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1、Lesson One,Face to Face with Hurricane Camille by Joseph P. Blank,Background Knowledge,1. About the author: Joseph p. Blank （約瑟夫布蘭克）,the writer published “Face to Face with Hurricane Camille“ in the Readers Digest, March 1970. 2. Hurricane Camille（卡米爾號颶風(fēng)）: In the United States hurricanes are named a

2、lphabetically and given the names of people like Hurricane Camille, Hurricane Betsy, and so on; whereas in China Typhoons are given serial numbers like Typhoon No. 1, Typhoon No. 2 and so on.,3. The Salvation Army（救世軍）: A Protestant religious body devoted to the conversion of, and social work among

3、the poor, and characterized by use of military titles, uniforms, etc. It was founded in 1878 by “General“ Booth in London; now worldwide in operation. 救世軍，國際基督教慈善組織，其職能是扶危濟(jì)困。為提高工作效率，其組織形式和活動方式均擬軍隊形式，有軍銜、軍服。救世軍組織現(xiàn)已遍布80多個國家，國際總部設(shè)在倫敦。該組織創(chuàng)世人是衛(wèi)理工會牧師、后成為救世軍總司令的“布斯將軍”。,4. Red Cross（紅十字會）: an international

4、organization ( in full Internation Red Cross) founded in 1864 with headquarters and branches in all countries signatory to the Geneva Convention, for the relief of sufferingt in time of war or disaster. 紅十字會，據(jù)1864年日內(nèi)瓦公約的規(guī)定照顧在戰(zhàn)爭中受傷、有病和無家可歸的人的一個國際組織，現(xiàn)也在自然災(zāi)害發(fā)生時或之后進(jìn)行救助。,4. National Guard（國民警衛(wèi)隊）： Each st

5、ate has its own organization of the National Guard. It is composed of ordinary citizens who may be called to duty at any time. 5. Civil Defense Unit（民防隊）play much the same role, but are not military in nature.,The Beaufort Scale,After Sir Francis Beaufort (1774-1857), Brit naval officer who devised

6、this original scale (1806), a scale of wind force and speed. 蒲福風(fēng)級: 英國海軍將領(lǐng) Francis Beaufort (1774-1857)擬訂,分0-12級,The Beaufort Scale,Number Description m.p.h. 0 clam breeze 無風(fēng) 0 1 light breeze 軟風(fēng) 1-3 2 slight breeze 輕風(fēng) 4-7 3 gentle breeze 微風(fēng) 8-12 4 moderate breeze和風(fēng) 1318 5 fresh breeze清風(fēng) 1924 6 strong

7、 breeze強風(fēng) 25-31 7 moderate gale疾風(fēng) 32-38 8 fresh gale 大風(fēng) 39-46 9 strong gale 烈風(fēng) 47-54 10 whole gale 狂風(fēng) 55-63 11 storm 暴風(fēng) 64-75 12 hurricane 颶風(fēng) over 75,mph=miles per hour,風(fēng)級歌,零級煙柱直沖天； 一級輕煙隨風(fēng)偏； 二級輕風(fēng)吹滿面； 三級葉動紅旗展； 四級枝搖飛紙片； 五級帶葉小樹搖； 六級舉傘步行難； 七級迎風(fēng)走不便； 八級風(fēng)吹樹枝斷； 九級屋頂飛瓦片； 十級拔樹又倒屋； 十一二級陸少見。,typhoon, cyclone, h

8、urricane,Typhoon: Storms over the West Pacific Ocean and China seas. Cyclone: Storms over the Indian Ocean. Hurricane: storms over North Atlantic Ocean, the Caribbean Sea and Gulf of Mexico; a violent tropical cyclone with winds moving at 73 or more miles per hour，often accompanied by torrential rai

9、ns.,Four kinds of writing styles,1) narration 記敘文 2) description 描寫文 3) exposition 說明文 4) argumentation 議論文,Detailed introduction to narration,protagonists vs. antagonists actions suspense/tension climax demouement,The literary style,A piece of narration is mainly developed in the actual time sequen

