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Unit 1 Learning to Be Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空 1. In my opinion，honesty is the most important part of (friend)，because I hate being cheated. 答案：friendship 2. In view the present situation，we’ll have to change our original plan. 答案：of 3. A good listener takes part in the conversation， (offer)ideas and raising questions to keep the talk flowing. 答案：offering 4．Throughout the book they give you examples of different (cultural) and how they do things. 答案：cultures 5．You can make a (complain) to the local government unless you are happy with the way they deal with the matter. 答案：complaint 6．His writing is so (confuse)that it’s difficult to make out what it is he is trying to express. 答案：confusing 7．What he said sounded (interest), but it was not true. 答案：interesting 8．Much their delight，they found that he was gradually recovering. 答案：to 9．The cemetery and memorial are situated on a cliff (overlook)the beach and the English Channel. 答案：overlooking 10．It is believed that Monkey King is just an (imagine) character in the novel. 答案：imaginary Ⅱ.閱讀理解 (2016豫北、豫東十所名校聯(lián)考)The way we cook is important.In many countries，the two choices are natural gas and electricpowered stoves. The World Health Organization warns that millions of people are dying every year from indoor air pollution which results from the use of dangerous fuels and cookstoves in the home.Most of the deaths are in developing countries.To help fight the problem，the WHO announced new guidelines aimed at reducing household pollutants. The WHO’s plan of action for reducing indoor pollutants is based on new findings，which show that the use of toxic(有毒的)fuels in inefficient stoves，space heaters or lights is to blame for many of these deaths. Carlos Dora，an official in the WHO，says people should not use unprocessed coal indoors.He says，“Opening a window or door to let out the harmful air will not correct the situation.It will only pollute the outdoors.You can’t expect that a bit of ventilation(通風(fēng)) is going to get rid of this. It is really about clean technologies and clean fuels.And，the fuel store has not been stressed enough so far in the global debate.So，that is the new thing.We should be going for clean fuels，avoiding coal and going for the solar.” WHO officials say indoor pollution leads to early deaths from stroke，heart and lung disease and childhood lung cancer.These diseases can often result from high levels of fine particulate matter and carbon monoxide(一氧化碳) released by the burning of solid fuels.These fuels include wood，coal，animal waste，crop waste and charcoal.Women and girls are the main victims. The United Nations found that more than 95 percent of households in subSaharan Africa depend on solid fuels for cooking.It says huge populations in India，China and Latin American countries，such as Guatemala and Peru，are also at risk. WHO experts note some new，safe and lowcost technologies that could help are already available.But this is just a start.They are urging developing countries to use cleaner fuels and increase access to cleaner and more modern cooking and heating appliances. 【文章大意】　本文是一篇科普說(shuō)明文。在室內(nèi)使用固體燃料會(huì)使室內(nèi)一氧化碳濃度升高，從而導(dǎo)致中毒死亡。為解決此問(wèn)題，世界衛(wèi)生組織建議在發(fā)展中國(guó)家增加使用更清潔、更現(xiàn)代化的烹飪和加熱設(shè)備。 1．The reason for indoor air pollution is ． A．still unknown B．the use of solar energy C．the use of dangerous fuels and cookstoves D．the frequent use of fuels in efficient stoves C　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句“The World Health Organization warns that millions of people are dying every year from indoor air pollution which results from the use of dangerous fuels and cookstoves in the home.”