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課時17 書面表達（五）-求助信 Ⅰ.閱讀理解 A Ever feel like youve been hit on the head after a bad nights sleep？ According to scientists， the thought isnt as unbelievable as it seems. A study found going without sleep for just one night causes changes in the brain similar to those that occur after a blow to the head. The researchers said the healthy young men examined in the study showed a sudden increase in the same chemicals which indicate brain damage. Professor Christian Benedict， of Uppsala University， Sweden， explained that the chemicals NSE and S100B are biomarkers (生物指標) for brain damage， such as concussion(腦震蕩). He said， “What we found was their levels in the blood rose in the group that went without sleep for a night. This was not to the extent that would happen after a head injury， for instance， but it was still significant. During sleep， the brain cleans poisonous substances off itself.” Benedict also said previous studies which linked a lack of sleep with increased risk of Alzheimers， Parkinsons and multiple sclerosis could applaud his study. The rise of the chemicals in the blood after sleep loss may suggest not getting enough sleep contributes to a loss of brain tissue， he explained. Benedict， whose study is published in the journal Sleep， added， “In conclusion， the findings of our experiment indicate a good nights sleep may be critical to maintaining brain health.” A third of the UK population suffer from sleeprelated problems， while the average person now sleeps for only seven hours a night， compared with almost nine a few decades ago. Many scientists believe irregular sleeping patterns lead to illnesses ranging from aches and pains to heart disease， while less than eight hours sleep a night can lower the IQ the next day. [語篇解讀]　本文是一篇科普類說明文?？茖W家們發(fā)現(xiàn)，睡眠不足對大腦造成的損傷接近頭部重擊。不足八小時的睡眠甚至會降低第二天的智商。 1.If you dont sleep for a night， what will happen？ A.NSE and S100B will increase. B.The brain damage will be like a head injury. C.You will suffer from concussion. D.The brain will get rid of poisonous substances. 解析：考查細節(jié)理解。文章第二段的“What we found was their levels in the blood rose in the group that went without sleep for a night”中的their指的就是前面提到的“the chemicals NSE and S100B”，由此可知，一晚上不睡覺的話，血液中的化學物質(zhì)NSE和S100B就會增加。 答案：A 2.What do we know about previous studies？ A.They found reasons for brain disorders. B.Their findings were published in Sleep. C.They were supported by Benedicts study. D.They focused on brain health. 解析：考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的“Benedict also said previous studies which linked a lack of sleep with increased risk of Alzheimers， Parkinsons and multiple sclerosis could applaud his study”可知，Benedict說先前的研究會贊成他的研究，接著Benedict解釋了為什么先前的研究會贊成他的研究，即“The rise of the chemicals in the blood after sleep loss may suggest not getting enough sleep contributes to a loss of brain tissue”。綜上可推知，Benedict的研究支持了先前的研究。 答案：C 3.What can we infer from the last paragraph？ A.UK people have the worst sleep. B.Mans intelligence is affected by sleep in a way. C.People were smarter in the past. D.A lack of sleep causes all brainrelated problems. 解析：考查推理判斷。根據(jù)文章最后一段中的“l(fā)ess than eight hours sleep a night can lower the IQ the next day”可知，睡眠少于八小時的人第二天智商會降低，這暗示人的智力在某種程度上受睡眠的影響。故B項正確。 答案：B 4.Whats the main idea of the passage？ A.Eight hours sleep is important. B.Regular sleeping patterns improve health. C.Sleep loss is close to a blow to the head. D.Human brains work during sleep. 解析：考查主旨要義。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，尤其是第一段及第二段的首句可知，本文主要圍繞“睡眠不足對大腦造成的損傷接近于頭部遭重擊”這一主題展開。故C項最能概括文章的大意，而其他選項都比較片面。 