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Unit 5 The power of nature Section Ⅲ Grammar [夯實基礎(chǔ)知識] Ⅰ. 用所給動詞的正確形式填空 1. ________(base) an important decision more on emotion than on reason, youll regret it sooner or later. 答案：Basing　考查非謂語作狀語。主語you與base之間是邏輯上的主動關(guān)系，用basing。句意：憑借情感而不是理智做重要決定，你遲早會后悔的。 2. ________(ask) to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film. 答案：Having been asked　考查非謂語動詞。ask與句子主語I之間是邏輯上的被動關(guān)系，用被動，又被要求工作發(fā)生在錯過電影之前，故用分詞的完成被動式。句意：那天晚上我因被要求加班而錯過了一場好看的電影。 3. He got up late and hurried to his office, ________(leave) the breakfast untouched. 答案：leaving　考查現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語。句意：他起晚了，匆忙趕到辦公室，早飯根本沒動。 4. ________(stand) in a long queue, we waited for the store to open to buy a new iPad. 答案：Standing　考查現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語。stand與句子主語we之間是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，用現(xiàn)在分詞表主動。句意：我們排了很長的隊等待商店開門，就是為了買到一個“全新的iPad”。 5. More highways have been built in China, ________(make) it much easier for people to travel from one place to another. 答案：making　考查現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語，表示意料之中的結(jié)果。句意：中國又建了很多公路，這使得人們從一個地方到另一個地方旅行變得更加容易了。 6. Do you wake up every morning________(feel) energetic and ready to start a new day? 答案：feeling　考查現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語，與句子主語you之間是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。句意：你每天早上醒來的時候會感到精力充沛并準備開始新的一天嗎？ 7. ________(approach) the city centre, we saw a stone statue of about 10 metres in height. 答案：Approaching　考查現(xiàn)在分詞作時間狀語，與句子主語we之間是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。句意：當我們接近市中心時，我們看到了一座大約10米高的石雕。 8. Dina, ________(struggle) for months to find a job as a waitress, finally took a position at a local advertising agency. 答案：having struggled　考查現(xiàn)在分詞的完成時作狀語。struggle的動作發(fā)生在finally took的動作之前發(fā)生。句意：幾個月以來，Dina一直努力找一份服務(wù)員的工作，最終她在當?shù)匾患覐V告公司謀得了一個職位。 9. ________(tell) many times, he finally understood it. 答案：Having been told　考查現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語。tell與句子主語he之間是邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，用分詞的被動式。句意：他被告知了好多次，最后他終于懂了。 10. ________(fail) to reach them on the phone, we sent an email instead. 答案：Having failed　考查現(xiàn)在分詞作原因狀語。句子主語we與fail之間是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞。Having failed表示的動作先于sent an email發(fā)生。句意：因為沒打通他們的電話，我們只好給他們發(fā)了一封電子郵件。 Ⅱ. 完成句子 1. Tony lent me the money, ______________________Id do______________________for him. (hope) 托尼借錢給我，希望我為他做些事。 答案：hoping that; as much 2. The party will be held in the garden, ______________.(permit) 如果天氣允許，派對將會在花園里舉行。 答案：weather permitting/if weather permits 3. Its still________________， so the manufacturer will repair it. (guarantee) 保證書還有效，所以廠家會給修理的。 答案：under guarantee 4. Many reporters hurried to the airport, ________ that the superstar had already. 記者們匆忙趕到機場，結(jié)果卻被告知說那個超級明星已經(jīng)離開了。 答案：only to be told 5. ______________________________， I found the house below looked like tiny toys. (stand) 當我站在山頂時，我覺得下面的房子就像小玩具一樣。 答案：Standing on the top of the mountain Ⅲ. 單句語法填空(不多于3個單詞) 1. The train________(go), we had to wait another day. 答案：having gone　考查獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)作原因狀語。having gone的動作先于had to wait動作。句意：因為火車已離開，我們只好再等一天。 2. He sent me an email, ________(hope) to get further information. 答案：hoping　考查現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語。hope和句子主語he之間是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。句意：他給我發(fā)了一封電子郵件，希望得到進一步的信息。 3. [2014北京高二檢測]________(save) a little money from her pocket money, Alice was able to buy her mother a lovely scarf. 答案：Having saved　考查非謂語動詞。句意：從零用錢里面節(jié)省了一些錢，愛麗絲能給她媽媽買一條漂亮的圍巾。save與Alice構(gòu)成主動關(guān)系，且省錢是在買圍巾前，故用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成時。 4. [2014合肥高二檢測]He stood there, his hands raised, his eyes________(look) straight up. 答案：looking　考查獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)作伴隨狀語。eyes與look構(gòu)成主動關(guān)系，用現(xiàn)在分詞。句意：他站在那里，舉著手，眼睛直盯上方。 5. ________(judge) from media reports, the result has been unclear. 答案：Judging　judging from表示“從……來看”在句中作狀語。句意：從媒體報導(dǎo)來看，這個結(jié)果一直不清晰。 6. ________(not receive) her email, I wrote her another one, telling her what I wanted her to do. 答案：Not having received　考查現(xiàn)在分詞完成式作原因狀語，not作為副詞，需放在分詞的最前面。句意：因為沒有收到她的電子郵件，我又寫了一封告訴她我想讓她做的事。 7. Lucys new job paid twice as much as she had made________(work) in the restaurant. 答案：working　work與其邏輯主語she之間是主謂關(guān)系，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞短語作時間狀語。句意：露西的新工作的報酬是她在飯店工作時的兩倍。 