可知，世界衛(wèi)生組織警告說(shuō)，每年有成千上萬(wàn)的人死于家里使用的危險(xiǎn)燃料和烹調(diào)爐引起的室內(nèi)空氣污染。故C項(xiàng)正確。 2．Who may be the least affected by indoor air pollution? A．Children in China. B．Men in Europe. C．Girls in subSaharan Africa. D．Women in Latin American countries. B　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第二句“Most of the deaths are in developing countries.”可知，絕大部分的死亡事故發(fā)生在發(fā)展中國(guó)家；根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段最后一句“It says huge populations in India，China and Latin American countries...are also at risk.”可知，印度、中國(guó)以及拉丁美洲的一些國(guó)家污染嚴(yán)重；根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段最后一句可知，女性是主要受害者，由此可推知，歐洲男子最不容易因室內(nèi)空氣污染而死亡。故B項(xiàng)正確；A、C、D三項(xiàng)都屬于發(fā)展中國(guó)家的人，這些地區(qū)污染嚴(yán)重，故最可能因此而死亡。 3．Solutions to the indoor air pollution problem include ． ①going for animal waste and coal ②using clean fuels ③increasing access to cleaner and more modern cooking and heating appliances ④opening a window or door to let out the harmful air A．①④　　　　　　　 B．①③ C．②③ D．②④ C　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)本文最后一句中的“to use cleaner fuels and increase access to cleaner and more modern cooking and heating appliances”可知，增加使用更清潔、更現(xiàn)代化的烹飪和加熱設(shè)備是解決問(wèn)題的方法之一，故②、③正確；根據(jù)第五段最后兩句可知，室內(nèi)污染主要來(lái)自于固體燃料的使用而導(dǎo)致的室內(nèi)一氧化碳濃度升高，這些固體燃料包括煤炭，動(dòng)物排泄物，木頭等，所以①不在范圍內(nèi)；根據(jù)第四段第二句可知④不正確。故C項(xiàng)正確。 4．What’s the main idea of this passage? A．Health is very important to people in developing countries. B．People in developing countries are dying from air pollution. C．People in developing countries know too little about science and technology. D．Proper cooking ways help reduce the deaths in developing countries. D　解析：主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段第一句“The way we cook is important.”及第二段最后一句“To help fight the problem，the WHO announced new guidelines aimed at reducing household pollutants.”并結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，本文主要說(shuō)明了正確的烹飪方法將減輕發(fā)展中國(guó)家的室內(nèi)污染，從而減少死亡事故的發(fā)生。故D項(xiàng)正確。 Ⅲ.完形填空 (2016鄭州質(zhì)檢)A woman professor walked around in a classroom while she was teaching stress management to her students.As she 1 a glass of water，everyone 2 they would be asked the“halfempty or halffull”question. 3 ，with a smile on her face，she asked，“How 4 is this glass of water？”Answers called out 5 from eight to twenty ounces(盎司)． She quieted the students down and then replied，“The absolute weight doesn’t 6 .It all depends on how long I hold it.If I hold it for a minute，it’s not a 7 ．If I hold it for an hour，I’ll have an ache in my 8 ．If I hold it for a day，my arm will feel 9 and paralyzed.In each case，the 10 of the glass of water doesn’t change，but the longer I hold it，the heavier it becomes.Do you know why？” All the students kept silent and listened carefully，lost in thought. She continued，“Our 11 and worries in life are like that glass of water.Think about them for a while and 12 happens.Think about them a bit longer and they begin to 13 ．And if you think about them all day long，you will feel paralyzed— 14 to do anything.” It’s important to remember to 15 your stresses.As early in the evening as possible，put all your 16 down.Don’t carry them through the evening and into the night.Remember to put the glass down! More often than not life gets terrible 17 we think too much.And the moment you remove your burden，you’ll find yourself feeling so much more 18 ．　 So rather than moping around(閑逛) and feeling sorry for yourself， 19 doing something about it.After all，life is too short to 20 yourself to anything that’s not making you happy. 