【機(jī)械類畢業(yè)論文中英文對照文獻(xiàn)翻譯】可重構(gòu)機(jī)床及其實(shí)用技術(shù)研究,機(jī)械類畢業(yè)論文中英文對照文獻(xiàn)翻譯,機(jī)械類,畢業(yè)論文,中英文,對照,對比,比照,文獻(xiàn),翻譯,可重構(gòu),機(jī)床,及其,實(shí)用,技術(shù)研究 外文翻譯 專 業(yè) 機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)制造及自動化 學(xué) 生 姓 名 康 生 班 級 BD機(jī)制042 學(xué) 號 0420110225 指 導(dǎo) 教 師 黃 曉 峰 外文資料名稱： Reconfigurable machine and practical technology research 外文資料出處： Engineering Structures 附 件： 1.外文資料翻譯譯文 2.外文原文 指導(dǎo)教師評語： 簽名： 年 月 日 可重構(gòu)機(jī)床及其實(shí)用技術(shù)研究 加文賴特 斯坦福大學(xué) 康生 譯 摘要: 介紹了可重構(gòu)機(jī)床的基本特征,分析了可重構(gòu)機(jī)床區(qū)別于傳統(tǒng)機(jī)床的模塊化設(shè)計(jì)的方法與特點(diǎn),通過可重構(gòu)機(jī)床加工零件族工藝過程的描述,展示了可重構(gòu)機(jī)床發(fā)展的先進(jìn)性與必要性。展示了可重構(gòu)機(jī)床面向客戶設(shè)計(jì),結(jié)構(gòu)模塊化重組的全新理念。 關(guān)鍵詞: 可重構(gòu)機(jī)床; 零件族; 模塊標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化; 加工工藝整合 1 　可重構(gòu)機(jī)床的工藝特點(diǎn) 可重構(gòu)機(jī)床由機(jī)床模塊集成,機(jī)床模塊的設(shè)計(jì)應(yīng)方便于重新配置加工一族零件,適應(yīng)新的、不可預(yù)測的產(chǎn)品加工工藝需求的變化。它對特定范圍的操作,可按客戶的需求設(shè)計(jì),因此可以快速經(jīng)濟(jì)地滿足新產(chǎn)品加工工藝的轉(zhuǎn)換需求?？芍貥?gòu)機(jī)床與一般模塊化產(chǎn)品相比,具備以下特點(diǎn): (1) 重構(gòu)性可重構(gòu)性　一般模塊化機(jī)械產(chǎn)品的著眼點(diǎn),都是在產(chǎn)品的出廠功能上,模塊化的概念和實(shí)施,只局限在制造企業(yè)內(nèi)部。用戶往往意識不到產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)的模塊化,因?yàn)楫a(chǎn)品在用戶手中一般不會改變使用功能,即使組合機(jī)床也是這樣。但是可重構(gòu)機(jī)床的功能在用戶手中卻是經(jīng)常變換的,用戶要經(jīng)常對產(chǎn)品的功能、結(jié)構(gòu)和布局進(jìn)行重組,以適應(yīng)市場需求的變化,這也是可重構(gòu)機(jī)床區(qū)別于其他模塊化產(chǎn)品的主要方面。 (2) 冗余問題　用戶在使用一般的模塊化產(chǎn)品時,不需要儲備大量的備用模塊; 但對于可重構(gòu)機(jī)床,為了滿足可重構(gòu)需要,各個用戶都需要儲備比較多的功能模塊,占用大量的資金與場地。這種冗余現(xiàn)象也是可重構(gòu)機(jī)床面臨的主要問題。 (3) 模塊的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化　一般模塊化產(chǎn)品不需要國家級的或行業(yè)級的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化設(shè)計(jì)與制造,因?yàn)楫a(chǎn)品的功能是制造廠家的特色;另一方面,用戶在使用過程中,還沒有可重構(gòu)的實(shí)際需求。因此,某一廠家生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品,往往會排斥其他廠家的模塊?？芍貥?gòu)機(jī)床則正好相反,它可實(shí)施的理論基礎(chǔ)就是國家或行業(yè)級別的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化,只有這樣,才能實(shí)現(xiàn)用戶采用不同廠家的零部件模塊,組合成具有不同功能和性能的機(jī)床,隨機(jī)滿足同一族零件加工的不同工藝要求。這一點(diǎn)與組合機(jī)床很相似。 (4) 模塊的專業(yè)化生產(chǎn)　一般模塊化產(chǎn)品的概念,只局限于制造企業(yè)內(nèi)部,不同企業(yè)的產(chǎn)品模塊之間可以沒有互換性,因此無法組織專業(yè)化生產(chǎn)。組合機(jī)床的出現(xiàn),使通用零部件的專業(yè)化生產(chǎn)得到了發(fā)展,這種專業(yè)化生產(chǎn)既可擴(kuò)大生產(chǎn)規(guī)模,又可以提高產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量,降低成本?？芍貥?gòu)機(jī)床繼承了組合機(jī)床的這一優(yōu)點(diǎn),可有效擴(kuò)大機(jī)床行業(yè)的專業(yè)化生產(chǎn)規(guī)模。 2 　可重構(gòu)機(jī)床零件族加工工藝過程描述 可重構(gòu)機(jī)床是為了某一特定族零件加工的、不可預(yù)測的變化而設(shè)計(jì)的。因此,對一族零件的加工工藝過程創(chuàng)建柔性化描述,并輸出機(jī)床所需完成的加工任務(wù),是設(shè)計(jì)P配置可重構(gòu)機(jī)床的基礎(chǔ)前提。這種柔性化描述方法有別于傳統(tǒng)的、對單一零件的加工工藝過程的描述,所建立的加工工藝過程描述系統(tǒng)具有可重構(gòu)性,因而能夠快速地、柔性地響應(yīng)客戶需求的變化,縮短機(jī)床的設(shè)計(jì)周期,并實(shí)現(xiàn)可重構(gòu)機(jī)床加工任務(wù)分析和模塊設(shè)計(jì)P選擇的集成。為了響應(yīng)產(chǎn)品個性化需求和產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)、工藝的變化,這種描述方法應(yīng)該能夠作動態(tài)的修改、升級和集成。因此,應(yīng)用面向?qū)ο蠹夹g(shù)來描述一族零件的加工工藝過程是合適、有效的。 (1) 面向?qū)ο蟮拿枋? 零件加工工藝過程面向?qū)ο蟮拿枋?是以零件族的制造分層組織為核心,將制造特征和制造知識集成在統(tǒng)一的面向?qū)ο蠼Y(jié)構(gòu)中,包括對零件族每個制造特征和加工操作的識別,以及對這些加工操作整合,使得機(jī)床資源的利用率最大化。面向?qū)ο蠹夹g(shù)中的抽象、封裝、繼承和多態(tài)性特征,提供了描述和處理制造特征的新方法;通過對象的關(guān)聯(lián),描述對象之間的相互依賴,相互作用關(guān)系;信息控制可通過繼承和消息傳遞2 種方式來實(shí)現(xiàn)。零件族加工工藝過程面向?qū)ο竺枋鱿到y(tǒng)中,包括3 個主要模塊:制造特征描述器,用于描述一族零件的制造特征信息,包括幾何形狀信息、制造公差信息、加工工藝信息等;加工過程選擇器,根據(jù)制造特征與加工操作之間的關(guān)系,對零件族每個制造特征,選擇適當(dāng)?shù)募庸し椒?確定一個或一系列加工操作,并選擇切削刀具,確定切削速度、進(jìn)給率、金屬切除率等加工操作參數(shù),以及對每一個制造特征生成刀具路徑文件,包括刀具初始位置、工件定位位置和相應(yīng)每個操作的工具位置(加工操作規(guī)劃) ;加工操作整合器包括:加工操作合并與加工操作整合。最終系統(tǒng)輸出機(jī)床所需完成的加工任務(wù)(運(yùn)動功能模板) 。建立零件族加工工藝過程描述系統(tǒng),可以根據(jù)客戶需要通過不同制造特征的組合、增刪,重新確定特征之間的關(guān)系,并定義族中的不同零件;根據(jù)知識庫中制造特征與加工操作的關(guān)系建立工藝模塊,不同工藝模塊的組合組成不同零件的加工操作規(guī)劃。