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1、第二篇重點(diǎn)專(zhuān)題分層練,中高檔題得高分,第25練數(shù)列的綜合問(wèn)題壓軸大題突破練,,明晰考情 1.命題角度:等差數(shù)列與等比數(shù)列的綜合;等差數(shù)列、等比數(shù)列與其他知識(shí)的綜合. 2.題目難度:數(shù)列在高考中一般是壓軸題,高檔難度.,核心考點(diǎn)突破練,,,欄目索引,,模板答題規(guī)范練,考點(diǎn)一等差數(shù)列、等比數(shù)列的判定與證明,,核心考點(diǎn)突破練,解答,1.(2018江蘇省如東高級(jí)中學(xué)測(cè)試)已知各項(xiàng)均為正數(shù)的數(shù)列an的首項(xiàng)a11, Sn是數(shù)列an的前n項(xiàng)和,且滿(mǎn)足:anSn1an1Snanan1anan1(0,nN*). (1)若a1,a2,a3成等比數(shù)列,求實(shí)數(shù)的值;,令n2,得a2S3a3S2a2a3a2a3,,因?yàn)?/p>
2、0,所以1.,證明,解答,(3)在(2)的條件下,求Sn.,解答,2.從數(shù)列an中取出部分項(xiàng),并將它們按原來(lái)的順序組成一個(gè)數(shù)列,稱(chēng)之為數(shù)列an的一個(gè)子數(shù)列,設(shè)數(shù)列an是一個(gè)首項(xiàng)為a1,公差為d(d0)的無(wú)窮等差數(shù)列(即項(xiàng)數(shù)有無(wú)限項(xiàng)). (1)若a1,a2,a5成等比數(shù)列,求其公比q;,即(a1d)2a1(a14d), 得d22a1d,又d0,于是d2a1,,(2)若a17d,從數(shù)列an中取出第2項(xiàng),第6項(xiàng)作為一個(gè)等比數(shù)列的第1項(xiàng),第2項(xiàng),試問(wèn)該數(shù)列是否為an的無(wú)窮等比子數(shù)列,請(qǐng)說(shuō)明理由.,由題設(shè)ana1(n1)d(n6)d. 假設(shè)數(shù)列bm為an的無(wú)窮等比子數(shù)列, 則對(duì)任意自然數(shù)m(m3),都存
3、在nN*,使anbm,,故該數(shù)列不為an的無(wú)窮等比子數(shù)列.,解答,3.已知數(shù)列an的前n項(xiàng)和為Sn,且滿(mǎn)足:a1a(a0),an1rSn(nN*,rR,r1). (1)求數(shù)列an的通項(xiàng)公式;,解答,解由已知an1rSn,可得an2rSn1, 兩式相減可得an2an1r(Sn1Sn)ran1, 即an2(r1)an1,又a2ra1ra,所以當(dāng)r0時(shí), 數(shù)列an為:a,0,,0,; 當(dāng)r0,r1時(shí),由已知a0,所以an0(nN*),,a2,a3,,an,成等比數(shù)列, 當(dāng)n2時(shí),anr(r1)n2a.,(2)若存在kN*,使得Sk1,Sk,Sk2成等差數(shù)列,試判斷:對(duì)于任意的mN*,且m2,am1,
4、am,am2是否成等差數(shù)列,并證明你的結(jié)論.,解答,解對(duì)于任意的mN*,且m2,am1,am,am2成等差數(shù)列,證明如下:,對(duì)于任意的mN*,且m2,am1,am,am2成等差數(shù)列, 當(dāng)r0,r1時(shí), Sk2Skak1ak2,Sk1Skak1. 若存在kN*,使得Sk1,Sk,Sk2成等差數(shù)列, 則Sk1Sk22Sk, 2Sk2ak1ak22Sk,即ak22ak1, 由(1)知,a2,a3,,am,的公比r12,,于是對(duì)于任意的mN*,且m2,am12am, 從而am24am, am1am22am,即am1,am,am2成等差數(shù)列, 綜上,對(duì)于任意的mN*,且m2,am1,am,am2成等差數(shù)
