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1、Unit 10 Reflections on Life I. Reading questions 1. How did the author explain his curiosity and its importance in his life? The author thought he might inherit his curiosity from his grandfather who came to America alone at the age of 16. I suppose the author thinks curiosity plays an important

2、role in his life since he said, “All my life I have been motivated by curiosity.” 2. The author thinks he knows himself and spends time reflecting. Have you ever thought carefully about your past and your future? Do you think this kind of thinking is necessary in life? Yes, I have ever thought

3、 carefully about my past and my future. I think it is absolutely necessary to think about them because by doing so we can learn from our past experiences and profit from our mistakes. And we can set goals and make plans for the future. It will help us avoid making the same mistakes and have a bright

4、er future. 3. Why does the author take interest in human mind? Because he is more interested in human nature and he has found that lack of communication would lead to the end of civilization. II. text structure 1. Introduction (Para. 1) I feel surprised upon becoming 50 years old. 2. Dif

5、ferent aspects of my life　(Para. 2-13) A. My mind (Para. 2-5) All my life I have been motivated by curiosity. (Para. 2) At the age of 50 my mind is better than ever. (Para. 3) What I know, compared with what I do not know, is like a grain of sand by the sea. (Para. 4) I know my limitat

6、ions ever better than my capabilities. (Para. 5) B. Meaning of life (Para. 6-7) I believe that the individual life can be filled with meaning only through love and work of one’s choice. (Para.6) I have realized my dream of becoming a reporter and then an author. (Para.7) C. Attitude toward

7、s myself and others　(Para. 8-11) The conflict of man with himself is the most troublesome. (Para. 8) I think I know myself better than most people because I spend more time studying myself than anything else. (Para. 9) Human beings are more alike than different. (Para. 10) I get along bet

8、ter with others because I expect less from them, too. (Para. 11) D. My interest in human nature (Para. 12-13) One of the reasons for my regrets is that nothing interests me more than human nature. (Para. 12) I’m rather well equipped to probe the mysteries of the human mind. (Para. 13) 4.

9、 Conclusion (Para. 14) Failures of communication between human beings will lead to the end of civilization. III. sentence study 1. How do I feel upon becoming 50 years old? Surprised. Surprised that I should live so long. Surprised that it should seem so short. Surprised that I am not famous.

10、Surprised that I should be surprised because I am not famous. (Line 1) 在第一段里作者連用了六個 “surprised”以感嘆人生，省略了(I felt) surprised that…, 同時也構(gòu)成了平行排比結(jié)構(gòu)，突出地表現(xiàn)了作者人到五十依然保持了強(qiáng)烈的好奇心和求知欲。 2. How do I feel upon becoming 50 years old? Surprised. Surprised that I should live so long. Surprised that it should se

11、em so short. Surprised that I am not famous. Surprised that I should be surprised because I am not famous. (Line 1) 驚奇。驚奇的是我竟然活了這么長。驚奇的是50年竟然會這么短。驚奇的是我默默無聞。驚奇的是我竟然會因為沒有成名而感到驚奇。 3. 本文較多使用了英語修辭，請判斷下列句子所使用的修辭格： I can concentrate with the intensity of a beam of sunshine focused through a

12、magnifying glass. (Line 9) This is a metaphor. The author means that he can concentrate with great intensity. The intensity of his concentration is compared to that of a beam of sunshine shining through a magnifying glass. 譯文：我能像放大鏡將一束陽光聚焦那樣來聚精會神。 4. My curiosity burns brighter. (Line

13、 13) This is a metaphor. The author means that he becomes more curious than ever. His curiosity is like a fire that burns with more intensity and thus becomes brighter. 譯文：我的好奇心越來越強(qiáng)烈了。 5. What I know, compared with what I do not know, is like a grain of sand by the sea. (Line 15) T