8. [2014福州高二檢測]Furniture giant IKEA opened its first store in Sofia on Tuesday, ________(eye) a 10% market share in its first year of operation. 答案：eyeing　考查非謂語動詞。句意：家具巨頭IKEA周二在Sofia開了第一家店，目標是在第一年占據(jù)市場10%的份額。eye與句子的主語IKEA構(gòu)成主動關(guān)系，此處為伴隨狀語，故用eyeing。 9. [2013課標全國卷Ⅱ] I got to the office earlier that day, ________(catch) the 7：30 train from Paddington. 答案：having caught　句意：那天我比平時到辦公室的時間要早，因為我趕上了7：30從Paddington來的火車。本題考查非謂語動詞作狀語。I與非謂語動詞之間是主動關(guān)系。having caught是現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式表示該動作先于句子謂語動詞的動作發(fā)生。 10. [2013北京高考]________(find) the course very difficult, she decided to move to a lower level. 答案：Finding　句意：發(fā)現(xiàn)這門課程非常難，她決定轉(zhuǎn)到水平低一點的(課程)。本題考查非謂語動詞作狀語。find與句子主語she之間是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，故用finding作原因狀語。 [提升實戰(zhàn)能力] Ⅳ. 閱讀理解 Food combining refers to a good way of choosing and eating food which is based on nutrition. A food combining diet does not allow people to mix food rich in protein with food rich in carbohydrate. If you can learn to combine foods in the correct manner, your digestive system will improve, as well as your energy levels. People who support combining foods believe that incorrectly combined meals may lead to food that cannot be digested in our stomach. This is believed to result in some diseases. The key to the food combining diet for us is to know what foods are best together and what foods should be avoided placing together during meals. In a food combining diet, fruit should be eaten alone and 20 to 30 minutes need to pass before another meal can be consumed so the fruit has time to pass through the body. Some experts believe that foods rich in carbohydrate and citrus (柑橘類的) fruit should not be combined because the chemicals in our stomach that digests carbohydrates can only function in an alkaline (堿) space. Similarly， carbohydrates and proteins should be kept away from one another since they can affect the digestion of the other. Protein and starches (淀粉) are eaten during separate meals in a food combining diet. For example, meat and bread would not be eaten together during a single meal. In addition， the protein or starch that is consumed during a meal would be combined with a vegetable, and fruits would always be eaten separately. This diet is 70% fruits and vegetables and 30% starches like rice. Dairy products are not included in the food combining diet. Because this diet is mainly made up of fruit and vegetables, it is usually lower in calories. Rapid weight loss usually has something to do with food combining. Some nutritionists worry that this diet doesnt have enough important nutrients like Vitamin D and protein. However, others say that if the diet is followed properly, this is not a problem. 本文是一篇說明文，主要講的是飲食中哪些食物可以結(jié)合在一起吃，哪些食物必須分開來吃。 1. From the first paragraph we can learn that________. A. food plays an important role in our digestive system B. a diet should contain nothing but proteinrich food C. foods should be combined correctly on nutrition D. people should eat food that offers more energy 答案：C　考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容可知，食物應(yīng)該根據(jù)營養(yǎng)正確地搭配。所以答案選C項。 2. Which of the following combining diets is right according to the passage? A. Eating protein together with a vegetable. B. Eating fruits together with protein. C. Eating carbohydrates and protein together. D. Eating carbohydraterich foods and citrus fruit. 答案：A　考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段的“the protein or starch that is consumed during a meal would be combined with a vegetable”可知，含蛋白質(zhì)或者淀粉比較多的食物應(yīng)該跟蔬菜結(jié)合起來吃，所以答案選A項。 3. The third and fourth paragraphs mainly tell us ________. A. some examples of combined food B. some examples of unreasonably combined food C. the concept of the food combining diet D. foods that can be eaten together or separately 答案：D　考查段意理解。第三段和第四段主要講的是可以一起吃或者應(yīng)該分開來吃的食物，所以答案選D項。 4. The food combining diet includes the following items except ________. A. fruits 　　　　 B. cheese C. vegetables D. bread 答案：B　考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段的“Dairy products are not included in the food combining diet.”可知，這里講的食物搭配并不包括乳制品，所以答案選B項。 5. What does the underlined word “this” in the last paragraph refer to? A. This diet is lower in calories. B. This diet should be followed properly. C. This diet doesnt have enough important nutrients. D. This diet doesnt benefit those who want to lose weight. 答案：C　考查代詞指代。從最后一段的“Some nutritionists worry that this diet doesnt have enough important nutrients like Vitamin D and protein.”可知，this指的是this diet doesnt have enough important nutrients，所以答案選C項。 