【文章大意】　本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。文章通過(guò)女教授讓學(xué)生觀察一杯水的重量的事例，告訴讀者：要卸下壓力和負(fù)擔(dān)，才能活得更放松。 1．A.raised 　　　　　　　　 B．served C．drank D．demanded A　解析：根據(jù)第三段中的“It all depends on how long I hold it.”可知，這位女教授端著一杯水。raise意為“舉起”；serve意為“服務(wù)”；drink意為“喝，飲”；demand意為“要求”。故選A。 2．A.argued B．wondered C．expected D．a(chǎn)greed C　解析：句意：每個(gè)人都認(rèn)為他們會(huì)被問(wèn)到“杯子是半空還是半滿”的問(wèn)題。argue意為“爭(zhēng)論”；wonder意為“想知道”；expect意為“預(yù)料”；agree意為“同意”。故選C。 3．A.Meanwhile B．Instead C．Anyhow D．Therefore B　解析：根據(jù)上文“they would be asked the‘halfempty or halffull’question”可知，每個(gè)人都預(yù)料會(huì)被問(wèn)到“杯子是半空還是半滿”的問(wèn)題，相反，教授面帶著微笑問(wèn)道“這杯水有多重？”。meanwhile意為“同時(shí)”；instead意為“相反”；anyhow意為“無(wú)論如何”；therefore意為“因此”。故選B。 4．A.much B．full C．little D．heavy D　解析：根據(jù)第三段中的“The absolute weight doesn’t ．”可知，教授的問(wèn)題是：“這杯水有多重？”much意為“大量的”；full意為“滿的”；little意為“少的”；heavy意為“重的”。故選D。 5．A.ranged B．replied C．read D．remained A　解析：根據(jù)下文“from eight to twenty ounces(盎司)”可知，喊出的答案從八盎司到二十盎司不等。range意為“(在……內(nèi))變動(dòng)，變化”；reply意為“回答”；read意為“讀”；remain意為“保持”。故選A。 6．A.affect B．drop C．matter D．work C　解析：根據(jù)下文“It all depends on how long I hold it.”可知，絕對(duì)重量并不重要。affect意為“影響”；drop意為“下降”；matter意為“重要，要緊”；work意為“工作，起作用”。故選C。 7．A.success B．point C．skill D．problem D　解析：根據(jù)常識(shí)可知，如果舉一分鐘，那不是問(wèn)題。success意為“成功”；point意為“要點(diǎn)，得分”；skill意為“技術(shù)，技巧”；problem意為“問(wèn)題”。故選D。 8．A.hand B．a(chǎn)rm C．neck D．back B　解析：根據(jù)下文“If I hold it for a day，my arm will feel ”可知，如果舉一個(gè)小時(shí)，手臂就會(huì)疼。hand意為“手”；arm意為“手臂”；neck意為“脖子”；back意為“背部”。故選B。 9．A.steady B．sensitive C．nervous D．numb D　解析：根據(jù)下文中的“paralyzed”可知，如果舉一天，“我”的手臂會(huì)感到麻木、無(wú)力。steady意為“穩(wěn)定的”；sensitive意為“敏感的”；nervous意為“緊張不安的”；numb意為“麻木的”。故選D。 10．A.weight B．shape C．function D．size A　解析：根據(jù)下文“but the longer I hold it，the heavier it becomes”可知，每一種情況下，這杯水的重量都沒(méi)有改變，但是“我”舉的時(shí)間越長(zhǎng)，它就會(huì)變得越重。weight意為“重量”；shape意為“形狀”；function意為“功能”；size意為“大小”。故選A。 11．A.surprises B．joys C．stresses D．doubts C　解析：根據(jù)上文“she was teaching stress management to her students”可知，“我們”生活中的壓力和煩惱就像那杯水一樣。surprise意為“驚奇”；joy意為“歡樂(lè)”；stress意為“壓力”；doubt意為“懷疑”。故選C。 12．A.everything B．nothing C．a(chǎn)nything D．something B　解析：根據(jù)上文“If I hold it for a minute，it’s not a ．”可知，教授把生活中的壓力和煩惱比作那杯水。只思考一會(huì)兒壓力和煩惱的話，沒(méi)什么事。everything意為“一切”；nothing意為“無(wú)事，無(wú)物”；anything意為“任何事”；something意為“某事，某物”。故選B。 13．A.improve B．hurt C．change D．a(chǎn)djust B　解析：根據(jù)上文“If I hold it for an hour，I’ll have an ache in my ．”可知，思考時(shí)間稍長(zhǎng)一點(diǎn)的話，它們就會(huì)開(kāi)始傷害你。improve意為“改善”；hurt意為“使疼痛，使受傷”；change意為“改變”；adjust意為“調(diào)整”。故選B。 14．A.uncertain B．a(chǎn)fraid C．unable D．a(chǎn)vailable C　解析：根據(jù)上文“you will feel paralyzed”可知，如果你整天都在思考?jí)毫蜔赖脑?，你就?huì)感到麻木——什么都做不了。uncertain意為“不確定的”；afraid意為“害怕的”；unable意為“未能的，無(wú)能力的”；available意為“可得到的”。故選C。 15．A.catch up with B．take charge of C．put up with D．let go of D　解析：根據(jù)下文“Don’t carry them through the evening and into the night.”可知，釋放壓力很重要。catch up with意為“趕上，追上”；take charge of意為“接管，負(fù)責(zé)”；put up with意為“忍受，容忍”；let go of意為“放手，釋放”。故選D。 16．A.burdens B．thoughts C．hardships D．feelings A　解析：根據(jù)下文“Don’t carry them through the evening and into the night.”可知，要盡早放下你的負(fù)擔(dān)。burden意為“負(fù)擔(dān)”；thought意為“思想”；hardship意為“苦難，困苦”；feeling意為“感覺(jué)，感情”。故選A。 17．A.when B．till C．unless D．though A　解析：根據(jù)本句“More often than not life gets terrible we think too much.”可知，通常是當(dāng)我們思考太多的時(shí)候，生活就會(huì)變得糟糕?？崭窈笞鲿r(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。when意為“當(dāng)……時(shí)”；till意為“直到”；unless意為“除非”；though意為“雖然，盡管”。故選A。 18．A.excited B．worried C．