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教學(xué)無(wú)憂http://jiaoxue5u.taobao.com/專注中小學(xué) 教學(xué)事業(yè)！ 高考英語(yǔ)一輪單元總復(fù)習(xí)講義精品薈萃外研版選修八Module 2 知識(shí)詳解 ① blame　vt.　責(zé)備，指責(zé)，把……歸咎于 n．　埋怨，責(zé)備，責(zé)怪，責(zé)任 (回歸課本P25)The outcome of the story is that Perugia got the blame for the crime and went to prison. 故事的結(jié)果是佩魯賈因犯罪受到懲罰而入獄。 【歸納總結(jié)】 【例句探源】 ①Don’t try to blame it on me！別想賴我！ ②They blamed the secretary for the delay of the plan. 他們責(zé)怪秘書(shū)延誤了計(jì)劃。 ③The driver was not to blame for the traffic accident. 那起交通事故不應(yīng)該怪司機(jī)。 ④Who is to blame for the mistake？對(duì)這個(gè)過(guò)錯(cuò)誰(shuí)應(yīng)負(fù)責(zé)？ ⑤The company is ready to take the blame for what has happened.公司準(zhǔn)備對(duì)已發(fā)生的事情承擔(dān)責(zé)任。 【即境活用】 1．I feel it is your husband who ________ for the spoiled child. A．is to blame　　　B．is going to blame C．is to be blamed D．should blame 解析：選A。本題考查固定短語(yǔ)be to blame “該受責(zé)備，應(yīng)負(fù)責(zé)任”。 2．完成句子 It’s you who ________________ for the delay of work. 工作耽誤了，是你該受到責(zé)備。 答案：are to blame ②appeal　v．　呼吁，懇請(qǐng)，求助；吸引；喚起 n．　呼吁，懇請(qǐng)；吸引力；上訴 (回歸課本P25)We’re appealing to anyone who saw the suspect to contact us. 我們呼吁無(wú)論是誰(shuí)看到了嫌疑犯，請(qǐng)與我們聯(lián)系。 【歸納總結(jié)】 【例句探源】 ①(朗文P80)The magazine is intended to appeal to working women in their 20s or 30s. 這本雜志旨在吸引20幾歲到30幾歲的職業(yè)女性讀者。 ②The government is appealing to everyone to save water. 政府呼吁每個(gè)人節(jié)約用水。 ③They’re appealing to local businesses for sponsorship money. 他們正請(qǐng)求當(dāng)?shù)毓咎峁┵澲Y金。 ④He made one last appeal to his father to forgive him. 他最后一次懇求父親寬恕他。 【即境活用】 3．(南京三模)The idea of traveling abroad really ________ a lot of Chinese people.That’s why every year witnesses more people applying for passports. A．takes to　　　 B．caters to C．a(chǎn)ttends to D．a(chǎn)ppeals to 解析：選D。本題考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。句意為“出國(guó)旅游的想法吸引了很多中國(guó)人。那就是為什么每年都有很多人申請(qǐng)護(hù)照?！盿ppeal to sb.“對(duì)某人有吸引力”。 4.We said we’d give her another chance，and we must ________ our promise. A．a(chǎn)ppeal to B．stick to C．lead to D．owe to 解析：選B?？疾閯?dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意為：我們說(shuō)過(guò)我們將再給她一次機(jī)會(huì)，我們必須信守諾言。appeal to吸引，呼吁；lead to導(dǎo)致；owe to因?yàn)椋捎?；歸功于；stick to信守，堅(jiān)持符合句意。 ③suspect　vt.& vi.　猜想；覺(jué)得；懷疑，不信任 n．　嫌疑犯，可疑對(duì)象 (回歸課本P25)We’re appealing to anyone who saw the suspect to contact us. 我們呼吁無(wú)論是誰(shuí)看到了嫌疑犯，請(qǐng)與我們聯(lián)系。 【歸納總結(jié)】 【例句探源】 ①They all suspected the man with a moustache to be a robber. 他們都猜測(cè)留著胡子的那個(gè)人是搶劫犯。 ②I began to suspect that they were trying to get rid of me. 我開(kāi)始覺(jué)察出，他們?cè)噲D擺脫我。 ③(牛津P2037)The drug is suspected of causing over 200 deaths.人們懷疑這種藥物造成200人死亡。 【即境活用】 5．The man ________ of shooting six school children was caught by Beijing police，the Xinhua News Agency reported on Friday. A．being suspected　　B．suspecting C．suspected D．to be suspected 解析：選C。suspected of... 為過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)，修飾the man。A、D兩項(xiàng)從時(shí)間角度考慮不合適。 6.Nobody wants to make friends with the boy ________ money. A．suspected of having stolen B．suspected to steal C．suspected having stolen D．suspecting to have stolen 解析：選A。句意為“懷疑某人做某事”的結(jié)構(gòu)是suspect sb.of doing sth.因此答案為A，這里用過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)，修飾boy。 ④seek　v．(sought；sought)　尋求，尋找；追求；探求，探索； (正式)試圖 (回歸課本P25)We’re seeking a gang of criminals. 我們正在尋找一伙罪犯。 【歸納總結(jié)】 【例句探源】 ①The student often seeks advice from the teacher on his study. 