Ⅴ. 七選五 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。 What is the tallest mountain on earth? ___1___ But there is something 304 meters taller than Mount Everest. However, it is mainly underwater. It begins at the bottom of the Pacific Ocean, and rises more than 17 kilometers from the ocean floor. Its name is Mauna Loa, which means “Long Mountain” in the Hawaiian language. Mauna Loa is more than half of the island of Hawaii, the largest of the Hawaiian Islands. ___2___It has produced liquid rock called lava (熔巖) more than thirty times since records were first kept in 1843. Today, Mauna Loa is quiet. It is not producing lava. However, volcano experts say it is only a matter of time before this happens once again. ___3___There are four others. Three of them are no longer active. One of them is still active. It is named Kilauea. It has produced lava more than fifty times in the last 100 years. At this moment, red hot lava is pouring out of Kilauea. ___4___ Sometimes the lava moves slowly. At other times it pours out very fast as huge amounts of pressure force it from the volcano. During these times, it moves almost as quickly as water moving down the side of a mountain. When the lava from Kilauea reaches the ocean, its fierce heat produces great amounts of steam that rise into the air. The lava is so hot that it continues to burn underwater for some time. The lava from Kilauea continues to add land to the island as the volcanoes of Hawaii have always done. ___5___ A. It has been doing this since 1983. B. It is no longer considered to be active. C. You will say the answer is Mount Everest. D. It is these volcanoes that formed the islands of Hawaii. E. Mauna Loa is not the only volcano on the island of Hawaii. F. Mauna Loa is also the largest and most active volcano on earth. G. Experts say the volcanoes are a serious threat to many parts of the island. 本文是說明文。文章介紹了夏威夷地區(qū)海底山脈的形成。 1. C　提到世界上最高的山脈，我們通常想到的是珠穆朗瑪峰，由后一句的Mount Everest可知，故選C。 2. F　本段繼續(xù)介紹Mauna Loa，接下來介紹的是熔巖的噴發(fā)，文中提到“Today，Mauna Loa is quiet.”以及后句提到的可知此處應(yīng)選F。 3. E　由后兩句“There are four others. Three of them are no longer active.”可知，本段轉(zhuǎn)而介紹島上的其他火山，故選E。 4. A　根據(jù)上下句的主語red hot lava和the lava可知，本段介紹的是熔巖的情況，從話題上，A和B合適。但B中的no longer active與本段內(nèi)容矛盾，可排除。故選A。 5. D　本段側(cè)重介紹火山噴發(fā)產(chǎn)生的熔巖對于夏威夷形成的作用，故選D。 Ⅵ. 語法填空 Why is pink or purple a color for girls and blue or brown for boys? The answer depends largely ___1___ cultural values as well as personal experiences. To the Egyptians, green is a color ___2___ represents the hope and joy of spring, while for Muslims, it means heaven. Red is a symbol of good luck in many cultures. During the Spring Festival in China, children ___3___ (give) money in a red envelope to bring good fortune in the New Year. For many nations, blue is a symbol of protection and religious beliefs. Greek people often wear a blue necklace hoping to protect ___4___ (they) against evils (災(zāi)禍)． Peoples choice of colors is also influenced by their bodies reactions toward them. Green is said to be ___5___ most restful color. It has the ability to reduce pain and relax people both mentally ___6___ physically. People working in green environment ___7___ (find) to have fewer stomachaches. Red can cause a persons blood pressure to rise and ___8___ (increase) peoples appetites (食欲). Many decorators will include different shades of red in the restaurant. ___9___ (similar), many commercial websites will have a red “Buy Now” button because red is a color that easily catches a persons eye. Blue is another calming color. Unlike red, blue is believed to cause people to lose ___10___. So if you want to eat less, some suggest that eating from blue plates can help. 1. ________　2. ________　3. ________　4. ________ 5. ________　6. ________　7.________　8. ________ 9. ________　10. ________ 為什么粉色和紫色是女孩喜歡的顏色，藍色和棕色是男孩喜歡的顏色呢？那我們一起來看一看吧！ 1. on　考查介詞。depend on是固定搭配，意為“取決于”。 2. that/which　考查定語從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，先行詞是color，引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作主語，所以用that或which。 3. are given　考查被動語態(tài)。主語children是動作實施的對象，所以用被動語態(tài)。 4. themselves　考查反身代詞。此處指代主語Greek people，作protect的賓語，所以用反身代詞。 5. the　考查冠詞。the用在形容詞的最高級前。 6. and　考查連詞。mentally和physically并列，而且both...and是固定結(jié)構(gòu)，所以用and。 7. have been found　考查時態(tài)。根據(jù)句意，此處是表明一種研究結(jié)果，所以用現(xiàn)在完成時。people working in green environment是被研究的對象，所以用被動語態(tài)。 8. increase　考查省略。與cause并列，所以用increase。 9. Similarly　考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。副詞修飾整個句子。 10. appetite　考查名詞。由下文內(nèi)容可知此處填 appetite。lose appetite意為“食欲不振”。