10、ce. The writer tells the readers what happens first , what next. chronological development,narration - story telling extended narration - novels histories biographies autobiographies travelogues,1. characters 2. plot A good story has a beginning, a middle, an end, even though it may start in the mid

11、dle or at some other point in the action and move backward to the earlier happenings.,The essentials of narration,Narration is concerned with action. It goes around people called characters in some kind of struggle or conflict against other people, nature, society or themselves. protagonist - leadin

12、g character antagonist - the people or forces protagonist fights against suspense - a state of uncertainty,interposition - a passage which is put between the action.插敘 The purpose is to add more information to create suspense flashback - interruption of chronological sequence by interjection of even

13、t of earlier occurrence倒敘 climax - the most exciting, important interesting part on the story, denouement - the ending of a story,climax falling action denouement rising action conflict suspense ending,beginning,Compounds,television = tele + vision, a combining form “tele-“ plus a noun “vision“. Eg.

14、 telegram, telephone, telescope, telegraph, telecommunication, telecast, etc. 2. northwestward = north + west + ward or northwest + ward. “-ward“ is a suffix meaning “in a (specific) direction or course“. eg:eastward. westward. backward, upward, inward, outward, seaward, home-ward. etc.,Compounds,3.

15、 motel = motorist + hotel, a blend word formed by combining parts of other words. eg: smog = smoke + fog, smaze = smoke + haze, brunch = breakfast + lunch, moped = motor + pedal, galumph = gallop + triumph, etc. 4. bathtub=bath + tub, a compound word formed by combining two nouns. eg: bathrobe, bath

16、room. bedroom, roommate, butterfly, dragonfly, football, housekeeper, etc. 5. returnees=return + ees, a verb plus a noun forming suffix “-ee“ designating a person in specified condition. eg: employee, refugee, retiree, examinee, escapee, nominee, interviewee, divorcee.,Theme,man vs. nature,The detai

17、led study of the text,Radio and televisionas Camille lashed .Mexico.（Para.1, line 3） lash - to strike with great force; to move violently or suddenly. Eg. The waves lashed the racks. Eg. The rain was lashing against the windows.,It was certain to pummel Gulfport ,Miss., where the Koshaks lived.( Par

18、a.1, line5 ) pummel ( pommel).-to beat suddenly or attack vigorously; to hit with repeated blows. Eg. The thief was pushed and pummeled by an angry crowd. Miss.=Mississippi的縮寫,Gulfport,加佛港，美國密西西比州東南部城市，位于比洛克西以西的墨西哥灣內(nèi)。1891年起有移民定居，當(dāng)時作為一個鐵路終點站，1902年后發(fā)展為一個港口。,Trying to reason out the best course of acti

19、on (para.2, line 1) reason out: 推斷出，合乎邏輯的表達(dá)。 eg. The expert reasoned out a solution to the problem.這位專家分析推斷出解決這個問題的方法。 2.Set forth facts and reason things out.擺事實，講道理 a course of action：行動方針，行動策略，方法,Las Vegas,Las Vegas city（拉斯維加斯） is the seat of Clark County in South Nevada. In 1970 it had a populat

20、ion of 125,787 people. Revenue from hotels, gambling, entertainment and other tourist-oriented industries forms the backbone of Las Vegass economy. Its nightclubs and casinos are world famous. The city is also the commercial hub of a ranching and mining area. In the 19th century Las Vegas was a wate

21、ring place for travelers to South California. In 1867, Las Vegas was detached from the Arizona territory and joined to Nevada.,Las Vegas(para.2, line5)拉斯維加斯，世界著名賭城，在美國內(nèi)華達(dá)州東南部，為克拉克縣縣城所在地。是美國內(nèi)華達(dá)州的最大城市，以賭博業(yè)為中心的龐大的旅游、購物、度假產(chǎn)業(yè)而著名，是世界知名的度假圣地之一，城內(nèi)多豪華旅館，夜總會，賭場及異域風(fēng)情游樂設(shè)施。自1931年實施賭博合法化以來，該城吸引了大量游客，市區(qū)人口和經(jīng)濟(jì)增長速度極快