14、his is a simile. The author recognizes the limitations of his knowledge and stresses the immensity of his ignorance. 譯文：我所知的與未知的相比，就好像滄海一粟。我不能肯定世間是否有絕對事物。 6. When she dies an ocean of tears will flow. (Line 28 ) This is a metaphor and hyperbole. The author means that when his wife dies,

15、many people will weep. Their tears are compared to an ocean. 譯文：她若一旦謝世，人們必將淚流成河。 7. It is as though nerve endings had lost touch with one another. (Line 71) This is a simile and personification. The author compares the failure of communication to disconnected nerve endings. The phrase “l(fā)

16、ose touch with” is used to describe people who are no longer communicating with each other, so this sentence involves personification. 譯文：就好像神經(jīng)末端已經(jīng)彼此失去了聯(lián)系。 8. Now that I’ve got rid of much of my guilt, now that I am less rigid about what I expect from myself, I get along better with others beca

17、use I expect less from them, too. (Line 52) now that (相當(dāng)于since) 既然，由于。引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句。不表示直接原因，只是用來說明一種情況。要表示直接原因，需用because, since, as. Now that John has arrived, we can begin our English class. 既然約翰來了，我們可以開始上英語課了。 Now that you are grown up, you must stop this childish behavior. 你既然長大了，就必須停止

18、這種幼稚的舉動。 The?children?looked?lighthearted?now?that?the?final?exam?was?over. 期終考試結(jié)束了，孩子們看上去都很輕松愉快. 9. Although I am not sorry I decided to become a journalist, I wish that early on I had chosen to become a therapist. (Line 60) 盡管我對我決定當(dāng)一名記者并不感到遺憾，但是我仍覺得要是當(dāng)初選擇當(dāng)一名治療專家就好了。 Although I am

19、 not sorry…, I wish that 盡管我并不后悔（過去做的事），但是我希望…… wish 后面的賓語從句用虛擬語氣，說明“實際上他當(dāng)初并沒有選擇做一名治療專家?！? Although I am not sorry I decided to become a teacher, I wish that early on I had chosen to become a tour guide. 盡管我對我決定當(dāng)一名教師并不感到遺憾，但是我仍覺得要是當(dāng)初選擇當(dāng)一名導(dǎo)游就好了。 Although I am not sorry I decided

20、 to practice medicine, I wish that I had chosen to be a freelance writer. 盡管我對決定當(dāng)醫(yī)生并不感到后悔，但是我仍覺得要是當(dāng)初選擇當(dāng)一名自由專欄作家就好了。 Although I am not sorry I decided to go abroad and take a rest, I wish that I had not given up the job so easily. 盡管對我決定出國休息并不感到后悔，但是真希望沒有這么輕易地放棄那份工作。 IV. word study

21、 1. be equipped (Line 64, Para. 13) be equipped for: have the necessary ability or quality for sth. 有資格的；夠格的 be equipped with: have (an ability or quality) 有能力的 很多政治人物有很強(qiáng)的公眾演講能力。 Many politicians are well equipped for public speaking. 剛畢業(yè)的大學(xué)生就有能力做這個工作。 A newly graduated student is equ

22、ipped with enough ability for the job. 2. infinite (adj.) (Line 27, Para. 6) 1) very great and seeming to have to limit in amount or degree極大的 2) without limits in space or time 無限的；無窮無盡的 宇宙是無邊無際的。 The universe is infinite. 教導(dǎo)兒童需有極大的耐心。 Teaching little children takes infinite patie

23、nce. 對比 infinite 和 boundless infinite 最普通用語。表空間時，指沒有界限；指時間時，指永恒；在數(shù)學(xué)上表無窮大。 boundless常用于夸張地形容某物在體積、范圍、數(shù)量等方面超出正常水平而令人震驚。 She has boundless supply of money. 源源不斷的 For the humble and the unfortunate he has infinite love. 無盡的 3. intensity (n.) (Line 10, Para. 3) the quality of being fel

