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題型七 任務型閱讀 ,河北中考五年命題規(guī)律及趨勢 年份 體裁和話題 考查方式 2016 健康環(huán)保類說明文：主要講食品的安全 71題完成句子；72－73題回答問題；74題找主題句；75題英譯漢 2015 說明文：介紹了保護郵票的幾種方法 71題完成句子；72－73題回答問題；74題找主題句；75題英譯漢 2014 說明文：手表的演變歷程 76題完成句子；77題回答問題；78題填單詞；79題找主題句；80題英譯漢。 2013 說明文：泡泡房的介紹 76題判斷正誤；77題完成句子；78題回答問題；79題找主題句；80題英譯漢 2012 說明文：電視的現(xiàn)狀及成功的原因 76題判斷正誤；77題完成句子；78－79題回答問題；80題英譯漢 【規(guī)律總結(jié)】近五年任務型閱讀均為說明文，話題涉及生活用品、社會生活和現(xiàn)代科技。 ①2012年延續(xù)2011年設(shè)題形式穩(wěn)定，76題判斷正誤，77題完成句子，78－79題回答問題，80題英譯漢； ②2013年將79題改為找主題句； ③2014年又有調(diào)整，76題完成句子，77題回答問題，78題填單詞，79－80題未變化； ④2015年再次調(diào)整，71題完成句子，72－73題回答問題，74題找主題句，75題英譯漢； ⑤2016年延續(xù)2015年設(shè)題形式穩(wěn)定下來。 【命題趨勢及預測】 體裁和話題：說明文；生活用品；現(xiàn)代科技或社會生活。 考查題型：完成句子，回答問題，找主題句，英譯漢，判斷正誤，填單詞。 ,解題方法與技巧 任務型閱讀題型多樣，設(shè)題自由開放，內(nèi)容廣泛。它不僅考查考生的閱讀理解能力，還考查考生的語言組織能力、單詞拼寫能力、英漢互譯能力以及其他語言知識，較好地呼應了新課標所倡導的“任務型語言教學”模式。所給的文章易于理解并貼近考生生活實際。旨在考查考生運用所學語言知識的能力，在對篇章整體理解的基礎(chǔ)上，考查考生根據(jù)上下文的意思和邏輯聯(lián)系進行推理、判斷的能力。本題型重點涉及到單詞填空、簡略回答、翻譯句子等知識的運用。 一、通讀全文，感知任務 答題前，認真閱讀文章，掌握文章提供的信息內(nèi)容，同時要明確文章的中心思想，為答題做好準備。 二、緊扣原文，搜尋信息 通讀全文后，再瀏覽問題，從原文中找出能回答問題的關(guān)鍵信息。 三、全面兼顧，準確作答 除了注意書寫規(guī)范以外，還要確保表達的準確性，要注意語態(tài)、時態(tài)和人稱等的變化。 四、認真檢查，驗證答案 完成任務后要把答案帶入原文，檢查所寫的答案是否符合要求，發(fā)現(xiàn)問題及時解決。 (2016河北中考)Where does your food come from？How is it made？These days，many people worry about food safety.But food safety is not a new worry.In 1906，Upton Sinclair wrote the Jungle.The book is the story of a poor family in Chicago.It is also about the dangerous ways that food was prepared.People were so worried that the US started testing food. These days，most food in the world is safe.Laws control where food comes from.They also control how food is managed and prepared.Laws are important.But__its__more__important__to__make__sure__the__rules__are__followed.A good food safety system(系統(tǒng)) keeps people safe.It also helps them eat healthy food.Labels(標簽) on food give people important information.Then they can make good choices about their food. Although food safety systems usually work，there can be problems.Sometimes mistakes are made.For example，a truck might carry eggs and then icecream.The icecream could make people sick when the truck isnt cleaned before carrying it.Other problems are not mistakes.Sometimes companies break rules to make more money.When this happens，people dont know if their food is safe. As we all know，food is closely related to our daily life.We should take actions to make food safer! 1題完成句子；2—3題簡略回答問題；4題找出并寫下第三段的主題句；5題將文中畫線句子譯成漢語。 1．People were so worried about food safety that the US started________________________________________________________________________. 2．What can people do after reading the information on food labels? ________________________________________________________________________. 3．When could icecream make people sick in the example? ________________________________________________________________________. 4．________________________________________________________________________. 5．________________________________________________________________________. 【考點】任務型閱讀；健康環(huán)保類閱讀。 【主旨大意】這篇文章主要講的是食品安全。當今很多食物都是安全的，因為有法律保護，然而，法律的監(jiān)控仍然不夠，更重要的是要讓人自覺遵循。另外，食品安全體系雖然有效，但有時錯誤也會發(fā)生。食品安全與我們息息相關(guān)，我們需采取行動讓食品更安全。 1．testing food/to test food 【解析】完成句子類①。從原文第一段“People were so worried that the US started testing food”．可知答案。 2. They/People can make good choices/a good choice(about their food)． 【解析】回答問題類②。從原文第二段結(jié)尾“Labels(標簽) on food give people important information.Then they can make good choices about their food.”可知因果關(guān)系——通過閱讀標簽，可以做出好的選擇。 3．When the truck isnt cleaned/clean(before carrying it)． 【解析】回答問題類②。從第三段“a truck might carry eggs and then ice cream.The ice cream could make people sick when the truck isnt cleaned before carrying it.”可知，一個小車能裝雞蛋也能裝冰激凌，如果裝完雞蛋，沒有清洗就裝冰激凌，可能會讓人生病。 4．Although food safety systems usually work，there can be problems. 【解析】找主題句類③。第三段第一句即為中心句，后面是講到了導致食品不安全的兩個問題。因此答案為第三段的第一個句子。 5．但是確保/保證執(zhí)行/遵守法律/法規(guī)更加重要。【解析】英譯漢類④。重點句式為it的用法，it在此處為形式主語，真正的主語為“to make sure the rules are followed”，因此翻譯時要把“……更重要”翻譯出來。