22、。,Four years earlier, Hurricane Betsy had demolished his former home a few miles west of Gulfport.（para3，line 5）四年前，倍特西颶風(fēng)摧毀了他從前在加佛港西部以西幾英里的家。 Hurricane Betsy:倍特西颶風(fēng)，1965年9月710日橫掃了美國的弗羅里達(dá)州，密西西比州和路易斯安那州，造成74人死亡。,demolish， destroy, raze, annihilate見課后題第七題 destroy一詞最為常見，主要強調(diào)破壞的力度之大和徹底，一般不帶感情或修辭色彩。 demoli

23、sh和raze通常用于巨大物體，如大型建筑物等。demolish常用引申義，指任何復(fù)合體的被摧毀，如demolish a theory with a few incisive comments,意即“用幾句鋒利的評語推翻某種理論”，而raze幾乎無一例外地用于指建筑物的被毀。 annihilate在這些詞中所表示的損壞程度最為強烈，字面意思是“化為烏有”，但實際上往往用于指對人或物的嚴(yán)重?fù)p傷，如annihilate an enemy force,是指使敵軍遭到重創(chuàng)，不僅沒有還手之力，而且沒有招架之功。如說annihilate ones opponent in a debate，是指徹底駁倒對手

24、。,and were a good 250 yards from the sea（para.3,line10） a good :at least ;full,“We can batten down and ride it out“ (Para.4, line2)：we can make the necessary preparations and survicve the hurricane without much damage.（課后題4.3） to batten down - metaphor to secure with battens The elder Koshak is talk

25、ing about preparing and securing the house for the storm to come. ride out: 安然度過（大風(fēng)，風(fēng)暴等），經(jīng)受住。,Gray clouds scudded in from the Gulf on the rising wind. ( Para.6, line 1 ) The speed of these clouds is an indication of the swiftness with which the storm is approaching.,A neighbor, whose husband was in

26、Vietnam, asked if she and her two children could sit out the storm with the Koshaks:（課后題6.2） 卡米爾颶風(fēng)發(fā)生時的1969年正值美國陷入越南戰(zhàn)爭的泥潭，鄰居的丈夫當(dāng)時正在越南打仗 sit out: stay till the end of (a performance, etc.),Another neighbor came by on his way inlandwould of his dog? (para6 ,line5) （課后題6.3） another neighbor paid a visit

27、 on his way inland。 came by :pay a visit（American English） Next time youre over this way, come by.,句中的破折號表示有些部分省略了，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)說法應(yīng)為： Another neighbor came by on his way inland and asked if the Koshaks would mind would taking care of his dog. 文中此句破折號后的部分既非直接引述鄰居的原話又沒有按間接引述的語法要求轉(zhuǎn)述鄰居的問話，而直接保留問話形式，目的在于既節(jié)省文字又從中顯出鄰

28、居行色匆匆，慌不擇言，讓人感到一種緊張迫切的氣氛，也烘托出即將來臨的這場颶風(fēng)的兇猛可怕。,Wind and rain now whipped the house (para7,line1) 修辭手法：metaphor 全句真正含義是：Strong wind and rain was lashing the house as if with a whip. The French doors in an upstairs room blew in with an explosive.windows disintegrated. ( Para.8,line 5) French door-法蘭西式兩用

29、門，門為雙扇，上有玻璃格子，似窗,或 French windows落地窗。 blow in: burst open by the storm,disinterate, decay, rot, spoil, molder, decompose（見課后題第七題） decay 常指某物自然而然地逐漸衰敗腐化。如： His teeth have begun to decay.他的牙齒開始老化變壞。 rot指有機(jī)物質(zhì)，如蔬菜等因菌毒感染而腐敗變質(zhì)，如：rotting apples(爛了的蘋果) spoil用于非正式文體，常指食物變質(zhì)。如Fish spoils quickly in summer.魚在夏天

30、極易變質(zhì)。 molder用于指物體緩慢、逐步地腐朽。如：Old buildings molder away.老房子漸漸腐爛了。,disintegrate意指把某物從整體變?yōu)樗槠蛞粋€個部分。如Rocks disintegrated by frost and rain.被霜和雨蝕裂成碎塊的巖石。 decompose指將物質(zhì)分解為其構(gòu)成成分。如Water can be decompose(d) into hydrogen and oxygen.水可以分解成氫和氧。該詞還可以用來代替rot,使語氣略顯委婉。,The generator was doused (Para.9,line4) (見習(xí)題6.

