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專(zhuān)題一 閱讀理解 第1課時(shí) 撥云見(jiàn)日-巧解事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)類(lèi)題目 題組一　體驗(yàn)真題 Passage 1 體裁：記敘文　話(huà)題：颶風(fēng)之后　詞數(shù)：358　時(shí)間：7′ (2016北京卷，B) Surviving Hurricane Sandy(颶風(fēng)桑迪) Natalie Doan，14，has always felt lucky to live in Rockaway，New York.Living just a few blocks from the beach，Natalie can see the ocean and hear the waves from her house.“It’s the ocean that makes Rockaway so special，” she says. On October 29，2012，that ocean turned fierce.That night，Hurricane Sandy attacked the East Coast，and Rockaway was hit especially hard.Fortunately，Natalie’s family escaped to Brooklyn shortly before the city’s bridges closed. When they returned to Rockaway the next day，they found their neighborhood in ruins.Many of Natalie’s friends had lost their homes and were living far away.All around her，people were suffering，especially the elderly.Natalie’s school was so damaged that she had to temporarily attend a school in Brooklyn. In the following few days，the men and women helping Rockaway recover inspired Natalie.Volunteers came with carloads of donated clothing and toys.Neighbors devoted their spare time to helping others rebuild.Teenagers climbed dozens of flights of stairs to deliver water and food to elderly people trapped in powerless high－rise buildings. “My mom tells me that I can’t control what happens to me，” Natalie says，“but I can always choose how I deal with it.” Natalie’s choice was to help. She created a website page，matching survivors in need with donors who wanted to help.Natalie posted information about a boy named Patrick，who lost his baseball card collection when his house burned down.Within days，Patrick’s collection was replaced. In the coming months，her website page helped lots of kids: Christopher，who received a new basketball; Charlie，who got a new keyboard.Natalie also worked with other organizations to bring much－needed supplies to Rockaway.Her efforts made her a famous person.Last April，she was invited to the White House and honored as a Hurricane Sandy Champion of Change. Today，the scars(創(chuàng)痕)of destruction are still seen in Rockaway，but hope is in the air.The streets are clear，and many homes have been rebuilt.“I can’t imagine living anywhere but Rockaway，” Natalie declares.“My neighborhood will be back，even stronger than before.” 【語(yǔ)篇解讀】　本文是一篇記敘文。講述了颶風(fēng)桑迪襲擊Rockaway之后，志愿者立即行動(dòng)起來(lái)，幫助救災(zāi)。在他們的影響下Natalie Doan創(chuàng)辦了一個(gè)網(wǎng)站，幫助幸存者與志愿者建立聯(lián)系，從而在救災(zāi)中發(fā)揮了重要作用。 1．When Natalie returned to Rockaway after the hurricane，she found ________． A．some friends had lost their lives B．her neighborhood was destroyed C．her school had moved to Brooklyn D．the elderly were free from suffering 答案　B　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的第一句話(huà)When they returned to Rockaway the next day，they found their neighborhood in ruins.可知颶風(fēng)過(guò)后，當(dāng)Natalie回到Rockaway 時(shí)，她發(fā)現(xiàn)她的街區(qū)被毀了。in ruins相當(dāng)于B選項(xiàng)中的was destroyed，故選B項(xiàng)。] 2．According to Paragraph 4，who inspired Natalie most? A．The people helping Rockaway rebuild. B．The people trapped in high－rise buildings. C．The volunteers donating money to survivors. D．Local teenagers bringing clothing to elderly people. 答案　A　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段的第一句話(huà)In the following few days，the men and women helping Rockaway recover inspired Natalie.可知激勵(lì)Natalie的是幫助Rockaway鎮(zhèn)重建的人們。A項(xiàng)和原文同義，故選A。] 3．How did Natalie help the survivors? A．She gave her toys to other kids. B．She took care of younger children. C．She called on the White House to help. D．She built an information sharing platform. 答案　D　[推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段的第一句話(huà)She created a website page，matching survivors in need with donors who wanted to help.以及倒數(shù)第二段的第一句話(huà)In the coming months her website page helped lots of kids.可知Natalie通過(guò)創(chuàng)建一個(gè)網(wǎng)頁(yè)為需要幫助的人提供援助。由此可以推出她建立一個(gè)信息分享平臺(tái)。故選D項(xiàng)。] 4．What does the story intend to tell us? A．Little people can make a big difference. B．A friend in need is a friend indeed. C．East or west，home is best. D．Technology is power. 答案　A　[主旨大意題。本文主要講了Rockaway被颶風(fēng)桑迪襲擊后，包括主人公Natalie在內(nèi)的許多人，例如：志愿者、鄰居等普通人通過(guò)各種途徑幫助Rockaway重建的故事。