當(dāng)零件的設(shè)計(jì)或工藝技術(shù)變化時,只需更改、增刪相關(guān)層的對象和集成新的相關(guān)層,而不影響其他層對象,從而使加工工藝過程描述系統(tǒng)具有可重構(gòu)性。 (2) 加工操作的整合 加工操作的整合是對一族零件進(jìn)行加工工藝過程描述中,對零件族所有制造特征(來自零件族中不同零件) 所需要的加工操作,根據(jù)主軸、進(jìn)給和定位運(yùn)動關(guān)系進(jìn)行分組,組成制造特征族的過程,每一個制造特征族對應(yīng)機(jī)床的一個模塊(機(jī)械和控制) 。這個過程是經(jīng)濟(jì)(低成本) 的設(shè)計(jì)可重構(gòu)機(jī)床的關(guān)鍵;因?yàn)樗箼C(jī)床在滿足零件加工功能需求的同時,使用盡可能少的機(jī)床模塊,使機(jī)床資源的利用率和加工效率最大化,而且機(jī)床的轉(zhuǎn)換成本最低。在這里需要考慮加工操作整合的粒度;粒度太大,功能綜合程度過高,影響機(jī)床拼裝時的柔性,機(jī)床精度提高了,但轉(zhuǎn)換成本也隨之提高。粒度太小,機(jī)床模塊的層次和級別低,機(jī)床模塊相對簡單,機(jī)床穩(wěn)定性、精度會降低,但轉(zhuǎn)換成本相對降低了。加工操作整合過程包括2 個方面的內(nèi)容: ①合并相似的加工操作; ②合并不同的加工操作。不管是相似還是不同的加工操作,合并之后都稱為制造特征族,在加工工藝過程面向?qū)ο蠼Ｖ?都被抽象為一個對象。由相似加工操作組成的制造特征族,是一系列來自零件族中不同零件的相似加工操作群;而由不同加工操作組成的制造特征族,是一系列根據(jù)工件相對刀具的運(yùn)動特性,由零件族的不同加工操作組成的多功能加工操作群(如車削操作與鉆削操作的合并) ,這些相似加工操作群和多功能加工操作群,都將在同一臺機(jī)床上完成,其目的是為了最大化地利用機(jī)床資源或提高加工效率。 3 　加工工藝過程描述與可重構(gòu)機(jī)床設(shè)計(jì)的集成 可重構(gòu)機(jī)床的設(shè)計(jì)是客戶化的,這種客戶化與組合機(jī)床設(shè)計(jì)截然不同?？芍貥?gòu)機(jī)床除了需要考慮品種轉(zhuǎn)換和加工效率的問題,更注重的是成本、快速應(yīng)變和軟P硬件的快速升級能力。成本體現(xiàn)在精確的按客戶需求的生產(chǎn)能力和所需功能配置機(jī)床,而且機(jī)床生產(chǎn)能力和功能可以降低成本轉(zhuǎn)換成本;快速應(yīng)變和軟P硬件快速升級能力體現(xiàn)在可重構(gòu)機(jī)床的硬P軟件模塊化、開放式,能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)即插即用。因此,可重構(gòu)機(jī)床設(shè)計(jì)與加工工藝過程描述必須集成,因?yàn)橛杉庸すに囘^程描述系統(tǒng)輸出的加工任務(wù)(運(yùn)動功能模板) 可以直接映射為可重構(gòu)機(jī)床的拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu),這樣根據(jù)機(jī)床的功能、結(jié)構(gòu)圖就可以快速地選擇機(jī)床模塊。為了達(dá)到這種集成設(shè)計(jì)目的,加工工藝過程描述系統(tǒng)、機(jī)床模塊描述系統(tǒng)和機(jī)床控制軟件描述系統(tǒng),都應(yīng)采用統(tǒng)一的、面向?qū)ο蟮慕７椒?。這樣,當(dāng)零件的制造特征發(fā)生變化時,可以通過重構(gòu)加工操作工藝模塊和重構(gòu)控制軟件模塊,并將其映射為機(jī)床模塊和控制模塊,最后輸出滿足需求的機(jī)床配置。 4 　結(jié)語 可重構(gòu)機(jī)床提供了適應(yīng)目前制造環(huán)境變化的切實(shí)可行的方法,可重構(gòu)機(jī)床整個生命周期的操作需求在規(guī)定范圍內(nèi)變化,每個特定周期的可重構(gòu)機(jī)床按當(dāng)前操作需求的客戶化配置,因此,機(jī)床性能好;當(dāng)用戶操作需求改變時,能夠有成本效益的轉(zhuǎn)換,因此,可重構(gòu)機(jī)床沒有資源和功能的浪費(fèi)?？芍貥?gòu)機(jī)床還可以有成本效益的集成新技術(shù),使機(jī)床功能擴(kuò)展?？芍貥?gòu)機(jī)床理念,利用可重構(gòu)的軟P硬件解決了目前機(jī)床存在的2 種情況:一方面由于缺乏柔性而造成報廢和需求不足造成能力過剩;另一方面由于柔性的不確定性導(dǎo)致功能閑置和需求大時機(jī)床效率不夠的棘手問題。因此,可重構(gòu)機(jī)床是一種客戶化的新一代機(jī)床。 Reconfigurable machine and practical technology research Gavin Wright Stanford University April 2003 Abstract: This paper introduces the basic reconfigurable machine features of the machine is different from traditional reconfigurable modular machine design methods and features can be reconstructed through parts machining process ethnic description, and displayed the reconfigurable machine development of the advanced nature and necessity. Reconfigurable machine demonstrated client-oriented design, structural reorganization of the new modular concept. Key words: reconfigurable machine; part family; module standardization; processing integration 1.Reconfigurable Machine Tool Technology Features Reconfigurable machine by machine module integration, machine module should be designed to facilitate the re-allocation of parts processing owners adapt to the new and unpredictable product processing needs change. Its specific scope of the operation, the needs of customers can design, it can be quickly and economically to meet new products processing of conversion needs. Reconfigurable machine compared with the general modular products, with the following characteristics: (1) In the use ofReconfigurability Generally the focus of modular mechanical products, manufactured products are functional, the modular concept and implementation, limited internal manufacturing enterprises. Users are often not aware of the modular product structure, because products in the hands of ordinary users will not change the functions, the machine even if