31、5) douse-put out (a light，fire，generation, etc.) quickly by pouring water over it熄滅（燈或火） The electrical systems had been killed by water. (para11, line3) (練習(xí)6.6) kill-(American English) to cause (an engine, etc.) to stop and the water was rising by the minute (para.9 ,line7):水時刻都在漲 by : in the amoun

32、t of 按計算 Eg. Rent a house by the month,Everybody out the back door to the cars! (Para.10,line1) 無動詞祈使句。常常以介詞替代謂語的動作，亦可看作是謂語動詞省略的情況 (即elliptical). “everybody go out the back door and go to the car”。本文其他此類句子： Everybody on the stairs! (=Everybody go and sit on the stairs) (Para.12,line1) Up the stairs!

33、 (= Go up the stairs!) Into our bedroom! (=Go into our bedroom) Into the television room! ( = Go into the television room! ),The wind sounded like the roar of a train passing a few yards away: (para.13 ,line1) 修辭手法：simile 把the sound of the wind 比作the roar of a passing train,We can prop it up with ou

34、r heads and shoulders. ( Para.25,line 3) sentence meaning: 我們可以用頭和肩膀把它支撐起來！ Prop up: use a prop or props to raise sth. And prevent it from falling; support支撐；支持 例： The patient lay with his head propped up on three pillows. 病人躺著，用三個枕頭墊著頭。,A third wall gave way. ( Para.26,line 6) Sentence meaning: Ano

35、ther wall collapsed.又一面墻倒塌了。 Give way: collapse from or as if from physical pressure 倒塌 例： The ladder gave way. 梯子倒塌了。,and parts of the beach and highway were strewn with dead dogs, cats cattle. ( Para.28,line 4) Sentence meaning:海灘和公路的一些地方散落著死狗、死貓、死牛。 Strew: v. spread here and there; scatter 撒，使散落,

36、Strips of clothing festooned the standing trees. ( Para.28,line5) 被撕成布條的衣服掛在樹上，像是用花彩來裝飾樹。 修辭手法：metaphor。,Camille, meanwhile, had raked its way northward across Mississippi: （Para.32,line 1） sentence meaning: 與此同時，卡米爾颶風(fēng)已經(jīng)向北橫掃了密西西比州。 rake:v.(fig.) pass over or through a surface or medium with a contin

37、uous movement; lash（比喻）掠過，掃過，席卷 Eg. The typhoon raked its way over South China sea.臺風(fēng)橫掃了南海。,.causing rampaging floods:bringing about violent floods（Para.32,line 3）引發(fā)了洪水泛濫 rampage: v. move about widly or violently暴跳，橫沖直撞 例： Efforts were made to prevent the buffalo rampaging through the village.人們努力制止

38、水牛在村子里橫沖直撞。,.and he pitched in with Seabees in the worst volunteer work of all（Para. 33,line 5） sentence meaning: 他和美國海軍修建營成員一道努力投入到所有志愿者工作中最艱苦的工作。 Seabee: 美國海軍修建營成員，包括機(jī)匠、木工、電焊工及其他建筑工人，其主要任務(wù)是修建海軍航導(dǎo)基地和設(shè)施，一般不參加戰(zhàn)斗。,But the blues did occasionally afflict all the adults:（para.36, line 1） 但是憂郁的情緒不時地折磨所有的成

39、年人。 The blues: 1.(pl.) ( used with a sing. Or pl. verb) a state of depression or melancholy(復(fù)數(shù)形式)（與單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)動詞連用）憂郁，郁悶 例： The blues has finally gotten me today.憂郁的情結(jié)今天最終還是降臨到我心頭。 2.（音樂）藍(lán)調(diào)音樂布魯斯：一種源于美國南部黑人通俗歌曲的音樂風(fēng)格，通常表現(xiàn)為音速低緩，演奏第三和第七音節(jié)的降音調(diào)。,Organizational pattern,Sect I. para 1-6 introduction the setting o