答案：C B It seems that the great desire among the young is to be popular. The desire to be popular can force you into looking and acting like everyone else. You can lose yourself in a sea of identical hairstyles and thinking styles. I was forced to think about popularity not too long ago in a talk I had with my daughter. Margy had to change schools when my busy work schedule made it necessary for me to move houses. I suppose that， for a girl in her teens， entering a new school is like spending a season alone in the tropical jungles. At least thats how Margy found it at first. However， as the school year drew to a close， one student after another came to her. I told Margy that I would have been more concerned if she had been an instant social success in her new school. Nobody can please everyone. If you try to do so， you will find values as lasting as soap bubbles blown into the air. Some teenagers claim they want to dress as they please. But they all wear the same clothes. They set off in new directions in music. But somehow they all end up listening to the same record. Their reason for thinking or acting in a certain way is that the crowd is doing it. They have come out of their cocoon into a larger cocoon. I know that it has become harder for a young person to stand up against the popularity wave. Our way of life makes a young nonconformist stand out like a Martian. These days theres a great barrier for the young person who wants to find his or her own path. But the barrier is worth climbing over. You may want to listen to classical music instead of going to a party. Well， go to it. Be yourself. Popularity will come with the people who respect you for who you are. Thats the only kind of popularity that really counts. [語篇解讀]　本文作者從自己女兒換了新學校后迅速受到新同學歡迎的事實談起，批判了那些為迎合他人而放棄自我的行為方式，并就“受歡迎”表達了自己的觀點：做真實的自己，別人也會尊重你的本真。 5.Why was the author worried about his daughters popularity in her new school？ A.She might find no true friends. B.She would ignore her academic performance. C.She had no idea of her own. D.She might betray her true self. 解析：考查推理判斷。第一段提到為了受歡迎而一味迎合別人的人“can lose yourself in a sea of identical hairstyles and thinking styles”，再由第二段中的“Nobody can please everyone. If you try to do so，you will find values as lasting as soap bubbles blown into the air”可知，作者認為如果他的女兒在新學校已取得人際交往上的即刻成功的話，那么對作者來說，女兒肯定是違背了真實的自我以取悅他人，使自己變得受歡迎。因此，答案選D。 答案：D 6.What does the author think of most teenagers？ A.Theyre afraid of getting lost in life. B.They have difficulty understanding each other. C.They lack the courage to be truly different. D.They find it hard to gain popularity as expected. 解析：考查推理判斷。由第三段的內(nèi)容可知，一些青少年想要隨心所欲地穿衣搭配，但卻和大多數(shù)人穿得一樣；一些人在音樂方面想走不同的路，但最終卻還是和大多數(shù)人聽一樣的歌；他們用某種方式思考或做事是因為大家都那樣做。由此推斷，作者認為大多數(shù)青少年缺少真正變得與眾不同的勇氣。因此，答案選C。 答案：C 7.What is the probable meaning of the underlined word “nonconformist” in Paragraph 4？ A.Someone who cares about others opinion. B.Someone who desires popularity greatly. C.Someone who behaves in his own way. D.Someone who wants to please others. 解析：考查詞義猜測。由第四段中的“I know that it has become harder for a young person to stand up against the popularity wave”可知，此處指想要變得與眾不同，走自己的路變得更難了。由此可推知畫線詞“nonconformist”指的應是“不遵循常規(guī)的人”。因此，答案選C。 答案：C 8.What is the authors purpose of writing this passage？ A.To persuade readers to pursue valuable popularity. B.To tell parents how to guide their children. C.To criticize the present values and beliefs. D.To suggest a good way to be popular. 解析：考查寫作目的。由全文內(nèi)容可知，作者從自己女兒換了新學校后迅速受到新同學歡迎的事實談起，批判了那些為迎合他人而放棄自我的行為方式，并就“受歡迎”表達了自己的觀點：做真實的自己，別人也會尊重你的本真。因此，作者的寫作目的在于勸誡讀者追求有價值的“受歡迎”，而不要去一味地迎合他人。因此答案選A。 答案：A Ⅱ.