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1、Unit 4 Earthquakes,知識(shí)清單,,(一) 基本單詞 1. ________ vi. 爆裂；爆發(fā) n.突然破裂；爆發(fā) 2. ________ v. 破壞；毀壞；消滅 3. ________ v.(使)震驚；震動(dòng) n.休克；打擊；震驚 4. ________ n. 爆發(fā) e.g. There was a burst in the water pipe.,On seeing Jay Chou appear on the stage, the audience ________ cheering. burst in B. burst into C. burst

2、 on D. burst out,2. ruin n. [U] 毀壞; 毀滅; 崩潰 n. [C] (pl.) 廢墟; 遺跡 v. (使)破產(chǎn); (使)墮落; 毀滅 【教材原句】 In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins. 在可怕的15秒鐘內(nèi), 一座大城市就沉淪在一片廢墟之中。,【歸納】 in ruins 嚴(yán)重受損；破敗不堪 fall in/into ruin 滅亡；荒廢 bring...to ruin 使……毀滅; 使……沒(méi)落 go/e to ruin 毀滅；落空 ruin oneself 毀掉自己 ru

3、in one’s health/fame 毀壞某人的健康/名譽(yù),ruin多指因外部原因而受到嚴(yán)重破壞或毀滅，側(cè)重破壞的徹底性，也可用于引申意義； destroy多指徹底地、毀滅性地破壞，含導(dǎo)致無(wú)用，不能或很難再修復(fù)的意味； damage多指對(duì)無(wú)生命物體的損害，造成降低價(jià)值、破壞功能等后果。,ruin destroy damage,用以上單詞完成句子。 1) The rainforests are being __________ at a frightening rate. 2) Many buildings were badly _________ during the war. 3) He

4、r injury _______ her chances of winning the race.,destroyed,damaged,ruined,3. injure vt. 損害; 傷害 【教材原句】 Two-thirds of them died or were injured during the earthquake. 2/3的人在地震中死去或受傷。,【拓展】 injured adj. 受傷的 the injured 傷員 injury n. 傷; 傷口; 傷害 do sb. an injury / do an injury to sb. 傷害某人,injure多指意外事故中

5、受傷，也可指健康、名譽(yù)、感情等的傷害； hurt常指伴有強(qiáng)烈疼痛的創(chuàng)傷，也可指別人的言行給某人的情感造成無(wú)意的、較小的傷害；hurt比injure更為通俗，injure比hurt語(yǔ)氣強(qiáng)。,injure hurt wound harm,wound常指有意的傷害，尤其指在戰(zhàn)斗或攻擊中受傷，身體上出現(xiàn)明顯的傷口，wound也可指對(duì)感情上的傷害； harm 用于表示精神或肉體上的傷害均可，有時(shí)也可指引起不安或不便。還可用于抽象事物，尤其是指不道德的事情。,用以上單詞完成句子。 1) Angus ________ his leg playing football yesterday. 2) Gunmen

6、 killed two people and __________ six others in an attack today. 3) I have never ________ anyone. 4) It ________ me when you talk like that.,injured,wounded,harmed,hurts,4. shock v. (使)震驚; 震動(dòng) n. 休克; 打擊; 震驚 【教材原句】 People shocked. 人們驚呆了。,【歸納】 be shocked at... 對(duì)……感到震驚 be shocked to do sth. 做某事很震

7、驚 be shocked that... 對(duì)……很震驚,5. bury vt. 埋葬；掩埋；隱藏；使沉浸； 使專(zhuān)心；插入；刺入 【教材原句】 The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. 部隊(duì)人員組成小分隊(duì), 將受困的人們挖出來(lái), 將死者掩埋。,【歸納】 bury oneself in sth. 使陷入；埋頭(工作、學(xué)習(xí)) be buried in (doing) sth. 專(zhuān)心致志于某事 be buried in thought 在沉思中 bury in=put

8、 (sb./sth.) into (a grave, earth…) 把……埋入,6. judge v. 判定；判斷 n. 裁判員；法官 【教材原句】 Your speech was heard by a group of five judges, all of whom agreed that it was the best one this year. 評(píng)委會(huì)的五位評(píng)委聽(tīng)了你的演講, 他們都認(rèn)為你的演講是今年最好的。,【歸納】 judging from/by 從……上看，根據(jù)……判斷 as far as I can judge 據(jù)我判斷，我認(rèn)為 judge sb./ sth