5、列.,4.(2018連云港期末)設(shè)an是公差為d(d0)且各項(xiàng)為正數(shù)的等差數(shù)列,bn是公比為q且各項(xiàng)均為正數(shù)的等比數(shù)列,cnanbn(nN*).,證明,(2)若a1b12, c220, c364. 求數(shù)列an與bn的通項(xiàng)公式;,解答,解因?yàn)閍1b12, c220, c364,,則an3n1, bn2n.,求數(shù)列cn的前n項(xiàng)和Sn.,解因?yàn)閍n3n1, bn2n,所以cn(3n1)2n,,2Sn222523(3n4)2n(3n1)2n1, ,412(2n11)(3n1)2n1 (3n4)2n18, 所以Sn(3n4)2n18.,解答,考點(diǎn)二等差數(shù)列、等比數(shù)列和其他知識(shí)的綜合,方法技巧數(shù)列和其他
6、知識(shí)的綜合問(wèn)題解題的關(guān)鍵是通過(guò)對(duì)其他知識(shí)的轉(zhuǎn)化得到數(shù)列的通項(xiàng)關(guān)系式或遞推關(guān)系式.,解答,5.(2018江蘇省如東高級(jí)中學(xué)期中)設(shè)數(shù)列an的前n項(xiàng)和為Sn,且滿(mǎn)足Snn2(nN*). (1)記bn ,求數(shù)列bn的前n項(xiàng)和Tn;,解因?yàn)镾nn2(nN*),當(dāng)n1時(shí),a1S11, 當(dāng)n2時(shí),anSnSn1 n2(n1)2 2n1, 對(duì)n1適用, 所以an2n1(nN*),所以bn 22n124n1,,,解答,6.已知數(shù)列an的前n項(xiàng)和為Sn,數(shù)列Sn的前n項(xiàng)和為T(mén)n,滿(mǎn)足Tn2Snn2. (1)證明數(shù)列an2是等比數(shù)列,并求出數(shù)列an的通項(xiàng)公式; 解由Tn2Snn2,得a1S1T12S11,解得a
7、1S11, 由S1S22S24,解得a24. 當(dāng)n2時(shí),SnTnTn1 2Snn22Sn1(n1)2, 即Sn2Sn12n1, Sn12Sn2n1, 由得an12an2, an122(an2),又a222(a12), 數(shù)列an2是以a123為首項(xiàng),2為公比的等比數(shù)列, an232n1,即an32n12(nN*).,解答,解答,(2)設(shè)bnnan,求數(shù)列bn的前n項(xiàng)和Kn.,解bn3n2n12n, Kn3(120221n2n1)2(12n) 3(120221n2n1)n2n. 記Rn120221n2n1, 2Rn121222(n1)2n1n2n, 由,得Rn2021222n1n2n,Rn(n1)
8、2n1.,Kn3(n1)2nn2n3(nN*).,解答,7.已知數(shù)列an,如果數(shù)列bn滿(mǎn)足b1a1,bnanan1,n2,nN*,則稱(chēng)數(shù)列bn是數(shù)列an的“生成數(shù)列”. (1)若數(shù)列an的通項(xiàng)為ann,寫(xiě)出數(shù)列an的“生成數(shù)列”bn的通項(xiàng)公式; 解當(dāng)n2時(shí),bnanan12n1, 當(dāng)n1時(shí),b1a11適合上式, bn2n1(nN*).,(2)若數(shù)列cn的通項(xiàng)為cn2nb(其中b為常數(shù)),試問(wèn)數(shù)列cn的“生成數(shù)列”qn是不是等差數(shù)列,請(qǐng)說(shuō)明理由;,當(dāng)b0時(shí),qn4n2,由于qn1qn4, 此時(shí)數(shù)列cn的“生成數(shù)列”qn是等差數(shù)列. 當(dāng)b0時(shí),由于q1c12b,q262b,q3102b, 此時(shí)q2