“follow the rules”為“遵循法規(guī)”很重要，因此可以類似翻譯。 【點評】任務型閱讀對考生的能力要求較高，考生需先通讀全文，把握主旨大意，了解文章結(jié)構(gòu)，再瀏覽題目，準確作答。,考點：完成句子類① 方法突破：該題是要求考生根據(jù)文章來補充句子，考生只需找到該句的位置，與題干一一對照，找出其中相應位置空缺的內(nèi)容補上即可。填好所缺單詞，做完題后還要從句子結(jié)構(gòu)、語法形式和意義上進行復查，確保答案正確。 考點：回答問題類② 方法突破：回答問題類題目，在答題前，首先應該快速瀏覽所提問題，然后帶著這個問題，有的放矢地去閱讀文章，獲取與問題有關(guān)的信息。對那些在文章中找不到答案的問題，必須再通讀全文，對獲得的信息進行整理，通篇考慮全文，才能寫出答案。答完問題后要進行檢查，確保答案在語法、拼寫及標點符號等方面準確無誤。 考點：找主題句類③ 方法突破：如果題干要求找出某自然段的主題句，學生必須仔細閱讀該自然段，掌握其大意，找出能概括該自然段的主題句。如果題干要求找出文章的主題句，則需要瀏覽文章大意。通常主題句位于自然段或文章的開頭或結(jié)尾。 考點：英譯漢類④ 方法突破：解答英譯漢的題目，先略讀全文，從整體上把握整篇文章的內(nèi)容，并理解畫線部分與文章其他部分之間的語法及邏輯關(guān)系，然后找出句中的固定短語、從句或固定句型等，翻譯出合理的漢語句子。解答此類題型時要注意幾點：①要根據(jù)上下文翻譯，不要斷章取義；②翻譯時要與漢語語言習慣相聯(lián)系，不要逐詞死譯；③注意文化差異；④注意習語、諺語。 ,河北2016考點精煉 Passage 1(2016石家莊新華區(qū)模擬) 關(guān)于數(shù)字技術(shù)的調(diào)查 Teachers say the digital(數(shù)字的) age has had a good influence and a notsogood influence on this generation of American teenagers.More than 2 000 middle and high school teachers took an online survey.Researchers also spoke with teachers in key groups. Threequarters of the teachers said the Internet and digital search tools have had a “mostly positive”effect(正面影響) on their students research habits and skills.But 87% of the teachers agreed that these technologies are creating an “easily distracted(分心) generation with short attention spans”．And 64% of the teachers said the technologies“do more to distract students than to help them with their subjects”． Many__students__think__“doing__research”__now__means“__just__doing__a__quick__search__on__Google”． The Pew Internet Project did the survey with the College Board and the National Writing Project.Ms.Judy Buchanan is one of the writers of the report.She says digital research tools are helping students learn more and learn faster.“Teachers really accept these tools because they are ways to make some of learning exciting.Young people accept these tools.And the goal(目標) is to really help them become creators of content，and meaningful content，and not just users，”she adds. 1題完成句子；2—3題簡略回答問題；4題用英語表達文中畫線單詞they所指代的內(nèi)容；5題將文中畫線句子譯成漢語。 1．According to the passage over 2 000 teachers took a survey __online__． 2．What is the passage about? __It__is__about__a__survey.__ 3．How are digital tools helping students learn? __Theyre__helping__students__learn__more__and__learn__faster.__ 4．__These__tools/digital__research__tools.__ 5．__許多學生認為現(xiàn)在“做研究”只意味著到谷歌上快速檢索一下．__ Passage 2(2016邯鄲升學一模) Experiencing life is a kind of learning.And there are several things that life has taught me that I want to share with you. Take care of your body.Whether you like it or not，life is unfairly biased(有偏見的) towards people who look good.So its important that you do all to make you look best.I mean dressing nicely，exercising regularly and eating healthily.If you take care of your body，you will live longer and more happily，and you may even get better paid on your job.You__should__remember__that__your__health__is__always__your__greatest__wealth. Think in the long term.In high school I was thinking about college.In college I was thinking about life after college.Im designing my life and Im making decisions today that will enable me to live the life I hope for in the future.You have to think in the long term；you have to see the “big picture”．By planning your future properly，you will live into your plans. Besides，I have something else to share with you.Be clear about the power of focus.Nothing is more important than focus.If you fail in the lifetime，maybe its mainly because of broken focus.If you focus on the goals that are important to you，you will achieve them.What separates the winners from the losers is that the winners learn to focus on their goals.The winners just focus on achieving what is critical(關(guān)鍵的) to their goals. 1題完成句子；2—3題簡略回答問題；4題找出并寫下最后一段的主題句；5題將文中畫線句子譯成漢語。 1．According to the passage，life is unfairly biased towards people who __look__good__． 2．How will you live into your plans? __By__planning__our/my__future__properly.__ 3．