24、t very strongly or having a strong effect 強(qiáng)度；強(qiáng)烈；劇烈 競爭 日益激烈 The intensity of competition in economy / among people is increasing / growing. 情緒 激烈 The government didn’t realize the intensity of people’s feeling on the issue. intense strong in quality or feeling 強(qiáng)烈的；熱烈的；認(rèn)真的 int

25、ensify become more intense 使強(qiáng)化；加劇 intensive which gives a lot of attention or action to a small amount of something 集中的；密集的；深入細(xì)致的 醫(yī)院對重病患者給予深入細(xì)致的照料。 Intensive care in hospitals is given to the seriously ill. 失敗反而使他增強(qiáng)了學(xué)好英語的愿望。 Failure only to intensified his desire succeed in learning E

26、nglish. 與寵物的交流使他從喪失親人的極度悲痛中解脫出來。 Through communicating with his pets, he freed himself from the intense sorrow of losing relatives. 4. motivate (v.) (Line4, Para2) provide someone with a strong desire for doing something 激發(fā)；作為……的動機(jī) motivation (n.) the action or thing that motivates so

27、mething or someone 促動因素；動機(jī) 出于慈善的原因，全家決定支持這個窮孩子上完中學(xué)。 Motivated by a feeling of charity, the whole family decided to support the poor child to finish his secondary education. 他是出自愛心，并不指望得到任何匯報。 He was motivated by love, and expected nothing in return. 帶著強(qiáng)烈的要成為國際影星的動機(jī)，他去了好萊塢。

28、 With a strong motivation to be a world-known star, he went to Hollywood. 5. probe (Line 64, Para. 13) (v.) (about / for / into / on) look for or examine something 探察；探測 (n.) 1) 探針 2) a careful and thorough inquiry or examination (報紙) 詳盡調(diào)查 她試圖弄清小姑娘的思想，看看她在想些什么。 She tried to probe the little g

29、irl’s mind and discover what she was thinking. 那個年輕的記者對黛安娜的死做了詳細(xì)調(diào)查。 The young journalist made a thorough probe into Diana’s death. 6. regardless of (Line 56, Para. 11) without worrying about 不管；不顧；不擔(dān)心 人類肆意 (willfully) 開采森林，置生態(tài)平衡于不顧。 Human beings willfully exploit the forest, regardless

30、 of the ecological balance. 有些人做事不顧后果。 Some people act regardless of what will happen afterwards. regarding / as regards 關(guān)于；有關(guān)（正式；尤指事務(wù)信件） out of regard for… 出于對……的關(guān)心；出于對……的考慮 with best personal regards 謹(jǐn)致本人最親切的問候 in this / that regard 關(guān)于這一點；在這個問題上 A

31、s regards / Regarding the contract, the second paragraph must be changed. In this regard , we agree with each other. Out of regard for you welfare, you shouldn’t leave the company right now. 7. humble (Line 20, Para. 5) (adj.) 1) having a low opinion of oneself and a high opinion of other

32、s 謙遜的；謙卑的；恭順的 2) low in rank or position; unimportant 地位低下的；職位卑下的 (v.) make humble or lower in position 使卑下；壓低（地位、身份） 許多名人驚人地謙虛。 Many famous people are surprisingly humble. 他很快打掉了那個富人的傲氣。 Very soon he humbled the rich man’s pride. 對比 humble 和 modest modest 表示謙虛、謹(jǐn)慎、不炫耀。含義最廣。

33、 humble 指態(tài)度謙遜而顯得卑微。用于褒義，表示謙恭。 我喜歡這個態(tài)度謙虛的女孩，她既不拘束，又不愛夸耀。 I like this modest girl, who is neither shy nor loud. 他對待長者必恭必敬。 He is very humble towards his elders. 8. polish (Line 21, Para. 5) (v.) 1) make or become smooth and shiny by continual rubbing 磨光；擦亮 2) (+ up) make as perfect as po