9、q1q3q2, 數(shù)列cn的“生成數(shù)列”qn不是等差數(shù)列. 綜上,當(dāng)b0時(shí),qn是等差數(shù)列;當(dāng)b0時(shí),qn不是等差數(shù)列.,解答,解答,(3)已知數(shù)列dn的通項(xiàng)為dn2nn,求數(shù)列dn的“生成數(shù)列”pn的前n項(xiàng)和Tn.,當(dāng)n1時(shí),Tn3(323)(3225)(32n12n1), Tn33(222232n1)(3572n1)32nn24. 又當(dāng)n1時(shí),T13,適合上式, Tn32nn24.,8.已知數(shù)列an中,a11,a2a,且an1k(anan2)對(duì)任意正整數(shù)都成立,數(shù)列an的前n項(xiàng)和為Sn.,所以數(shù)列an是等差數(shù)列, 此時(shí)首項(xiàng)a11,公差da2a1a1,,解答,(2)是否存在實(shí)數(shù)k,使數(shù)列an是
10、公比不為1的等比數(shù)列,且對(duì)任意相鄰三項(xiàng)am,am1,am2,按某順序排列后成等差數(shù)列?若存在,求出所有k的值,若不存在,請(qǐng)說(shuō)明理由;,解答,所以amam1,am1am,am2am1.,若am1為等差中項(xiàng),則2am1amam2, 即2amam1am1,解得a1,不合題意; 若am為等差中項(xiàng),則2amam1am2, 即2am1amam1, 化簡(jiǎn)得a2a20,解得a2(舍去a1),,若am2為等差中項(xiàng),則2am2am1am, 即2am1amam1,,解答,an2an1(an1an),an3an2(an2an1)an1an. 當(dāng)n是偶數(shù)時(shí), Sna1a2a3a4an1an (a1a2)(a3a4)(a
11、n1an),當(dāng)n為奇數(shù)且n3時(shí), Sna1a2a3a4an1an a1(a2a3)(a4a5)(an1an),當(dāng)n1時(shí)也適合上式.,,模板答題規(guī)范練,模板體驗(yàn),例(16分)已知單調(diào)遞增的等比數(shù)列an滿(mǎn)足:a2a3a428,且a32是a2,a4的等差中項(xiàng). (1)求數(shù)列an的通項(xiàng)公式; (2)若bnan an,Snb1b2bn,求使Snn2n130成立 的正整數(shù)n的最小值.,,審題路線圖,規(guī)范解答評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn),解設(shè)等比數(shù)列an的首項(xiàng)為a1,公比為q. 由題意知2(a32)a2a4,代入a2a3a428, 可得a38,所以a2a420,,又?jǐn)?shù)列an單調(diào)遞增,所以q2,a12, 所以數(shù)列an的通項(xiàng)
12、公式為an2n. 8分,(2)因?yàn)閎nan an2n 2nn2n, 9分,所以Sn(12222n2n), 2Sn122223(n1)2nn2n1, 兩式相減,得Sn222232nn2n12n12n2n1. 12分 又Snn2n130, 可得2n1230,即2n13225, 14分 所以n15,即n4. 所以使Snn2n130成立的正整數(shù)n的最小值為5. 16分,構(gòu)建答題模板 第一步求通項(xiàng):根據(jù)題目條件,列方程(組)求解,得到數(shù)列的通項(xiàng)公式. 第二步求和:根據(jù)數(shù)列的類(lèi)型,選擇適當(dāng)方法求出數(shù)列的前n項(xiàng)和. 第三步求最值:根據(jù)題目條件,建立相應(yīng)的函數(shù)或不等式,通過(guò)相