What separates the winners from the losers? __The__winners__learn__to__focus__on__their__goals.__ 4．__Be__clear__about__the__power__of__focus.__ 5．__你應該記住你的健康永遠是你最大的財富。__ Passage 3(2016保定調(diào)研) Look around and youll see people busy with their smartphones.Smartphones do make our lives much easier than before.But have you ever thought about what they mean to your eyes? According to a study，half of British people own smartphones and they spend an average(平均) of two hours a day using them.There has been a 35% increase in the number of people in the UK who are shortsighted since smartphones were introduced there in 1997. Looking at smartphones for a long time gives you dry eyes.When looking at something in the distance，your eyes automatically blink(自動眨眼) a certain number of times.However，when you look at things closer to your face，the blinking slows down.This causes discomfort in your eyes.Another bad habit is using smartphones in dark rooms before going to sleep.If you look at a bright screen and your pupils(瞳孔) become larger，too much light enters your eyes.This can do harm to the eyes and cause a disease called glaucoma(青光眼)． While youre probably not going to stop using your smartphone，there are several things you can do to protect your eyes.Hold your phone at least 30 centimeters away from your eyes when using it.Take a break every hour and try the following：looking at something at least five meters from you and then try to look at your nose.Repeat this several times.It__should__make__your__eyes__more__comfortable.So please remember to use your smartphones in a proper way. 1題完成句子；2—3題簡略回答問題；4題找出并寫下全文的主題句；5題將文中畫線句子譯成漢語。 1．Our lives become __(much)easier(than__before)__ because of smartphones. 2．When were smartphones introduced to the UK? __In__1997.__ 3．What happens when our pupils become larger? __Too__much__light__enters__our__eyes.__ 4．__So__please__remember__to__use__your__smartphones__in__a__proper__way.__ 5．__這應該使你的眼睛感覺更舒服。__ Passage 4(2016唐山開平區(qū)九年級二模) This years Earth Hour falls on the 19th of March.Earth Hour is an event where you turn off all unnecessary lights and power between 8p.m9p.m.However，you dont just sit at home in the dark for an hour.Instead，people gather in groups and have fun without using power.Things like dancing，fireworks and musical performances are popular and its very fun to take part. Many celebrities also take part in Earth Hour and this year is very important as it is the tenth year of the project.Earth Hour isnt just about saving energy.People can do many other things to protect the environment. Im__a__big__fan__of__trying__to__save__the__environment.Ive taken part in Earth Hour every year for the last five years and Ive been part of lots of activities at school and at university.Last year，for example，my university had an outdoor cycle cinema.At the cycle cinema，the only way to keep watching the film is to keep riding your bike，if everyone stops，then the screen will turn off！Luckily，there were many of us to help keep the movie going and we took turns.It was very cold outside at night，but we had hot chocolate and blankets for the people who werent cycling.Everyone who was there had a lot of fun. Here in my small town in Italy，Earth Hour isnt a very big thing.In fact，few know what it is！I explain to some of my students what happen during Earth Hour and they are very keen to take part. I think that Earth Hour is a very fun way to raise awareness(意識) about the environment.We only have one planet，so it is important to keep it safe.A lot of my students feel like，as young people，they cant do that much to help protect the planet.In fact anything can help，Earth Hour proves that even doing a little thing，like turning the lights off for one hour，can make a difference.So lets all take action now. 1題完成句子；2題簡略回答問題；3題寫出文中畫線單詞it所指代的內(nèi)容；4題歸納文章的主題；5題將文中畫線句子譯成漢語。 1．People can __gather__in__groups__and__have__fun__ during the time without using power. 2．How could the writer and others make the movie continue? __They__had__to__keep__riding__their__bikes__without__stopping.