the composition of this is the case. However, the functions of reconfigurable machine in the hands of users is constantly changing, often the product to users of the function, structure and layout of restructuring to adapt to the changes of market demand, which is different from other machine tool reconfigurable modular products main aspects. (2) Redundant problem in the use of Generalmodular products, does not require a large number of reserve backup module; But for reconfigurable machine, in order to meet the reconstruction needs of the various users of the need to reserve more functional modules, which requires huge amounts of capital and venues. This phenomenon is also redundant reconfigurable the main problems facing the machine. (3) Standardization of modules General modular products do not need national or industry-standardized design and manufacturing, because the product is the function of the characteristics of the manufacturer; On the other hand, users can process, not the actual demand can be reconstructed. Therefore, manufacturers of a product, manufacturers tend to exclude other modules. Reconfigurable machine is just the opposite, it can be implemented is the theoretical foundation of the country or industry level standardized, so that users can be achieved using different parts manufacturers module, which combined with different features and performance of the machine, random meet with the owners Parts of the different processing requirements. This machine is very similar to the combination. (4) Modules specialized production General modular product concept, only manufacturing enterprise, the products of different enterprises can no interchangeability between modules, and therefore can not organize a specialized production. Combination Machine have enabled GM parts specialized production and the development of this specialized production can expand the scale of production, but also improve the quality of products and reduce costs. Reconfigurable machine inherited advantages of this combination machine, the machine tool industry can effectively expand the professionalism of the production scale. 2. Reconfigurable processing machine parts Family Process Description Reconfigurable machine to a particular ethnic parts processing, unpredictable changes in the design. Therefore, the owners parts machining process to create flexible description, and the output of the machine required to complete processing tasks, is designed P can be configured based on the premise of Reconstruction machine. This flexible method for describing different from the traditional, single parts machining process description, established by the machining process can be described with reconstruction of the system, which can quickly, flexible and responsive to customer needs change, shortening Machine design cycle and achieve reconfigurable machining tasks analysis and design module of the integrated P-selectin. In response to the demand for personalized products and product design, process changes, which should be able to describe methods for dynamic changes, upgrades and integration. Therefore, the application of object-oriented technology to describe the owners parts machining process is appropriate and effective. (1) A description of the object-oriented Machining Process object-oriented description of the manufacturing is part family hierarchical organization as the core, will create features and manufacturing knowledge integration in a unified object-oriented structure, including parts of the ethnic characteristics of each manufacturing and processing operations identification, as well as integration of these machining operations, makes machine tools to