34、ssible 使盡可能完美 (n.) (U) fine quality or perfection of manners, education, ect. (態(tài)度、教育等) 優(yōu)雅；完美 潤飾講稿 You should spend several more days polishing your lecture draft. 補(bǔ)習(xí)法語 I’ll need to polish up my French if I’m going to France for my holidays. 大學(xué)生活 修養(yǎng) Four years of college gave he

35、r considerable polish. 鞋油 shoe polish 指甲油 nail polish 上光劑 liquid polish 作最后的潤飾 give a final polish 9. resolve (Line 42, Para. 8) (v.) 1) settle or clear up (a difficulty) 解決（困難） 2) decide 決定；下決心 3) (sth. into sth. ) brea

36、k up, separate into 分解；分析；化成 (n.) 1) (fml) a decision 決定；決心 2) the quality of being resolute 堅決；堅定；決心 我們會把這個問題解決得讓你滿意的。 We will resolve the matter to your satisfaction. 他決心不為任何阻礙所挫。 He resolved that nothing should hold him back. He made a resolve that nothing should hold him b

37、ack. 枯燥勞動變成了愉快的享受。 The boring work resolved itself into a pleasant enjoyment. 這種混合物可以分解為兩種簡單物質(zhì)。 The mixture will resolve into two simple substances. 10. rigid (adj.) (Line 52, Para. 11) 1) stiff; unbending 僵硬的；堅挺的；不能彎曲的 2) firm; strict; not changing; not to be changed 堅強(qiáng)的；嚴(yán)厲的；不變的

38、 當(dāng)他第一次去面試的時候，緊張得全身僵硬。 He was rigid with nervousness at the first job interview. 他對婚姻的看法非常固執(zhí)。 He is rather rigid in his ideas on marriage. V. translation 誤譯剖析: 詞類誤譯; 句法誤譯; 對于英文習(xí)慣表達(dá)的誤譯 誤譯剖析 在翻譯過程中，譯者有時會誤解原文的詞義和語法結(jié)構(gòu)，結(jié)果導(dǎo)致譯文的錯誤。這樣的錯誤主要有詞類和句法兩類。 1．選詞錯誤 He was good and angry. ×他又好又

39、生氣。 他非常生氣。 good在good+adj./adv.結(jié)構(gòu)中表示強(qiáng)調(diào)意義，可以譯為“非?！薄? In fact, “l(fā)earning to use a computer” is much more like “l(fā)earning to play a game”, but learning the rules of one game may not help you play a second game, whose rules may not be the same. ×事實上，“學(xué)會使用計算機(jī)”更像“學(xué)習(xí)玩游戲”，但是學(xué)習(xí)一個游戲的規(guī)則無法幫助你去玩第二次，這是因為其規(guī)則或許不同

40、。 事實上，“學(xué)會使用計算機(jī)”更像“學(xué)習(xí)玩游戲”，但是學(xué)習(xí)一種游戲的規(guī)則無法幫助你去玩第二種游戲，這是因為它們的規(guī)則或許不同。 2．拘泥原文詞義 Further ahead, the construction of a vast, man-created world in space, new home to thousands or millions of people, will be within our power. ×進(jìn)一步向前，在太空一個巨大的人造世界的建立，成千上萬人的新家，將在我們的能力之內(nèi)。 進(jìn)一步展望，我們將有能力在太空建立一個巨大的人造世界，它將成為成千上

41、萬人的新家。 翻譯時未對表示抽象意義的詞進(jìn)行具體引申。 3．采用單一的直譯方法，無法清楚表達(dá)句子含義 On the bitter-sweet science at the base of boxing, there is something so great and so grotesque, so pure and so corrupt; it stirs you and makes you shuffle. ×拳擊運(yùn)動有那么點兒既了不起又奇怪，既純潔又腐敗，它刺激你，又讓你發(fā)抖，說到底它是一種苦甜技藝。 拳擊運(yùn)動有那么點兒既妙不可言又荒誕無稽。它既純潔又骯