__ 3．The underlined word “it” here refers to __“(one)__planet”__． 4．The passage mainly talks about __Earth__Hour/Activities__for__Earth__Hour__． 5．__我是拯救環(huán)境的狂熱愛好者。__ Passage 5(2015張家口宣化區(qū)升學一模) David and Amir first met in their chemistry class at an American university.Amir was an international student from Jordan.He was excited to get to know an American.He wanted to learn more about American culture and hoped that he and David would become good friends.At first，David seemed very friendly.He always greeted Amir warmly before class.Sometimes he offered to study with Amir.He even invited Amir to have lunch with him.But after the term was over，David seemed distant(冷漠的)．The two former classmates didnt see each other very much at school.One day Amir decided to call David.David didnt seem very interested in talking to him.Amir was hurt by Davids change of attitude(態(tài)度)．“David said we were friends，”Amir complained.“And I thought friends were friends forever，”Amir was a little confused(困惑的)． As a foreigner，he doesnt understand the way Americans view(看待) friendship.Americans use the word “friend” in a very general way.They may call both casual acquaintances(熟人) and close companions“friends”．These friendships are based on common interests.When the shared activity ends，the friendship may be gone.Now as David and Amir are no longer classmates，their friendship has changed.In some cultures friendship means a strong lifelong bond(關(guān)系) between two people.In these cultures friendships develop slowly，since they are built to last.American society is one of rapid change and American families move frequently.American friendships develop quickly，and they may change just quickly as well.People from the United States may at first seem friendly.Americans often chat easily with strangers.But American friendliness is not always an offer of true friendship.After an experience like Amirs，people whove been in this country for only a few months may consider Americans to be changeable.Learning__how__Americans__view__friendship__can__help__nonAmericans__avoid__misunderstandings.It can also help them make friends in the American way. 1題判斷正誤(T or F)；2題簡略回答問題；3題用英語表達文中畫線單詞they所指代的內(nèi)容；4題用英語簡要概括出本文的主題；5題將畫線句子譯成漢語。 ( T )1.Davids cold attitude made Amir a little confused. 2．Why do American friendships develop and change so quickly? __Because__American__society__is__one__of__rapid__change__and__the__families__move__frequently.__ 3．__American__friendships.__ 4．This passage mainly tells us __how__Americans__view__friendship__． 5．__了解美國人如何看待友誼能幫助非美國人避免誤解．__ Passage 6(2016邯鄲升學二模) When I waited in the living room，I saw my dad come up the path with a white envelope in his hand.I had waited all day for this.As soon as he set foot in the house，I reached over him to get it．He threw the envelope on the table and said that there was nothing to get excited about. I was looking forward to seeing my report for my first year in high school.I opened the report and saw that I came in first in my class.I was feeling so excited.But when I saw my dads cold face and heard his cold words，I was really hurt by how he ignored(忽視) my hard work.I didnt know why but said nothing，and just shut the door with a bang.I got a good mark and I wanted to share my happiness with someone，but I felt alone. Thinking over what had happened to us，I suddenly realized something.I was so busy studying that I had kept away from my family unconsciously(不知不覺地)．We used to watch movies and play tennis together on weekend afternoons.I wondered when that had stopped.Then I realized they had not stopped but I just no longer joined them. My family is very important to me，so I do not want to destroy that relationship.I wanted to apologize for my rude behavior，because without their support，my achievements meant nothing.As I went over to him，my dad said，“Youve__done__well，and__your__mother__and__I__are__proud__of__you．But we do not want to use your achievements to define(定義) who you are.” Although my head may be in the clouds with all my ambitions，my family keeps my feet on the ground.Whatever you do，remember family is always important. 