maximize the utilization of resources. Object-oriented technology in the abstract, encapsulation, inheritance and polymorphism characteristics, and provides a description of handling characteristics of the new manufacturing method of the object of the association, described the interdependence between objects, interaction between information control can be adopted Inheritance and messaging are two ways to achieve. Part Family Process object-oriented processing system described, including three main modules: Manufacturing feature description, used to describe the characteristics of family parts manufacturing information, including geometry information, manufacturing tolerance information, such as information processing; selection process , according to the manufacturer and processing characteristics of the relationship between the operation of the parts manufacturing characteristics of each group, the selection of appropriate processing methods to identify one or a series of machining operations, and select cutting tool to identify cutting speed, feed rate, metal removal processing rate of operating parameters, as well as a manufacturing characteristics of each tool path generated documents, including knives initial position, and the corresponding position of the workpiece positioning operation of each tool position (machining operations planning); machining operations Integrator include: mergers and processing operation machining operations integration. Final completion of the required system output machine processing tasks (motor function template). The establishment of Part Family Process describes the processing system may be based on the needs of customers through a combination of features from different manufacturers, additions or deletions to define the relationship between the characteristics and definition of the different ethnic components; According to create knowledge base and the processing characteristics of the operation of the establishment of relations Process Module, a combination of different modules of different parts of the machining operations planning. When parts of the design or technology changes, the only changes, additions and deletions of related objects and integration of new relevant layer, layer without affecting other objects so that the processing system has described the process of reconfiguration. (2) The integration of machining operations. Machining operations on the integration of family parts machining process description, part family all manufacturing features (from the tribe of different parts spare parts) needed machining operations, according to the spindle, feed and positioning campaign relations sub-group Family characteristics of a manufacturing process, every ethnic counterparts machine manufacturing feature a module (mechanical and control). This process is economic (cost) the design of reconfigurable machine key because it makes machine parts to meet the functional requirements of the processing, use as little as possible machine modules, machine utilization and processing resources to maximize efficiency, and the transformation of the lowest cost machine. Here the need to consider the size integrated processing operation; size too big, too high integration of functions, the impact of the flexible assembly machine, machine accuracy is improved, but the conversion cost increases. Size too small, machine modules and the level of low-level, relatively simple machine modules, machine stability, accuracy will be reduced, but relatively lower conversion costs. Machining operations integration process includes two aspects: ① merger similar to the processing operation; ② merging different machining