42、臟，它可以使你激動不已，又可使你不寒而栗，說到底它是一種苦樂參半的技藝。 句法誤譯 1．對原文句法結(jié)構(gòu)理解錯誤 Conflict, defined as opposition among social entities directed against one another, is distinguished from competition, defined as opposition among social entities independently striving for something which is in inadequate supply. ד

43、爭斗”被定義為社會成員之間形成的相互間的對立，它與“競爭”不同，后者是指社會成員獨自為有限的資源進(jìn)行的奮斗。 “爭斗”與“競爭”不同，前者被定義為社會成員之間形成的相互間的對立，后者則是指社會成員獨自為有限的資源進(jìn)行的奮斗。 2．主從結(jié)構(gòu)翻譯錯誤 I can’t trust him because he is honest. ×因為他誠實，所以我不能相信他。 我不能因為他誠實就相信他。 3．長句翻譯錯誤 翻譯英語長句，首先應(yīng)弄清英漢長句的不同特點：漢語只重“意合”，一個較長的漢語句子中往往包含形式并列的幾個謂語動詞或分句；英語中關(guān)聯(lián)詞較多，一般不能省

44、略。因此英語長句漢譯時，首先要弄清原文句子主干之間的語法關(guān)系，抓住句子的中心思想和各層意思之間的時間和邏輯關(guān)系，然后根據(jù)漢語行文習(xí)慣重新加以安排，通常是將主句和從屬部分及修飾部分盡可能轉(zhuǎn)化為漢語的并列謂語形式，用逗號、分號等分開，省去不必要的關(guān)聯(lián)詞。 It gives high rewards to individuals who perform important tasks such as surgery, makes heroes out of individuals for unusual or dangerous achievements such as flying

45、fighter planes in a war, and uses the penal (刑法的) system to make people afraid to engage in antisocial acts. ×它給予個人以高回報，其中包括那些從事諸如外科這類重要工作的人，由于諸如在戰(zhàn)爭中飛戰(zhàn)斗機(jī)所取得非同一般或危險成就而成為英雄，以及使用刑法體系使人們害怕從事反社會行為。 對那些從事諸如外科這類重要工作的個人給予高額回報；將在危險環(huán)境中取得非凡成就的個人，如戰(zhàn)爭中的戰(zhàn)斗機(jī)飛行員，樹立為英雄；采取刑法體系使人們懼怕從事反社會的行為。 對于英文習(xí)慣表達(dá)的

46、誤譯 His best jokes fell flat. ×他最好的笑話都跌倒了。 他那些最令人開心的笑話都不靈了。 The explosion of the space shuttle Challenger (“挑戰(zhàn)者號”航天飛機(jī)) drive home human technology, and there was no ready hand to set it right. ד挑戰(zhàn)者號”航天飛機(jī)的爆炸將人類技術(shù)打回老家；沒有任何準(zhǔn)備好的手正確啟動它。 “挑戰(zhàn)者號”航天飛機(jī)的爆炸徹底否定了人類技術(shù)；沒有任何人作好準(zhǔn)備將其導(dǎo)回正軌。對于英

47、文習(xí)慣表達(dá)的誤譯 常見英語文體主要分為書面語、口語、俚語等。當(dāng)譯者拿到英語原文時，在充分理解語意的基礎(chǔ)上，應(yīng)注意原文文體特點，選擇與之相對應(yīng)的中文語言進(jìn)行翻譯。在翻譯中，只有做到“意思”和“風(fēng)格”都忠實，才能保持原文（話）的精神和面貌，保持原來的特點。也就是說，口語應(yīng)譯得口語化，書面文章應(yīng)譯得像書面語言。 Temples and statures decay, but books survives. ×寺廟和神像會腐爛，而書籍會留下來。（這樣的翻譯很難表現(xiàn)出文章的內(nèi)在神韻。） 寺廟會坍塌，神像會腐朽，而書籍卻流芳百世。（通過采用正規(guī)對仗的書面語言，原句的內(nèi)涵被充分表達(dá)出來。）