1題用英語表達文中畫線單詞it所指代的內(nèi)容；2—3題簡略回答問題；4題從文中找出并寫下本文的主題句；5題將文中畫線句子譯成漢語。 1．__The(white)__envelope__ 2．How did the writer feel when he saw his report? __He__felt__excited.__ 3．Why had the writer kept away from his family? __Because__he__was(so)__busy__studying.__ 4．__Whatever__you__do，remember__family__is__always__important.__ 5．__你做得很好，而且，我和你媽媽因你而感到驕傲。__ Passage 7(2017原創(chuàng)預測) When I began high school，I wasnt the most confident kid.I didnt believe I could attend college.I did well at school and took part in few afterschool activities. Many teens at that age went through things during high school years，and I wasnt an exception.My teachers guided me through so many difficult things and made sure I always stayed positive(積極樂觀的)．The time came to apply(申請) to college and I didnt have an interest in it.They encouraged me to get a degree.Because they saw something in me，they encouraged me to try.But I didnt think that I was clever enough to attend a fouryear university. While I studied in DePauw University，I experienced a culture shock(沖擊)．When I came home for a break，I would go and visit my teachers.They were always ready to provide me with a space to talk about my experiences with them.They always gave me the best advice.Perhaps they didnt realize it，but by providing me with a space to tell about my experiences，they were helping me.Every word of encouragement helped me.I knew that they believed in me，and I didnt want to let them down. Without them，I couldnt graduate from DePauw University.While in high school，they offered me so much guidance on my study，but they guided me more in my personal life.Their__advice__has__played__an__important__part__in__shaping__who__I__am__today.They believed in me so much that I started to believe in myself.It is because of teachers like them that students gain confidence. 1題完成句子；2—3題簡略回答問題；4題歸納文章的主題；5題將文中畫線句子譯成漢語。 1．While studying in DePauw University，the writer returned to high school to share his feelings with __his__teachers__． 2．Why didnt the writer want to apply to college? __Because__he__thought__he__wasnt__clever__enough.__ 3．What did the writer mean by saying that he wasnt an exception? __He__also__went__through__things__during__high__school__years.__ 4．The passage mainly tells us __the__writers__high__school__helped__him__to__gain__confidence__． 5．他們的建議對于塑造今天的我起了非常重要的作用。__ Passage 8 Have you ever taken photos by using mobile phones with selfie sticks(自拍桿)？For better or worse，they have taken the world by storm. However，a pair of US artists from New Mexico，Arie Snee and Justin Crowe believe they have invented a better one and they call it “selfie arm”．The new invention is a small，useful and cleverly designed tool.It makes those people in the pictures seem to be holding hands with a loved one. The pair say it offers a far better experience than using a straight stick.The selfie arm makes people feel they are not alone when they take photos.It seems that they are together with their friends.They think their invention solves the main problem of the selfie stick—people look alone while they are taking pictures of themselves with great interests.The product，at present，just an art project and a model，conveniently provides you a welcoming arm.And better yet in the future，itll talk in a friendly way and never get angry or upset.The pair say they are fascinated by these new ideas. The “selfie arm” is made of fiberglass.It__is__lightweight__and__easy__to__take. The project that they work on shows the growing selfie phenomenon(現(xiàn)象) directly and the increasing need for narcissism(自戀)． 1題完成句子；2—3題簡略回答問題；4題找出文章第三段的主題句；5題將文中畫線句子譯成漢語。 1．People use mobile phones with selfie sticks __to__take__photos__． 2．What is the selfie arm like? __It__is__a__small，useful__and__cleverly__designed__tool.__ 3．How do people feel when they take photos of themselves with selfie arms? __They__feel__they__are__holding__hands__with__a__loved__one./They__fee