satisfied D．relaxed D　解析：根據(jù)上文“And the moment you remove your burden”可知，一旦你擺脫了負(fù)擔(dān)，就會(huì)感到非常輕松。excited意為“興奮的”；worried意為“擔(dān)心的”；satisfied意為“滿意的”；relaxed意為“放松的”。故選D。 19．A.keep B．finish C．start D．risk C　解析：根據(jù)上文“So rather than moping around(閑逛)and feeling sorry for yourself”及下文“l(fā)ife is too short”可知，與其悶悶不樂(lè)，顧影自憐，不如開(kāi)始為此做點(diǎn)什么。keep意為“保持”；finish意為“完成”；start意為“開(kāi)始”；risk意為“冒……的危險(xiǎn)”。故選C。 20．A.help B．a(chǎn)bandon C．throw D．commit B　解析：根據(jù)上文“So rather than moping around(閑逛)and feeling sorry for yourself”可知，生命太短暫，不能沉湎于讓你不高興的事情中。help意為“幫助”；abandon意為“放棄”；throw意為“投，拋”；commit意為“犯(罪)，做出(錯(cuò)事)”。abandon oneself to意為“沉湎于”，為固定短語(yǔ)，符合語(yǔ)境。故選B。 Ⅳ.語(yǔ)法填空 (2016威海市高三模擬)Our earth is in trouble.Our drinking water is becoming dirtier，and the air is not as clear as before.People and 1. (factory) are polluting the air，rivers，lakes and seas.You might think there is nothing you can do 2. (help)．That’s not true.There are many things you can do. A lot of CO2 3. (produce) into the air when cars burn gasoline.Some people believe that CO2 makes the earth warmer.They think CO2 thins the clouds above us.The clouds keep us away from 4. strongest sunlight.So try to walk，ride a bicycle 5. take a bus.And if you drive a car，drive at a steady speed.This can save some gasoline. The biggest energy use at home is for keeping warm or cool.So turn the air conditioner 6. when you don’t need to use it.Use lights that save energy. Use fewer things 7. cannot be used again.When you buy something，consider those 8. (make) from things that can be used again first. Taking a shower often 9. (need) a lot of water.In one week an American family uses as much water for showers as a person drinks in three years！Buy a waterworks that uses 10. water，or take shorter showers.This can cut the use of water. 【文章大意】　本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要介紹了我們應(yīng)如何做些力所能及的事來(lái)應(yīng)對(duì)日益惡化的環(huán)境問(wèn)題。 1．factories　解析：考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。由句意可知，人們和工廠在污染空氣、江河湖泊和海洋。故此處應(yīng)泛指所有的工廠，factory是可數(shù)名詞，故填factories。 2．to help　解析：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞?！皔ou can do”是nothing的定語(yǔ)從句，關(guān)系代詞that在從句中作賓語(yǔ)，被省略，故此處應(yīng)用不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)。故填to help。 3．is produced　解析：考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境“when...”提示可知，本句是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句，空格處作主句的謂語(yǔ)。主句主語(yǔ)“CO2”和produce構(gòu)成邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且根據(jù)從句中時(shí)態(tài)“burn”可知，此處應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。CO2是不可數(shù)名詞，故填is produced。 4．the　解析：考查冠詞。根據(jù)空格后的“strongest”提示可知，此處表示最高級(jí)的概念，故填定冠詞the。 5．or　解析：考查連詞。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處表示邏輯上的并列選擇關(guān)系。故填or。 6．off　解析：考查副詞。固定短語(yǔ)turn off意為“關(guān)掉”，與語(yǔ)境“when you don’t need to use it”相呼應(yīng)。故填off。 7．that　解析：考查定語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句“cannot be used again”，在從句中作主語(yǔ)，指代先行詞“things”，且先行詞前有“fewer”修飾，不能用which。故填that。 8．made　解析：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。make和句子謂語(yǔ)“consider”之間沒(méi)有連詞，故用其非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式。make和其邏輯主語(yǔ)“those”構(gòu)成邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用其過(guò)去分詞形式作后置定語(yǔ)。故填made。 9．needs　解析：考查主謂一致。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處作句子的謂語(yǔ)；動(dòng)名詞、不定式或主語(yǔ)從句在句子中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，句子謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式。故填needs。 10．less　解析：考查形容詞比較級(jí)。與語(yǔ)境“shorter”形成呼應(yīng)，此處應(yīng)用否定含義的比較級(jí)形式，表示“少用水”，故填less。