40、f the story background information time place characters reasons actions,Sect II para 7-26 How the family was brought face to face with the hurricane. How the family was fighting against it and survived. How many onslaughts did the hurricane make on the Koshaks?,4 onslaughts,1. (p7) on the first flo

41、or the house was leaking. They used all kinds of utensils to fight against the water. 2. (p 8-13 ) on the staircase When the sea water reached the house, they retreated to the staircase,4 onslaughts,3. (p 14-21) in the bedroom When the stirs were broken, they retreated to the bedroom. (p 19-20) inte

42、rposition(插敘) 1. giving additional information about the devastating force of the hurricane, implying if anyone could survive, it must be a miracle. 2. creating suspense 4. (p22-26) in the TV room When the bedroom walls collapsed, they had to retreat to the TV room.,para 19 20,Two paras were put in

43、to provide further official account to show how strong and forceful the hurricane was. They were convincing.,Dear Lord, give me Why no quotation marks? The writer wants to make his account smooth. He purposely omits quotation marks. The action is quickened and smooth.,Organizational pattern,Sect. II

44、I para 2739 conclusion (a bit too long) the scene after the storm the relief work done by the state the relief work done by the Koshaks,Organizational pattern,The most important part is the last para. “I realize we lost nothing important“. What s the purpose behind the story by giving us a reflectio

45、n from grandmother? Human beings are more important than anything else in the world. ( the material things),Language features,1. the effective use of verbs The effective use of verbs is the only way to focus on action, esp. one syllable verbs, because one syllable verbs save time. lash, lap, skim, s

46、cud, yell, dump, shot, snap, hit, whip 2. short elliptical sentences a) increase the tempo of action b) create the atmosphere of tension, danger and urgency,3. successful achievement of chronological development Chronological development is achieved by : connectors - so, then, but. transitional phra

47、ses - seconds later, after that , for an instant, by this time, etc. 4. the words with which vividly describe the violence of the hurricane. - quick, unpleasant effect lash, crack, snap, slashing, smash, shatter, rampage, collapse, lap,3. Because salty water was sea water. It showed that the sea wat

48、er had reached the house. they were in real trouble for they might be washed into the sea by the tidal wave.,4. She feared death would soon come, and she wanted to remind her husband of her undying love. This would help to encourage each other and make them feel better to face the death. 5. Because

49、he had not been cautious enough to move the family away from the danger zone before the storm arrived.,6. In order to get their minds off the storm and make them feel less afraid. 7. John was trying his best to comfort and encourage his wife, for he also felt they were going to die.,Exercise III,1.

50、Background and historical facts about the Koshak family and Hurricane are woven into the narrative of the story. The first six paras give us the framework we need for the beginning of the storm in para 7.,Exercise III,2. The focus is mainly on action. We learn very little, except snatches, about the

51、 characters, and the main theme ( the importance of love and life over all else) is the direct result on the action.,Exercise III,3. John Koshak. 4. Nature, the storm 5. He builds up the suspense a) by the careful explanatory introduction and gradual description of the onset of the storm. b) by rela

52、ting a series of near tragic misshapes that gradually lessen the familys chances of survival, c) by inserting at an exciting moment facts about the power of the hurricane.,Exercise III,6. the story moves chronologically. 7. At the end of prar 26, just before the storm begins to subside. 8. One might

53、 have ended it after para 28. Personally I like it as it is, but there are many possible answers to this question. 9. Yes, it states the theme of the story.,Exercise IV,Paraphrase 1. Were 25 feet above the sea level. 2. Our house was built in 1915 and has not been damaged by a hurricane. 3. We can s

54、trengthen the house and remain inside during the storm, and survive.,Paraphrase,4. Water had caused the generator to stop, and that had made the lights go out. 5. Everyone should run out through the back door as quickly as possible and get into the car.,Paraphrase,6. Water had gotten into the electr

55、ical system, and it was no longer working. 7. As he watched the water hit against the steps of the house, John felt guilty for his decision.,Paraphrase,8. Please God, save us from this awful storm. 9. She sang by herself for a short while and then gradually stopped. 10. Janis had only one reaction to the storm after it was over.,