體現(xiàn)了Little people can make a big difference的主題。故選A。] Passage 2 體裁：應(yīng)用文　話(huà)題：語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)　詞數(shù)：289　時(shí)間：6′ (2015安徽卷，A)Welcome to the Electronic Village to explore new ways of language teaching and learning. Electronic Village Program (Thursday，June 18，2015) Nearpod 9：00 am. to 10：00 am. Room 501 Nearpod is a software program that creates a rich context (語(yǔ)境) for students to learn vocabulary.The presenter will show how to use it. TEO 2：00 pm. to 3：00 pm. Room 502 Our students come from different backgrounds but have the same desire to learn on－line.The presenter will use examples from his first on－line class to explain how any teacher can begin teaching on－line with TEO. Kahoot 10：30 am. to 11：30 am. Room 601 Kahoot software can be used to create grammar tests which can be graded on a network.It can provide students with instant feedback (反饋)，including reports about their strengths and weaknesses. Prezi 3：30 pm. to 4：20 pm. Room 602 Uses of Prezi in listening and speaking courses draw students’ attention to speaking more fluently.The presenter will show how students can use Prezi to confidently present on a variety of topics，including introducing family，friends，and hobbies. 【語(yǔ)篇解讀】　該篇文章是一篇廣告。主要介紹了探索語(yǔ)言教學(xué)和學(xué)習(xí)的新方法。電子村提供了四種形式：Nearpod、Kahoot、TEO、Prezi供大家選擇。 5．Nearpod can be used to________． A．offer grammar tests B．teach listening on－line C．help vocabulary learning D．gain fluency in speaking 答案　C　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由learn vocabulary可知。] 6．If you want to improve your speaking skills，you can go to________． A．Room 501 B．Room 502 C．Room 601 D．Room 602 答案　D　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由draw students’ attention to speaking more fluently可知。] 7．Which of the following can assess your grammar learning? A．Nearpod. B．Kahoot. C．TEO. D．Prezi. 答案　B　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由grammar tests可知。] 8．A teacher who wants to learn on－line teaching is expected to arrive by________． A．9：00 am. B．10：30 am. C．2：00 pm. D．3：30 pm. 答案　C　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由begin teaching on－line with TEO可知，TEO的嘉賓將使用例子來(lái)解釋如何進(jìn)行網(wǎng)絡(luò)教學(xué)，時(shí)間是下午兩點(diǎn)到三點(diǎn)。] Passage 3 體裁：科普文　話(huà)題：太空探索　詞數(shù)：390　時(shí)間：7′ (2015湖北卷，D)The oddness of life in space never quite goes away.Here are some examples. First consider something as simple as sleep.Its position presents its own challenges.The main question is whether you want your arms inside or outside the sleeping bag.If you leave your arm out，they float free in zero gravity，often giving a sleeping astronaut the look of a funny ballet(芭蕾) dancer.“I’m an inside guy，” Mike Hopkins says，who returned from a six－month tour on the International Space Station.“I like to be wrapped up.” On the station，the ordinary becomes strange.The exercise bike for the American astronauts has no handlebars.It also has no seat.With no gravity，it’s just as easy to pedal violently.You can watch a movie while you pedal by floating a microcomputer anywhere you want.But station residents have to be careful about staying in one place too long.Without gravity to help circulate air，the carbon dioxide you exhale(呼氣) has a tendency to form an invisible(隱形的) cloud around your head.You can end up with what astronauts call a carbon－dioxide headache. Leroy Chiao，54，an American retired astronaut after four flights，describes what happens even before you float out of your seat.“Your inner ear thinks you’re falling.Meanwhile your eyes are telling you you’re standing straight.That can be annoying—that’s why some people feel sick.” Within a couple of days—truly terrible days for some—astronauts’ brains learn to ignore the panicky signals from the inner ear，and space sickness disappears. Space travel can be so delightful but at the same time invisibly dangerous.For instance，astronauts lose bone mass.That’s why exercise is considered so vital that National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) puts it right on the workday schedule.The focus on fitness is as much about science and the future as it is about keeping any individual astronaut healthy.NASA is worried about two things：recovery time once astronauts return home，and，more importantly，how to maintain strength and fitness for the two and a half years or more that it would take to make a round－trip to Mars. 