operations. Whether similar or different machining operations after the merger is called manufacturing feature race, in the processing process of object-oriented modeling, has been described as an object. Similar machining operations from the manufacturing component characteristics, and is a series of parts from different parts of the tribe similar machining operations group, and different processing operations from the manufacturing component characteristics, and is a tool in accordance with the workpiece relative of the campaign by parts Family composed of different machining operations-processing operation group (such as turning the operation and the merger of drilling operations), these groups and similar machining operations-processing operation group, will be completed on the same machine, its purpose is to maximize the use of machine resources or improve processing efficiency. 3 .Machining process description and reconfigurable machine tool design integration Reconfigurable machine is designed to be customized, such customers with the combination of different machine tool design. Reconfigurable machine apart from the need to consider the efficiency of conversion and processing issues, pay more attention to the cost, quick response and fast-P hardware upgrade capability. Accurately reflected in the cost of on-demand capacity, and configuration functions for machine tools, and machine tool production capacity and functionality can reduce costs conversion costs; Quick Reaction P hardware and soft capacity reflected in the rapid escalation of reconfigurable hardware P Machine Tool software modules , open, to achieve plug-and-play. Therefore, the reconfigurable processing machine tool design and integration process to be described as the process described by the processing system output processing tasks (motor function template) can be directly mapped into reconfigurable machine topology, in accordance with this machine function, structure Fig can quickly choose the machine modules. In order to achieve this purpose integrated design, machining process description, description of machine module software systems and machine control system description, should adopt a unified, object-oriented modeling method. In this way, when parts manufacturing feature changes, can be reconstructed through the operation of processing modules and reconfigurable control software modules, and its mapping module for the machine tool and control module, the final output to meet the demand for machine tool configuration. 4 .Conclusion Machine provides a reconfigurable manufacturing environment adapt to the current changes in a realistic and practical approach to remodeling the entire life cycle of machine tool demand in the operation of the provisions of the changes in each particular machine cycle can be reconstructed according to the current operation of distribution of demand, Therefore, machine performance good operation when the user needs change, can be cost-effective conversion, therefore, reconfigurable machine does not have the resources and functions of the waste. Reconfigurable machine can also cost-effective integration of new technologies, so that machine tool extensions. Reconfigurable machine concept, the use of reconfigurable hardware solution soft P of the current existence of two kinds of machines: on the one hand due to the lack of flexible caused scrapped due to the lack of demand and excess capacity; on the other hand because of the uncertainty of flexible lead to functional Idle and a great demand for machine tools inefficient when the thorny issue. Therefore, the reconfiguration of the client machine is a new generation of machine tools. 10