13、應(yīng)函數(shù)最值或不等式求出最值,注意n的取值.,規(guī)范演練,(1)求數(shù)列an的通項(xiàng)公式;,解設(shè)等比數(shù)列an的公比q0,,a11,q2, an2n1(nN*).,解答,解答,解bn4n1(n1), Sn(10)(411)(422)4n1(n1) (141424n1)012(n1),2.已知數(shù)列an滿(mǎn)足a11,an13an1.,解答,因?yàn)楫?dāng)n1時(shí),3n123n1,,證明,解答,3.已知數(shù)列an滿(mǎn)足a1 ,an1anp3n1nq,nN*,p,qR. (1)若q0,且數(shù)列an為等比數(shù)列,求p的值;,解若q0,則an1anp3n1. 設(shè)等比數(shù)列an的公比為r. 若r1,則p0;,此時(shí)an1ana1(r1)rn
14、1p3n13n1, 所以p1. 綜上所述,p0或p1.,(2)若p1,且a4為數(shù)列an的最小項(xiàng),求q的取值范圍. 解若p1,則an1an3n1qn,nN*, 因?yàn)閍4是數(shù)列an的最小項(xiàng),,此時(shí),a2a11q0,a3a232q0. 記f(n)an1an3n1qn(nN*), 考慮f(n1)f(n)23n1q,當(dāng)n4時(shí),f(n1)f(n)f(4)0. 綜上,a1a2a3a4,且a4a5a6a7,滿(mǎn)足題意.,解答,解答,4.若數(shù)列an中存在三項(xiàng),按一定次序排列構(gòu)成等比數(shù)列,則稱(chēng)an為“等比源數(shù)列”. (1)已知在數(shù)列an中,a12,an12an1. 求an的通項(xiàng)公式; 解由an12an1,得an11
15、2(an1), 且a111, 所以數(shù)列an1是首項(xiàng)為1,公比為2的等比數(shù)列. 所以an12n1, 所以數(shù)列an的通項(xiàng)公式為an2n11.,試判斷an是否為“等比源數(shù)列”,并證明你的結(jié)論;,解答,解數(shù)列an不是“等比源數(shù)列”,用反證法證明如下: 假設(shè)數(shù)列an是“等比源數(shù)列”, 則存在三項(xiàng)am,an,ak(mnk)按一定次序排列構(gòu)成等比數(shù)列. 因?yàn)閍n2n11,所以amanak,,即22n222n112mk22m12k11, 兩邊同時(shí)乘21m,得到22nm12nm12k112km, 即22nm12nm12k12km1, 又mnk,m,n,kN*, 所以2nm11,nm12,k12,km2,,所以2
16、2nm12nm12k12km必為偶數(shù),不可能為1. 所以數(shù)列an中不存在任何三項(xiàng),按一定次序排列構(gòu)成等比數(shù)列. 綜上可得數(shù)列an不是“等比源數(shù)列”.,證明,(2)已知數(shù)列an為等差數(shù)列,且a10,anZ(nN*). 求證:an為“等比源數(shù)列”.,證明不妨設(shè)等差數(shù)列an的公差d0. 當(dāng)d0時(shí),等差數(shù)列an為非零常數(shù)數(shù)列,數(shù)列an為“等比源數(shù)列”. 當(dāng)d0時(shí),因?yàn)閍nZ,則d1,且dZ,所以數(shù)列an中必有一項(xiàng)am0. 為了使an為“等比源數(shù)列”, 只需要an中存在第m項(xiàng),第n項(xiàng),第k項(xiàng)(mnk),,即am(nm)d2amam(km)d, 即(nm)2am(nm)dam(km)成立. 當(dāng)namm,k2amamdm時(shí),上式成立. 所以an中存在am,an,ak成等比數(shù)列. 所以數(shù)列an為“等比源數(shù)列”.,本課結(jié)束,