【語(yǔ)篇解讀】　在太空中生活常常有奇奇怪怪的事情。睡姿、自行車(chē)無(wú)座無(wú)把、二氧化碳頭疼等。 9．What is the major challenge to astronauts when they sleep in space? A．Deciding on a proper sleep position. B．Choosing a comfortable sleeping bag. C．Seeking a way to fall asleep quickly. D．Finding a right time to go to sleep. 答案　A　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段第二句可知，在睡覺(jué)時(shí)到底把手放在睡袋里還是睡袋外，即確定睡姿，選A。] 10．The astronauts will suffer from a carbon－dioxide headache when ________． A．they circle around on their bikes B．they use microcomputers without a stop C．they exercise in one place for a long time D．they watch a movie while pedaling 答案　C　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。第三段第五句staying in one place too long可知，如果在同一個(gè)地方待太長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，呼出二氧化碳，趨向在頭上形成隱形的云，從而引起二氧化碳性頭疼?？芍xC。] 11．Some astronauts feel sick on the station during the first few days because ________． A．their senses stop working B．they have to stand up straight C．they float out of their seats unexpectedly D．their brains receive contradictory messages 答案　D　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第四段可知，內(nèi)耳認(rèn)為你要倒下，而眼睛告訴你在直立。即：大腦接收到了恰恰相反的信息。選D。] 12．One of NASA’s major concerns about astronauts is ______． A．how much exercise they do on the station B．how they can remain healthy for long in space C．whether they can recover after returning home D．whether they are able to go back to the station 答案　B　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第五段提示詞more importantly可知，人們主要關(guān)心的是在飛往火星來(lái)回兩年半或更多時(shí)間如何保存體力和保持健康。因此選B。] Passage 4 體裁：說(shuō)明文　話(huà)題：文化傳承　詞數(shù)：320　時(shí)間：6′ (2014全國(guó)卷Ⅰ，D)As more and more people speak the global languages of English，Chinese，Spanish，and Arabic，other languages are rapidly disappearing.In fact，half of the 6，000～7，000 languages spoken around the world today will likely die out by the next century，according to the United Nations Educational，Scientific，and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)． In an effort to prevent language loss，scholars from a number of organizations—UNESCO and National Geographic among them—have for many years been documenting dying languages and the cultures they reflect. Mark Turin，a scientist at the Macmillan Center，Yale University，who specializes in the languages and oral traditions of the Himalayas，is following in that__tradition．His recently published book，A Grammar of Thangmi with an Ethnolinguistic Introduction to the Speakers and Their Culture，grows out of his experience living，working and raising a family in a village in Nepal. Documenting the Thangmi language and culture is just a starting point for Turin，who seeks to include other languages and oral traditions across the Himalayan reaches of India，Nepal，Bhutan，and China.But he is not content to simply record these voices before they disappear without record. At the University of Cambridge Turin discovered a wealth of important materials—including photographs，films，tape recordings，and field notes—which had remained unstudied and were badly in need of care and protection. Now，through the two organizations that he has founded—the Digital Himalaya Project and the World Oral Literature Project—Turin has started a campaign to make such documents，found in libraries and stores around the world，available not just to scholars but to the younger generations of communities from whom the materials were originally collected.Thanks to digital technology and the widely available Internet，Turin notes，the endangered languages can be saved and reconnected with speech communities. 【語(yǔ)篇解讀】　本文敘述了學(xué)者們正在努力記錄瀕臨消失的語(yǔ)言和文化，來(lái)挽救這些語(yǔ)言。 13．Many scholars are making efforts to ________． A．promote global languages B．rescue disappearing languages C．search for language communities D．set up language research organizations 答案　B　[事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第二段中“In an effort to prevent...they reflect.”可知學(xué)者們正在努力挽救瀕臨消失的語(yǔ)言。] 14．What does“that tradition”in Paragraph 3 refer to? A．Having full records of the languages. B．Writing books on language teaching. C．Telling stories about language users. D．Living with the native speakers. 