9、. from/ by... 從……來(lái)判斷 【提醒】 judging from/ by “從……上看, 根據(jù)……來(lái)判斷”。句首時(shí), 為獨(dú)立成分, 不受句子主語(yǔ)和時(shí)態(tài)影響, 只用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)。,短語(yǔ),1. at an end 終結(jié); 結(jié)束 【教材原句】 It seemed as if the world was at an end. 世界似乎到了末日。,【拓展】 at the end of 在……盡頭; 在……末端 e to an end 結(jié)束 make ends meet 使收支相抵; 量入為出,by the end of 到……結(jié)束時(shí)；到……時(shí)候?yàn)橹?(常與完成時(shí)態(tài)連用) bring s

10、th. to an end 使某事結(jié)束，終止 in the end 最后；終于；最終 end up 結(jié)束；告終,2. dig out 挖掘出; 發(fā)現(xiàn); 翻找出 【教材原句】 The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. 部隊(duì)人員組成小分隊(duì), 將受困的人們挖出來(lái), 將死者掩埋。,【拓展】 dig into 調(diào)查; 鉆研; 通過(guò)翻土把…… 摻入土壤 dig up 挖出; 掘出; 發(fā)現(xiàn); 揭露 dig for sth. 挖尋某物,3. a great number of

11、 許多; 大量的 【教材原句】 Such a great number of people died because the quake happened while they were sleeping. 那么多人喪生是因?yàn)榈卣鸢l(fā)生時(shí)人們正在睡覺(jué)。,a great/ large number of a great/ good many quite a few/ a good few,+ 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù),many a more than one,+ 單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞 + 單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,【歸納】,【拓展】,,,a great/ good deal of a great/ large amount

12、 of quite a little,+ 不可數(shù)名詞,a lot /lots of a great/ large quantity of large quantities of,+ 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) 或不可數(shù)名詞,,,1. It seemed as if the world was at an end. 世界似乎到了末日。 It seems as if/as though... 似乎是…… as if/as though引導(dǎo)的是表語(yǔ)從句, 從 句中可用陳述語(yǔ)氣或虛擬語(yǔ)氣。,句式,【提示】 如果as if/as though引導(dǎo)的從句是“主語(yǔ)＋系動(dòng)詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，且主/從句中主語(yǔ)相同，可省略從句

13、主語(yǔ)和系動(dòng)詞，as if后就只剩下名詞/不定式/形容詞(短語(yǔ))/介詞短語(yǔ)或分詞形式。,2. Thousands of families were killed and many children were left without parents. 成千上萬(wàn)個(gè)家庭遇難, 許多孩子變成了孤兒。 many children were left without parents為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài), without parents為主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ), 表主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)。 句中l(wèi)eave表示使某人或某物處于某種狀態(tài)。,3. All hope was not lost. 不是所有的希望都破滅了。 表示部分否定的句型

14、: all ...not...= not all... 并非所有的……都……,1) all, both, each, every, everybody, everything, pletely, always, whole, entirely 等具有總括意義的代詞、形容詞和副詞與否定詞not連用，無(wú)論not位置如何，均構(gòu)成部分否定，表示“并非都”的意思。,2) no, none, never, nobody, nothing, neither, no one, nowhere, no more, no longer, no way 等表否定意義的詞(組)與肯定式謂語(yǔ)一起使用構(gòu)成“全部否定”。,

15、定語(yǔ)從句是在復(fù)合句中起定語(yǔ)作用，修飾某一名詞、代詞或整個(gè)主句的從句。被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的詞叫先行詞。引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞有 關(guān)系代詞（that, which, who, whom, whose等）和關(guān)系副詞(where, when, why等)。,語(yǔ)法,定語(yǔ)從句—關(guān)系代詞,1. 關(guān)系代詞that與which 定語(yǔ)從句中, 關(guān)系代詞that既可指人也可指 物；which一般用于指物。 e.g. My cousin is no longer the man that he used to be. The old town has narrow streets and small houses t

16、hat / which are built close to each other. Parents should pay attention to the books which / that their kids read.,通常使用that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的情況： ① 先行詞為all, everything, anything, nothing, much, little，none等不定代詞或先行詞被only, few, little, no, all, every, very修飾時(shí)。 e.g. Don’t believe everything that he tells yo

17、u. All the presents that your friends give you on your birthday should be put away.,② 當(dāng)先行詞同時(shí)包括人和物時(shí)。 e.g. Then they talked of the persons and things that interested them. ③ 當(dāng)先行詞前有序數(shù)詞或形容詞的最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)。 e.g. The first thing that must be done now is to put up a tent. Mount Huangshan is one o

18、f the most beautiful mountains in China that I’ve ever visited.,2. 關(guān)系代詞who與whom who指人，主格，作主語(yǔ)，一般可用that替換；whom指人，賓格，作賓語(yǔ)，非正式文體中可用who/that替換，也可省略。 e.g. The man who/ that spoke to the headmaster just now is our physics teacher. The woman (who/ whom/ that) we met at the school gate i