這個(gè)學(xué)生經(jīng)常向老師尋求學(xué)習(xí)建議。 ②It is noble to seek for knowledge. 尋求知識(shí)是高尚的。 ③Young people long to seek their fortune in the world. 年輕人渴望闖天下。 ④(朗文P1845)Local shools are seeking to reduce the dropout rate.地方學(xué)校在尋求降低輟學(xué)率。 【即境活用】 7．In the early 1920s，thousands of people went to Australia to ________ their fortune. A．seek　　　　　　 B．take C．develop D．undertake 解析：選A。句意：20世紀(jì)20年代初期，成千上萬(wàn)的人到澳大利亞尋找發(fā)財(cái)機(jī)會(huì)。seek one’s fortune 外出尋找發(fā)財(cái)機(jī)會(huì)是固定搭配。 ⑤leave sth./sb.behind　把……拋/落在后面，遺留，超過(guò) (回歸課本P25)The burglar left the antique frame and the glass behind. 盜賊只留下了古董架和玻璃框。 【歸納總結(jié)】 【例句探源】 ①He was left far behind from the start of the race. 比賽一開(kāi)始他就被遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)地拋在后面。 ②Oh，dear！The bag has been left behind. 啊呀！把包給落下了。 ③I’ve told you to leave my things alone. 我已經(jīng)告訴過(guò)你不可動(dòng)我的東西。 ④This word is wrongly spelt；you’ve left out a letter. 這單詞拼錯(cuò)了，你漏了一個(gè)字母。 ⑤Did you leave the doors and windows properly fastened? 你把門窗關(guān)好了嗎？ ⑥They’ll leave for Australia tomorrow morning. 他們明天早上將動(dòng)身去澳大利亞。 【即境活用】 8．He won’t help us even if we are good friends; ________ we treated him badly before. A．let alone　　　　　B．leave alone C．leave out D．leave behind 解析：選A?？疾楣潭ㄔ~組的用法。A項(xiàng)“更不必說(shuō)”；B項(xiàng)“不管， 不理會(huì)”；C項(xiàng)“遺漏，省略”；D項(xiàng)“遺留，留下”。由題意知A項(xiàng)正確。 ⑥ take up　占有(時(shí)間/空間)；繼續(xù)；開(kāi)始；接受；拿起 (回歸課本P27)Without inexpensive printing to make books available to a large section of society，the son of John Shakespeare，a government official in rural England in the mid－1500s，may never have been inspired to take up writing as a profession. 假如沒(méi)有低廉的印刷技術(shù)使得廣大社會(huì)階層有書(shū)可讀，16世紀(jì)中期英格蘭鄉(xiāng)村的政府官員——約翰·莎士比亞的兒子也許根本不可能受到鼓舞而將寫(xiě)作作為職業(yè)。 【歸納總結(jié)】 【例句探源】 ①I’ll try not to take up too much of your time. 我會(huì)盡量不占用你太多時(shí)間。 ②He had studied Japanese for a year and a half before he took up English.他開(kāi)始學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)之前已經(jīng)學(xué)一年半日語(yǔ)了。 ③(牛津P2060)I’d like to take up the point you raised earlier. 我想繼續(xù)談一談你早些時(shí)候提出的問(wèn)題。 ④Are you going to take up the challenge of lasting a whole week without being late? 一周不遲到，你能接受這一挑戰(zhàn)嗎？ 【即境活用】 9．(湖北華師大一附中)She was ________ whether to follow her husband to go abroad or to stay at home to look after her parents. A．taken away　　　　B．taken up C．taken off D．taken between 解析：選D。本題考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。take between表示“在……和……之間進(jìn)行協(xié)調(diào)選擇”。本句中的whether...or說(shuō)明這種選擇。take away“拿走”；take up“從事”；take off“起飛；脫下”。 10.My study of biology has ________ much of my spare time，but it has given me a great deal of enjoyment. A．taken in B．taken down C．taken up D．taken away 解析：選C。take in欺騙；take down寫(xiě)下，拆下；take up占去；take away取走。C項(xiàng)符合題意：“學(xué)習(xí)生物占去了我大量的業(yè)余時(shí)間……” ⑦depend on　依靠，依賴，取決于 (回歸課本P22)Unlike other places in Europe，where house owners were taxed on the size of their windows，here the taxes depended on the width of the house... 在歐洲其他地方，房屋主人要根據(jù)窗戶的尺寸納稅；此處卻不同，這里的稅金是根據(jù)房屋的寬度而定…… 【歸納總結(jié)】 【例句探源】 ①Whether you can pass the exam depends on how hard you work. 你能否通過(guò)考試取決于你有多努力。 ②Children depend on their parents for living. 兒童依靠父母生活。 ③You may depend on me to help you. 你放心，我會(huì)幫助你的。 ④You may depend on it that they will support you. 你相信好了，他們會(huì)支持你的。 【即境活用】 11．How much is produced ________ how hard we work. A．