答案　A　[詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)文章第三段中“But he is not content...without record.”可知“that tradition”是指Turin記錄語(yǔ)言。故選A。] 15．What is Turin’s book based on? A．The cultural studies in India. B．The documents available at Yale. C．His language research in Bhutan. D．His personal experience in Nepal. 答案　D　[事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第三段中“...grows out of his experience living，looking and raising a family in a village in Nepal.”可知Turin的書(shū)以其在尼泊爾的個(gè)人經(jīng)歷為基礎(chǔ)。故選D。] 16．Which of the following best describes Turin’s work? A．Write，sell and donate. B．Record，repair and reward. C．Collect，protect and reconnect. D．Design，experiment and report. 答案　C　[推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Generations of communities from whom...collected”和“Turin notes the endangered languages...speech communities.”可知，Turin的工作是“收集，保護(hù)和使再接合”，故選C。] Passage 5 體裁：應(yīng)用文　話(huà)題：地鐵指南　詞數(shù)：262　時(shí)間：5′ (2014全國(guó)卷Ⅱ，D) Metro Pocket Guide Metrorail(地鐵) Each passenger needs a farecard to enter and go out.Up to two children under age five may travel free with a paying customer. Farecard machines are in every station.Bring small bills because there are no change machines in the stations and farecard machines only provide up to $5 in change. Get one day of unlimited Metrorail rides with a One Day Pass.Buy it from a farecard machine in Metro stations.Use it after 9：30 am.until closing on weekdays，and all day on weekends and holidays. Hours of service Open：5 am. Mon.－Fri.　　7 am.Sat.－Sun. Close：midnight Sun.－Thurs.　3 am.Fri.－Sat.nights Last train times vary.To avoid(避免)missing the last train，please check the last train times posted in stations. Metrobus When paying with exact change，the fare is $1.35.When paying with a SmarTrip card，the fare is $1.25. Fares for senior/disabled customers Senior citizens 65 and older and disabled customers may ride for half the regular fare.On Metrorail and Metrobus，use a senior/disabled farecard or SmarTrip card.For more information about buying senior/disabled farecards，Smar－Trip card and passes，please visit MetroOpens Doors.com or call 202－637－7000 and 202－637－8000. Senior citizens and disabled customers can get free guide on how to use proper Metrobus and Metrorail services by calling 202－962－1100. Travel tips(提示) Avoid riding during weekday rush periods—before 9：30 am.and between 4 and 6 pm. If you lose something on a bus or train or in a station，please call Lost & Found at 202－962－1195. 【語(yǔ)篇解讀】　本文題目為地鐵袖珍指南。文中詳細(xì)介紹了一些地鐵站的信息。 17．What should you know about farecard machines? A．They start selling tickets at 9：30 am.. B．They are connected to change machines. C．They offer special service to the elderly. D．They make change for no more than $5. 答案　D　[事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第二段“There are no change machines...up to $5 in change”可知D項(xiàng)正確。] 18．At what time does Metrorail stop service on Saturday? A．At midnight B．At 3 am. C．At 5 am. D．At 7 pm. 答案　B　[事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)“Hours of service”中的信息“Close：midnight Sun—Thurs；3 am.Fri－Sat.nights”可知周六凌晨三點(diǎn)地鐵停止服務(wù)，故B項(xiàng)正確。] 19．What is good about a SmarTrip card? A．It is convenient for old people. B．It saves money for its users. C．It can be bought at any time. D．It is sold on the Internet. 答案　B　[事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)“Metrobus”中“When paying with exact...the fare is $1.25”可知使用Smar Trip card可以節(jié)省錢(qián)。故B項(xiàng)正確。] 20．Which number should you call if you lose something on the Metro? A．202－962－1195 B．202－962－1100 C．202－637－7000 D．202－637－8000 答案　A　[事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章最后一段中“If you lose something...please call...”可知A項(xiàng)正確。] 題組二　嘗試模擬 Passage 1 (2016河南六市高三一模) All Change！The charity role－reversal (角色互換) game So，what’s it all about? All Change！is a fantastic，fun－filled，fancy dress festival that will help us to raise money for children in need. When did it get going? The first All Change！role－reversal entertainment took place in 2005 in aid of a local children’s charity.Every year since then nearly 100，000 men，women and children have worn the strangest and the most wonderful headgear (頭飾) possible to raise money for a growing number of children’s charities.This year we are helping a record number of good causes，all aimed to help children in need. Want to take part? Great！