19、s Wei Fang’s mother.,3. 關(guān)系代詞whose whose是who的所有格，作定語(yǔ)，起限定作用。whose引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，先行詞可以是人，也可以是物。 e.g. This is the famous doctor whose daughter teaches in our school. Would you please pass me the book whose cover is blue?,用正確的關(guān)系代詞填空。 1) This is the village __________ I ever visited last year. 2)

20、 I will always remember the days __________ I spent with my grandmother. 3) I will never forget the boy _________ ever helped me. 4) Mr. Smith lives in the room ________ door is green. 5) This is the best movie ________ we have seen this year.,that / which,that/which,who / that,whose,that,新聞報(bào)道是對(duì)最近發(fā)生

21、的事實(shí)的報(bào)道。 【新聞報(bào)道五要素】 寫(xiě)新聞報(bào)道時(shí)，要交代清楚新聞的五要 素，五個(gè)“W”：事件（What）、人物（Who）、時(shí)間（When）、地點(diǎn)（Where）和原因（Why）。有時(shí)還要寫(xiě)明“H”（How）。,寫(xiě)作,如何用英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)新聞報(bào)道,【新聞報(bào)道的構(gòu)成】 新聞報(bào)道一般分為四個(gè)部分：標(biāo)題、 導(dǎo)語(yǔ)、正文、結(jié)語(yǔ)。 1. 標(biāo)題是新聞的題目，是編輯對(duì)最有新聞價(jià)值的內(nèi)容所做的濃縮、概括、提煉和再創(chuàng)造。撰寫(xiě)標(biāo)題是為了獲取新聞要 點(diǎn)、詮釋新聞意義、吸引讀者閱讀。英語(yǔ)新聞標(biāo)題常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，以增強(qiáng)報(bào)道的新鮮感、現(xiàn)實(shí)感和直接感。,2. 導(dǎo)語(yǔ)一般置于報(bào)道開(kāi)頭，作用是吸引讀者的注意力，因此要求導(dǎo)語(yǔ)能高度概括文章內(nèi)容，

22、讓讀者一看就能了解整篇報(bào)道。新聞導(dǎo)語(yǔ)常用一句話描述主要的事實(shí)。,3. 正文是新聞報(bào)道的主要部分，它用充足的事實(shí)展現(xiàn)主題，對(duì)導(dǎo)語(yǔ)內(nèi)容的進(jìn)一步闡 釋。既要簡(jiǎn)潔，又要生動(dòng)。,同時(shí)應(yīng)注意： ★避免使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，多用富含行為動(dòng)詞的陳述句。要簡(jiǎn)潔生動(dòng)，省去不必要的詞 匯。 ★抓住顯著的細(xì)節(jié)進(jìn)行深入描寫(xiě)。 ★語(yǔ)法正確。作為一種媒體寫(xiě)作應(yīng)特別講究語(yǔ)法的準(zhǔn)確性，以免產(chǎn)生不好的影響。要確保句子的完整性，主謂一致，形容詞、副詞、虛擬語(yǔ)氣及從句等的使用要恰當(dāng)。,4. 結(jié)語(yǔ)一般是最后一句或最后一段話，通常對(duì)全文內(nèi)容作概括性的總結(jié)，或?qū)π侣勈录陌l(fā)展趨勢(shì)作出預(yù)測(cè)。有時(shí)，作者根據(jù)報(bào)道的事實(shí)在結(jié)語(yǔ)中提出令人深思的問(wèn)題。,

23、【寫(xiě)作任務(wù)】 5月25日，你校學(xué)生會(huì)組織了為西藏地震災(zāi)區(qū)捐款的活動(dòng)。同學(xué)們踴躍參加，共籌得善款35000元。假如你是校英語(yǔ)報(bào)的記者李華，請(qǐng)按以下要點(diǎn)用英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)一則新聞報(bào)道。 1. 時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、任務(wù)、活動(dòng)； 2. 同學(xué)們的反應(yīng)。,注意： 1. 詞數(shù)100左右； 2. 報(bào)道的標(biāo)題和記者姓名已給出(不計(jì)入總詞數(shù))； 3. 可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。 Students Donate Money to Disaster Area _____________________________________,【參考范文】 Students Donate Money to Disaster Area On

24、 May 25, an activity to donate money to the disaster area in Tibet was held by the Students Union in our school. As we know, a big earthquake hit Nepal on April 25. And some houses in Tibet, which is close to Nepal, were destroyed in the accident.,Therefore, to show our concern to the victims, all

25、of the students in our school took part in the donation activity held in our library. It started from eight oclock and lasted two hours. In the end, 35,000 yuan was collected and given to the Red Cross in our city. We were very glad to give our pocket money away. By Li Hua, School Newspaper,高考鏈接,1.

