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課時13 書面表達(dá)（一）-感謝信 Ⅰ.閱讀理解 A We may not be aware of it， but ordinary family homes in the U.S. and the rest of the world are not energyefficient. Most of their energy goes to heating and cooling， and a lot of it is wasted， as warm air and cool air escape through fireplace chimneys and thin or poorly fitting windows and doors. A passive house loses almost none. “Imagine a thermos(保溫瓶)，” said housing developer Brendan ONeill. “You have insulation (隔絕) everywhere， and its basically completely sealed. And so the idea is to build a house like a thermos. So the windows are sealed. Theres insulation completely surrounding the building. We make it as sealed as possible.” A 147squaremeter passive house， presented by ONeill Development Corp. as a demonstration unit just outside Washington， was brought to the site in two boxes. “Once its set and put together， it takes about four weeks to complete the outside construction， to put down carpets，” ONeill said. “If everything is set in place， you put a house like this together in about four months.” The total cost of building it was $325，000， or about 17 percent more than constructing an ordinary house. But its utility (公用事業(yè)) bill is only around $20 monthly， or onetenth the amount for the average house of the same size. While passive houses have been around for a long time， the idea has never taken root in the U.S. There was no driving force to push it. However， David Peabody， an architect who designs passive houses said， “I think climate change is now becoming a larger issue. And I think building standards are catching on to that. So people are becoming more aware of energy.” Peabody said the cost of building passive houses could come down. “What really makes sense for truly affordable housing，” he said， “is to build multistorey buildings.” [語篇解讀]　本文是說明文。普通的家庭住房因隔熱效果不佳而浪費了很多能源，因此，被動式節(jié)能屋應(yīng)運而生。 1.Why arent ordinary family homes energyefficient？ A.Building them wastes much energy. B.Their energy mainly goes to heating and cooling. C.Their sealing performance is poor. D.They have no insulation around at all. 解析：考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的“a lot of it is wasted， as warm air and cool air escape through fireplace chimneys and thin or poorly fitting windows and doors”可知，普通住房的能源浪費較多，接著下面以保溫瓶為例說明被動式節(jié)能屋的密封性好，由此可推知，普通房屋的密封性不好。 答案：C 2.What is the feature of a passive house？ A.Therere no windows or chimneys. B.Theres little space to place furniture. C.Its building cost is relatively high. D.It takes about four weeks to build one. 解析：考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“The total cost of building it was $325，000，or about 17 percent more than constructing an ordinary house”可知，被動式節(jié)能屋的建筑成本比普通房屋高大約17%，故C項正確。 答案：C 3.How are passive houses in the U.S. now？ A.They enjoy little popularity. B.Multistorey ones are common. C.Building passive houses is impractical. D.Their advantages are still unclear. 解析：考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第四段的內(nèi)容可知，盡管被動式節(jié)能屋已經(jīng)誕生了很長時間了，但是這個概念還未在美國根深蒂固，沒有推廣這種房屋的動力。言外之意就是被動式節(jié)能屋現(xiàn)在并未在美國盛行。故答案選A。 答案：A 4.Whats David Peabodys attitude to the future of the passive house？ A.Cautious.　　　　　　　　 B.Optimistic. C.Skeptical. D.Concerned. 解析：考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段段首的轉(zhuǎn)折詞“However”和后面的內(nèi)容“I think climate change is now becoming a larger issue.And I think building standards are catching on to that.So people are becoming more aware of energy”“the cost of building passive houses could come down”可知，David Peabody認(rèn)為氣候變化現(xiàn)在是一個大事件，建筑標(biāo)準(zhǔn)在緊跟這一點，因此人們的節(jié)能意識在增強，此外，被動式節(jié)能屋的(建筑)成本可能會降低，這些都會促使被動式節(jié)能屋的盛行，故他對被動式節(jié)能屋的前景是樂觀的。 答案：B B My divorce was now final and I needed to find a new home for me and my sixyearold son， Dash. A few days earlier Id seen an ad. I was willing to try anything， so I contacted the owner， a woman named Camille. When she emailed me back I discovered she wasnt renting a house at all. She was renting the attic (閣樓) apartment. I left her a message calling off our meeting. But Camille called me back and insisted I come over. So here I was. I pulled the car to a stop and looked up at the tiny cottage. The house was small as it was. The attics window looked too tiny to let much light in. We couldnt live in a dark， depressing place. I could make do with almost anything. But Dash needs a good home， a place he really feels safe. No sense in wasting her time or mine. I knocked. The woman who opened the door was small and brighteyed. She was much older than Id guessed， but I could see she had the energy of someone half her age. She looked so sympathetic that I found myself wanting to keep talking to her. “We have to leave our home，” I explained. “My marriage ended. I only have a few days to find something else， but I want it to be right.” Camille nodded. “Youre a good mother. You never know the miracles that await you around the corner.” Camille walked me to the door and wished me well. I got back in the car and snapped_out_of_it. I drove off slowly， hoping to make the feeling last. I turned down a side street I didnt recognize. I glanced out of the side window. Just up ahead was a cottage with a sign out in front： for rent. I pulled over. I found the owners had just bought the house themselves and were decorating it， hoping to find the perfect renters. They took me on a tour of the house that was like a copy of my list： a big bedroom for Dash， a backyard with trees， and a great school nearby. The house was meant for us！ Camille was right. Miracles await us， just around the corner. [語篇解讀]　本文是記敘文，講述的是作者離婚后，獨自帶著兒子尋找出租房屋的經(jīng)歷。 