的目光看著越南護士。,,ThemedicalhelpwasayoungAmericanNavydoctorandanequallyyoungNavynurse.,救援小組由一名年輕的美國海軍醫(yī)生和一名同樣年輕的海軍護士組成。,Theirrequestwasmetwithwide-eyedsilence.,對醫(yī)生和護士的請求，孩子瞪大眼睛，一聲不吭。,Awell-dressedman,wholookedandtalkedlikeanAmerican,gotintothecar.,一個穿著講究的人上了車。他的外表和談吐都像個美國人。,,TheVietnamesenurserepeatedthequestiontothelittleboy,whoansweredsimply,“She’smyfriend.”(Line55),定語從句翻譯時的變通主要在于調整從句的類別。在翻譯過程中，可以靈活變通，把定語從句譯成各種類型的狀語，包括原因、目的、結果、條件、讓步、假設等類型或轉換成其他類型的從句，甚至譯成獨立的句子。,越南護士把這個問題向小男孩重復了一遍。小男孩簡單地回答道：“她是我的朋友?！?,Severalchildrenwerewounded,includingoneyounggirl,about8yearsold,whosufferedwoundstoherlegs.,幾個孩子受了傷，其中有一個女孩8歲左右，她的雙腿被炸傷。,Hedecidedtotakethisdifficultcourse,whichhasmadehimextremelybusyduringthesummer.,他決定修這門很難的課，結果他整個夏天忙得不亦樂乎。,EachtourwillbeescortedbyEnglishspeakinginterpreterswhowillhelpyoutoobtaininformationandinterestfromwhatyouareseeing.,每次游覽都有英語翻譯陪同，以幫助來賓了解參觀點的情況。,,PersonalRelationships,,,,作文審題時存在的問題:,1.審題匆忙，不加思索，沒有審清題目就動筆寫作，結果造成“下筆千言，離題萬里”的現(xiàn)象。,2.心緒不定、粗心大意導致“誤讀”題目、離題。,3.題目寬泛時，圍繞主題堆砌材料。大腦思維呈現(xiàn)出輻射狀，感覺抓不住文章的重點、理不清內容的主次。,4.文章寫偏、寫散，或者膚淺缺乏具體內容。,5.漏讀題目補充信息導致嚴重失分。,,,,1.判斷作文標題與主題的關系，以較強的發(fā)揮能力對主題加以提煉，在不影響題目原意的情況下，適當將寬題具體化，確定某一寫作角度后展開聯(lián)想思路，做到寬題窄做、明確中心。,2.逐個推敲題目中的關鍵字詞，注意善于領會、緊扣題目的旨意。,3.認真審閱作文的說明要求和所給的材料，仔細分析提供的各類信息（包括中文的、英文的、畫面的或數(shù)字的信息），比如：關鍵詞、段首句、提綱、提示、圖表說明等。,,,請審看下題。審定題目后，你如何按照各項要求寫出作文來？,Direction:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopic.HowtoKeeponGoodTermswithRoommates?Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsaccordingtotheoutlinegivenbelowinChinese.1.大學伊始,剛剛入學的新生之間存在差異2.維護室友之間的和睦關系是非常重要的3.如何處理室友之間的關系,,HowtoKeeponGoodTermswithRoommates?,,Formostfreshmen,universitydormlifeisa“fresh”experience.However,studentsfromallcornersofthecountrymaysoonfind,apartfromaccents,theyhavetofacealotofotherdifferences.Forexample,earlybirds(早起的人)andnightowls(夜貓子)disturbeachother.Foranotherexample,lazyboneswhodolittlecleaningmay“pollute”theroomwithsmellysocks.What’smore,whileoneisusedtolivinginaquietatmosphere(環(huán)境),hisroommateshappentobechatterboxes,talkingoverthephoneforhours.Thelistof“conflicts”(沖突)couldgoonandon.,,,Itisveryessentialforroommatestokeepongoodterms.Harmonioussurroundingswillhelpthemmakeacademicprogress,fosterfriendshipanddevelopcommunicationskills.Inacertainsense,adormflatistheir“secondhome”,theroommatestodaymaybecomecolleaguesandlifelongfriendstomorrow.Iftheycouldnotgetalongwellthroughoutthefouryears,howcouldtheyworkandstudyeffectively?Thenhowcouldflat-matesgetalongwell?,,,Herearesometips.Firstandforemost,respecteachother.Secondly,betolerant.Neverlosetemperwhenoffended,andtrytotalkfranklywhendisagreementsarise.Thirdly,beconsiderate.Whynotwalkontiptoeatnaptime?Whynothelproommatesgetclothesbackbeforerainfall?Lastbutnotleast,setsomeeffectiverulesandfollowthemconsciously.Ifroommatesfollowthesepiecesofadvice,yearslater,thedormlifewillbeacherishedandunforgettablepartofcollegelife.,,,I.[CET-4,2003-09作文題目]Direction:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopicTheDayMyClassmateFellIll(orGotInjured).Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsaccordingtotheoutlinegivenbelowinChinese.1.簡單敘述一下這位同學生?。ㄊ軅┑那闆r2.同學、老師和我是如何幫助他/她的3.人與人之間的這種相互關愛給我的感受是,,,ThankYouforYourAttention,