26、I live next door to a couple _____children often make a lot of noise. (2016年北京卷) A. whose B. why C. where D. which 這是一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。先行詞是a couple，后面的定語(yǔ)從句中名詞children前面缺少定語(yǔ)修飾，所以使用關(guān)系代詞whose引導(dǎo)起這個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，并在句中做定語(yǔ)。BCD三項(xiàng)通常都不能在定語(yǔ)從句中做定語(yǔ)的。Whose children相當(dāng)于the children of whom。,A,2. Scientists have advanced many theo

27、ries about why human beings cry tears, none of ____ has been proved. (2016年江蘇卷) A. whom B. which C. what D. that 句意：關(guān)于人類(lèi)為什么哭的時(shí)候會(huì)流淚， 科學(xué)家已經(jīng)提出了很多理論，沒(méi)有一個(gè)被 證明了。這是定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是 theories，指物，定語(yǔ)從句中用代詞+介詞 +關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)。故選B。,B,2. Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, ______ lived

28、 from roughly 551 to 479 B.C., influenced the development of chopsticks. （2016年全國(guó) III卷） 非限定從中缺主語(yǔ)，且先行詞是 Confucius,指人，故用who。,who,鞏固練習(xí),I. 用括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式填空。 1. We tried all sorts of medicine but they were all ________ (use). 2. Go and play football if you like, but dont get ________ (dirt)! 3. These neg

29、otiations will be __________ (extreme) difficult for the pany.,useless,dirty,extremely,4. The newspaper ________ (report) wrote an account of the accident for the newspaper. 5. She was __________ (frighten) that the plane would crash. 6. We offered our _______________ (congratulate) to Pat on winnin

30、g the singing contest.,reporter,frightened,congratulations,II. 選用方框內(nèi)合適的短語(yǔ)并用其正確形式填空（每個(gè)短語(yǔ)限用一次）。 1. Weve gotten __________________ contributions for the campaign. 2. He was shaking with fright ________ he had seen something frightening.,dig out, in ruins, a great number of, at an end, as if, right away

31、,a great number of,as if,3. It seemed that the world was ________ when he learned that all his savings were gone. 4. Just wait a few minutes. Well be back ____________. 5. More than a dozen people ____________ of the ruins alive after the earthquake. 6. The whole city lay ________ after the earthqua

32、ke.,dig out, in ruins, a great number of, at an end, as if, right away,at an end,right away,were dug out,in ruins,III. 用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空。 1. I must take no notice of their politeness or kindness which was designed to trap me ________ giving information. 2. Youll never solve your problems if you just bury you

33、r head ________ the sand — you have to face them. 3. The high fence gives us some shelter ________ the wind.,into,in,from,4. You rescued me ________ an embarrassing situation. 5. People living in the track ________ the hurricane have been advised to leave their homes until it has passed. 6. Nancy bu

34、rst ________ tears when she heard the bad news.,from,of,into,IV. 用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空。 Are you the kind of person 1. __________ always wonders how things work? Are you a bright young mind 2. ________ dream is to change the world? Is Science your best subject in school? Then there is no reason 3. __________ you

35、 shouldnt make a career out of it. Scientists are very important!,who / that,whose,why / that,They are the ones 4. __________ help save lives, protect the environment and improve our way of life. So, take courses like Physics, Chemistry and Biology in school so that you will have more career options

36、 in the future. There will be many employers 5. _________ will want to make use of your new skills. You can find out more about the ones 6. ____________ interest you from your student counselor.,who / that,who / that,which / that,Just drop by their office when you have some free time to learn more a

37、bout careers in Science. And remember there is nothing 7. ________ you cant do.,that,閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容（1個(gè)單詞）或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。,There are a number of ways in which buildings can be made to better withstand earthquakes. The cheapest way is to make 1. ________ stronger. A building strong enough not 2. _____

38、__________ (destroy) by a large earthquake, however, would probably look 3. ________ like a bunker (地堡) than a nice place to live in. So engineers have looked for 4. ________ ways.,them,to be destroyed,more,other,One way is to make the building flexible so that it swings from side to side rather lik

39、e a tall plant in the wind. Another way is to design it so that it doesnt sit directly on the ground 5. ________ on something that allows it to move a bit with the earthquake and absorb its shock. If only a small part of a building 6. _____ (fall) down in an earthquake, damage can be 7. ________ (gr

40、eat) reduced, so buildings are often designed to do this as well.,but,falls,greatly,8. ____ is expensive to make new earthquake-proof buildings. However, making old ones earthquake-proof costs even more. 9. ________ (need) to say, such prices are too high for poor nations. That is 10. ______ engineers suggest reinforcing (加固) their buildings with steel rods or bars.,It,Needless,why,