depending on　　 B．depends on C．independent D．dependent on 解析：選B。How much is produced是主語(yǔ)從句，在此作主語(yǔ)，所以空格處應(yīng)填謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，故B項(xiàng)正確。 12.Don’t worry，we can depend on ________ she will help us with our business. A．that B．/ C．it that D．what 解析：選C。句意是：不要擔(dān)心，我們相信她會(huì)來(lái)幫助我們搞生意的。depend on it that... 是習(xí)慣句式，意為“相信某人做某事”。 句型梳理 ①【教材原句】　Without the development of the printing press，the Renaissance may never have happened.(P27) 假如沒(méi)有印刷術(shù)的發(fā)展，也許根本不會(huì)出現(xiàn)文藝復(fù)興。 【句法分析】　這是一個(gè)虛擬語(yǔ)氣的句型，用介詞without來(lái)代替條件狀語(yǔ)從句，常用的介詞有with，without，but for等。 ①What would you do with a million dollars？(＝if you have a million dollars) 假如你有100萬(wàn)美元你會(huì)怎樣？ ②We couldn’t have finished the work ahead of time without your help.(＝if we hadn’t got your help) 假如沒(méi)有你的幫助我們不會(huì)提前完成工作。 ③But for the rain(＝If it hadn’t been for the rain)，we would have finished the work. 要不是下雨我們就已經(jīng)完成工作了。 【即境活用】 13．(山西太原測(cè)評(píng))—But for your timely warning，we ________ into great trouble. —Well，you know we’re friends. A．would get　　　　　B．must have got C．would have got D．can’t have got 解析：選C。前句句意“多虧了你及時(shí)提醒，否則我們就會(huì)惹大麻煩了?！睆恼Z(yǔ)境分析，“提醒”已經(jīng)在過(guò)去發(fā)生了，因此，后面表示的是和過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。 14.Without electricity，human life ________ quite difficult today. A．is B．will be C．would have been D．would be 解析：選D。句意為“沒(méi)有電，人們的生命就會(huì)完全不同?！睆恼Z(yǔ)境分析，這里說(shuō)的是和現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)。 ②【教材原句】　It is believed to be the best example of a new lifelike style of painting that amazed people when it was first used.(P16) 據(jù)稱《蒙娜·麗莎》是一種新的繪畫(huà)風(fēng)格——印象派風(fēng)格的典范，這種繪畫(huà)風(fēng)格一經(jīng)使用就使人們驚嘆不已。 【句法分析】　(1)主句的主語(yǔ)是it，it代指上文中的the Mona Lisa，is believed是謂語(yǔ)，to be best example of a new life－like style of painting是主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，that amazed people是定語(yǔ)從句，when it was first used是狀語(yǔ)從句。 (2)主句屬于“sth./sb.is believed to do/to be...”句型，該句型可改寫(xiě)成“It is believed that...”(其中it是形式主語(yǔ)，句子真正的主語(yǔ)是that引導(dǎo)的從句)或“People believe that...”的形式。如： ①He is believed to be fit for the position. ＝It is believed that he is fit for the position. ＝People believe that he is fit for the position. 據(jù)稱他是這個(gè)職位的合適人選。 相似的結(jié)構(gòu)還有： It is thought that... 大家認(rèn)為…… It is said that...據(jù)說(shuō)…… It is hoped that... 人們希望…… It is reported that... 據(jù)報(bào)道…… It is well－known that... 眾所周知…… It is generally considered that... 大家認(rèn)為…… It is supposed that... 據(jù)推測(cè)…… ②John is said to be one of the best teachers in the school. ＝It is said that John is one of the best teachers in the school. 據(jù)說(shuō)約翰是這個(gè)學(xué)校最好的老師之一。 ③He is said to have written a new book about workers. ＝It is said that he has written a new book about workers. 據(jù)說(shuō)他寫(xiě)了一本有關(guān)工人的新書(shū)。 【即境活用】 15．完成句子 (1)He is said ________________(學(xué)習(xí)) abroad, but I don’t know which country he studied in.(study) 答案：to have study (2)________________(規(guī)定) in the school rules that all the students should wear school uniform every Monday morning.(require) 答案：It is required 16．(寶雞模擬)The Foreign Minister said，“________ our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.” A．This is　　　　 B．There is C．It is D．That is 解析：選C。句意：外交部長(zhǎng)說(shuō)：“我們希望雙方會(huì)共謀和平?！眎t作形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是后面的that從句。 客服唯一聯(lián)系qq 1119139686 歡迎跟我們聯(lián)系