完形填空 The little boy stood outside the entrance to the mall， in the __1__ wind， collecting donations for cancer research. Nose red， hat deep over his ears， he __2__ one hand in his pocket and held a list with his other hand. I __3__ he had no gloves. I checked my purse， but had no coins. It is a __4__ of mine to always give money to cancer research—I have __5__ dear friends and family members to the disease， and want to do my little part to help find a __6__. “Ill bring you some money when I come back from the mall，” I __7__ the young boy. “Thank you！” he smiled and __8__ into a big tissue. I did my shopping and __9__ buying a cup of hot chocolate for the little boy， but I could not. Hadnt I always __10__ children not to take anything from strangers？ But now I had coins __11__ to give to him. Finally I went into a clothing store and bought a pair of blue __12__ for him. As I stepped __13__， the little boy stood right where he had been. “OK， now give me your __14__，” I said to the boy and he handed it over with a pen. I looked at the empty lines. A few __15__ were there and I could see others had given a few coins too. “Do you need to get all these lines __16__？” “Yes，” he started. “Oh no. I dont have to， but I want to.” “Will the organization give you something to __17__ you for doing this？” I asked， __18__ to hear he got some nice toys or __19__ a certificate. “Oh yes！” the boy said and his eyes lit up with __20__， “I get a new， empty list！” He was smiling broadly， “But I feel good doing this.” [語篇解讀]　這是一篇記敘文，講述了發(fā)生在作者與一位在寒風中為癌癥研究事業(yè)募捐的小男孩之間的故事。 1.A.fair　　　　　　　　　　 B.bitter C.light D.soft 解析：根據(jù)下文的“Nose red” “had no gloves”可知，小男孩站在刺骨的寒風中。bitter表示“嚴寒的”。 答案：B 2.A.clapped B.pressed C.warmed D.shook 解析：把手放在口袋中是為了取暖，warm作及物動詞表示“(使)溫暖”。故選C項。 答案：C 3.A.doubted B.admitted C.predicted D.noticed 解析：這是作者在購物中心門口看到的一幕，因此選D。notice表示“注意(到)”。 答案：D 4.A.principle B.request C.suggestion D.virtue 解析：根據(jù)下文的“want to do my little part to help find”可知，經(jīng)常為癌癥研究捐錢是作者的原則。 答案：A 5.A.contributed B.lost C.supported D.introduced 解析：從本句中的“to the disease”及文中提到的cancer可知，這里指作者有朋友和家人死于癌癥。故選B項。 答案：B 6.A.control B.method C.cure D.cause 解析：作者捐錢的目的是想幫助找到治療癌癥的方法，因此用cure“療法”。 答案：C 7.A.promised B.comforted C.reminded D.advised 解析：由上文作者跟小男孩說的話可知，這是作者對小男孩的許諾。故選A項。 答案：A 8.A.shouted B.pointed C.nodded D.sneezed 解析：根據(jù)上文中提到的天氣寒冷和本句中的“a big tissue”可知，小男孩此時在打噴嚏，故選D項。 答案：D 9.A.gave up B.thought about C.put off D.set about 解析：作者想(thought about)給小男孩買一杯熱巧克力飲料。 答案：B 10.A.warned B.forced C.commanded D.begged 解析：根據(jù)本句中的“not to take anything from strangers”可知，作者經(jīng)常警告(warned)自己的孩子不要接受陌生人的東西。 答案：A 11.A.in advance B.at first C.at least D.in turn 解析：但是現(xiàn)在作者至少有零錢給他了。at least表示“至少”。 答案：C 12.A.pants B.gloves C.shoes D.boots 解析：文章第一段中說作者注意到小男孩沒有戴手套，因此作者給小男孩買了一雙手套(gloves)。 答案：B 13.A.inside B.behind C.forward D.outside 解析：由上文可知，小男孩站在購物中心的外面，因此這里表示作者走出(outside)購物中心看到小男孩依然站在那兒。 答案：D 14.A.list B.card C.note D.tissue 解析：根據(jù)第一段的“held a list with his other hand”可知，作者向小男孩要了名單(list)，想簽上自己的名字。 答案：A 15.A.marks B.paintings C.signatures D.colors 解析：根據(jù)下文的“others had given a few coins too”可知，作者看到名單上有幾個人的簽名(signatures)。 答案：C 16.A.taken B.filled C.adopted D.divided 解析：根據(jù)下文的“I want to”可知，作者在詢問小男孩是否需要讓人們把這個名單填滿(filled)。 答案：B 17.A.admire B.prepare C.charge D.reward 解析：根據(jù)下文的“got some nice toys”可知，作者問小男孩：“這個組織會因為你做這件事獎勵(reward)你什么東西嗎？” 答案：D 18.A.hoping B.trying C.deciding D.offering 解析：作者在詢問小男孩，自然是希望(hoping)聽到他的答復。 答案：A 19.A.exactly B.actually C.perhaps D.definitely 解析：根據(jù)本句中的or可知，作者希望聽到小男孩說得到一些漂亮的玩具或者可能(perhaps)是一個證書。 答案：C 20.A.embarrassment B.surprise C.disappointment D.delight 解析：根據(jù)下文的“He was smiling broadly”可知，小男孩回答時是很高興的。故選D項。 答案：D