We want 100，000 or more people like you to bring a smile to the face of local children.To find out more contact us on our website or phone 502 389 711.And remember，for the sake of children... Still want to take part? OK！Here’s what you have to do.On Friday 15 June，go to work，or to school，or shopping or whatever you normally do，dressed as normal，but on your head you must wear the strangest，most unbelievable headgear you can possibly find！Are you a policeman but would really love to be a chef？Are you a secretary with secret desires to be a Hollywood princess？Or a baker who wants to wear the world’s largest wig (假發(fā))？Now is your chance！Be creative! IT’S TIME FOR A CHANGE On Friday 15 June It’s ALL CHANGE DAY?。? 【語(yǔ)篇解讀】　本文是應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了一個(gè)為兒童慈善事業(yè)籌款的活動(dòng)。 1．What’s the aim of the role－reversal game? A．To amuse kids. B．To raise money. C．To help sick kids. D．To change the world. 答案　B　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的that will help us to raise money for children in need可知，活動(dòng)是為了籌款。] 2．According to the text，All Change！is a festival that ________． A．is held around the world B．involves mainly the young C．has a history of about ten years D．falls on different dates each year 答案　C　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的The first All Change！role－reversal entertainment took place in 2005可知，All Change！自2005年開(kāi)始已經(jīng)有約十年的歷史了。] 3．What are you expected to do on 15 June? A．Try your dream job. B．Dress up as children. C．Skip work or school. D．Wear creative hats. 答案　D　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段的but on your head you must wear the strangest，most unbelievable headgear可知，參與者需要戴奇特的頭飾或帽子。] Passage 2 (2016青島模擬)“Come on，Izz.You can do it.Move those arms.Kick.” My 7－year－old daughter was doing laps，and I wanted her to keep up with the other swimmers.She couldn’t. Neither could she hear my frustration，because the swimming club would not allow parents on the deck (甲板)．Parents waited in a glass balcony overlooking the pool. When she came up to greet me，ready to be hugged，I lit into her.“Why didn’t you try to finish the lap？How hard could it have been？” My daughter drew away from me.“You can’t even swim，”she said. She was right.I couldn’t swim. Her words stayed with me.I asked myself：What does it take to learn something new？Did it help when someone criticized me? I was pushing my daughter to do something I had never tried. Before next week’s lesson arrived，I attended a swimming class for adults.When my daughter went to do laps，I went to the smaller pool at the other end of the club. Each week，Isabelle and I came up from our separate pools tired but happy.We shared what we had done，hugged，and went out for a treat. At the end of the eight－week course，I proudly showed her my first swimming badge(徽章)．“You can do laps with me now，”said my daughter. No，not yet.I had made it across the pool，but couldn’t finish its length.My arms had felt like lead，and my legs like rubber. More important than the swimming badge，though，I had earned a “parenting badge.” I had rediscovered the thrill and frustration of trying something new.My child was doing this every day—at the pool，at school，at home.Now，so was her mom. 【語(yǔ)篇解讀】　本文是記敘文。作者講述了自己和女兒學(xué)游泳的經(jīng)歷。 4．How did the author feel when she watched her daughter swimming? A．Upset. B．Proud. C．Afraid. D．Nervous. 答案　A　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)前兩段的敘述，尤其是第二段的my frustration可知，作者在看女兒游泳時(shí)表現(xiàn)得很焦慮。] 5．When Isabelle came up to greet the author，the author ________． A．hugged her tightly B．greeted her with a smile C．expressed dissatisfaction with her D．gave her some advice on swimming 答案　C　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容When she came up to greet me，ready to be hugged，I lit into her.“Why didn’t you try to finish the lap？How hard could it have been？”可知，作者的女兒游完泳，上來(lái)和作者打招呼，作者卻是劈頭蓋臉一頓訓(xùn)斥。light into sb打擊或抨擊某人。] 6．Why did the author attend swimming classes for adults? A．She showed great interest in swimming. B．She wanted to compete with her daughter. C．Her daughter’s words drove her to try new things. D．Her daughter encouraged her to take up swimming. 答案　C　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段至第八段內(nèi)容可知，作者女兒的話(huà)使作者幡