5.How did the author feel after receiving Camilles email？ A.Disappointed. B.Excited. C.Anxious. D.Content. 解析：考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的“When she emailed me back I discovered she wasnt renting a house at all... I left her a message calling off our meeting”可推知，收到Camille的郵件之后，作者發(fā)現(xiàn)她出租的房子并不是自己想要的那種，因此給Camille留言取消見面，由此可推知作者應(yīng)是感到失望的。 答案：A 6.Why must the author find a good place？ A.To begin a new life. B.To give Dash a good education. C.For her sons sake. D.For her and her sons safety. 解析：考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的“We couldnt live in a dark， depressing place. I could make do with almost anything. But Dash needs a good home，a place he really feels safe”可知，作者覺得她和兒子Dash不能住在黑暗又壓抑的地方，她自己可以忍受得了一切，但是Dash需要一個溫暖的家，一個他真正感覺安全的地方，第四段也提到“Youre a good mother”，由此可知，作者心心念念要找一個好地方完全是為了兒子Dash。 答案：C 7.What does the underlined part “snapped out of it” probably mean？ A.Say something in an impatient voice. B.Stop feeling unhappy or depressed. C.Make a sharp noise suddenly. D.Lose control of ones feelings. 解析：考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)第四段的內(nèi)容，尤其是“You never know the miracles that await you around the corner... I drove off slowly， hoping to make the feeling last”可知，在Camille的鼓勵下，作者重新燃起對生活的希望，擺脫了郁悶的心境，她駕車慢慢離開，希望這種愉悅的感覺持續(xù)下去。故畫線部分應(yīng)是“拋掉不愉快的情緒，擺脫郁悶的心境”之意。 答案：B 8.What message does the passage mainly convey？ A.Never lose hope. B.No pains， no gains. C.Every little bit helps. D.Well begun is half done. 解析：考查推理判斷。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，尤其是第四段中的“You never know the miracles that await you around the corner”及最后一段中的“Miracles await us，just around the corner”可知答案為A。 答案：A Ⅱ.閱讀填句 Building a healthy family relationship is essential for families of all types. Without a healthy family relationship， it can feel like someone has no one to turn to in times of crisis. Yet family members are there for you whenever you need them. __1__ Eat dinner as a family every night. __2__ Parents. com states that eating together teaches children proper etiquette (禮節(jié)) and also encourages them to eat healthier foods. Even if you dont have children， eating together allows you to relax from the busy pace of work and discuss the day. __3__ If your husband asks for some time alone， give it to him. Dont check your teenagers things when they arent around. Everyone needs some time alone， and respecting privacy is one of the things that build solid relationships. Spend recreational time together. You can play board games together every Friday night， join a family sporting league or read a book together. It can be challenging to make time for families， creating regular family rituals， such as fun events. __4__ Spending regular time together is what makes a family a tight unit. __5__ To maintain a healthy family relationship， each member must be able to communicate freely with one another， as well as listen effectively. Listening allows you to learn more about your family members thoughts and personalities and communicating allows you to express yourself to relieve frustrations and other emotions. A.Respect each others personal space. B.Never try to interrupt a family member. C.Allow everyone to openly communicate feelings. D.This effective type of communication prevents arguments. E.But it can help you reconnect each week and know each other better. F.Eating together as a family is a healthy habit that helps bring all together. G.Healthy family relationships dont come automatically—they come with time and effort. [語篇解讀]　本文為說明文，介紹了四種建立健康的家庭關(guān)系的方法。 1.解析：根據(jù)下文內(nèi)容可知，此處應(yīng)選一個能夠起承上啟下的作用的句子，故G項符合語境。 答案：G 2.解析：選項F中的“Eating together as a family”與本段的主題句“Eat dinner as a family every night”和空后的“eating together”相呼應(yīng)，故選F。 答案：F 3.解析：根據(jù)下文中的“some time alone”“respecting privacy”可知A項“Respect each others personal space”最能概括本段的主要內(nèi)容。 答案：A 4.解析：由空前的“It can be challenging to make time for families， creating regular family rituals，such as fun events”可知E項符合語境。 答案：E 5.解析：由下文中的“...each member must be able to communicate freely with one another”可知，本段的中心思想是讓家人自由地交流。 答案：C Ⅲ.語法填空 Among the few scientists who have had a great effect on science and history， Albert Einstein is perhaps the 1.________ (great). An American university president once commented that Einstein had created 2.________ new view of the universe. His theory has completely changed the way scientists understand time and space. Now， more and more people agree that the universe is something more complicated than 3.________ they have ever thought before. Einstein 4.________ (bear) in Germany in 1879. In 1914， young Einstein， already internationally famous， became a professor at an institute in Berlin. He had few duties， little teaching and unlimited opportunities for study. However，5.________ peaceful life was soon broken by the First World War. Einstein hated violence. He was deeply affected by the war； he sat 6.________ (happily) in his office doing nothing and 7.________ (lose) interest in his research. Only when peace came in 1918 was he able to get back to work. In the years 8.________ (follow) the First World War， people showered honor upon him. He became the head of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute of Theoretical Physics. In 1921 he won the Noble Prize 9.________ Physics and was greatly honored and respected in Germany. However， his life was again disrupted. The Second World War broke out and Einstein had to move to the US，10.________ he lived until his death in 1955. 答案：1.greatest　2.a　3.what　4.was born　5.his　6.unhappily　7.lost　8.following　9.for　10.where