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Section Ⅲ Learning about Language & Using Language,?Step One：Words and Phrases Ⅰ.詞匯知識(shí) 1．__________ (adj.) 積極的；肯定的；確實(shí)的 2． __________ (n.) 移動(dòng)；運(yùn)動(dòng)；動(dòng)作 3． __________ (adj. & adv.) 向后地(的)；相反地(的)；退步地(的),positive,movement,backward,4． ______ (vt. & vi.) (使)旋轉(zhuǎn)；紡(線或紗) 5． __________ (adj.) 熱情的；熱心的 6．reject (vt.) _____________________ 7．universe (n.) _____________ 8．creative (adj.) _______________________ ____________________________,spin,enthusiastic,拒絕；不接受；拋棄,宇宙；世界,有創(chuàng)造力的；創(chuàng)造性的；獨(dú)創(chuàng)的,Ⅱ.重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ) 1． ______________ 對(duì)……嚴(yán)格 2． ______________ 對(duì)……有信心 3． ______________ 對(duì)……積極 4． ______________ 擅長(zhǎng)…… 5． ______________ 有意義，講得通,be strict with,be confident in,be positive in,be good at,make sense,6． ______________________對(duì)……謹(jǐn)慎 7．prepare for ______________ 8．punish sb.for sth. ____________________ 9．encourage sb.to do _________________ 10．lead to ________,be cautious of / about,為……作準(zhǔn)備,因?yàn)槟呈露鴳土P某人,鼓勵(lì)某人干某事,導(dǎo)致,?Step Two：Fast Reading Scan the text and then find out the main idea of each paragraph. A．New observations didn’t agree with the old theory about the earth. B．Copernicus’ theory is the basis of modern science about the universe. C．Copernicus was puzzled as he found the earth was not the centre of the solar system.,D．Copernicus’ new theory that the sun was the centre could explain all the phenomena. E．Copernicus improved his theory by collecting observations and using his mathematical knowledge.,Paragraph 1：_____ Paragraph 2： _____ Paragraph 3： _____ Paragraph 4： _____ Paragraph 5： _____,C,A,E,B,D,?Step Three：Careful Reading Read the text and answer these questions. 1．What made Copernicus confused? 答案：__________________________________ ________________________________________,His discover that the earth was not the centre of the solar system.,2．Why could Copernicus not tell anyone about his theory? 答案：________________________________ ______________________________________ 3．How did Copernicus prove his theory? 答案：________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________,Because the Christian Church would punish him.,He had collected observations of the stars and used all his mathematical knowledge to explain them.,4．What did Copernicus do in 1514? 答案：_________________________________ _____________ 5．When did Copernicus publish his theory? 答案：________________________________ ___________________________________,He showed his theory privately to his friends.,He published it in 1543，when he was dying.,1contribute vt. & vi.捐獻(xiàn)；貢獻(xiàn)；捐助 歸納拓展,①Delegates from both developing and developed nations have urged the United States to show sincerity and contribute more to the progress of climate negotiations at the U．N’s climate change conference here Wednesday. 在星期三舉行的聯(lián)合國(guó)氣候變化大會(huì)上，來(lái)自發(fā)展中國(guó)家和發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的代表已敦促美國(guó)拿出誠(chéng)意，推進(jìn)氣候變化談判的進(jìn)程。,②She contributed a number of articles to the magazine.她給這家雜志撰寫(xiě)了一些稿件。 ③Lack of confidence contributed to his failure.缺乏信心導(dǎo)致了他的失敗。,④Many people contributed money to the poor boy，which contributed to his returning to school.A writer wrote a story about this and contributed it to a newspaper.好多人給那個(gè)可憐的孩子捐錢(qián)，使他可以重返校園。一位作家寫(xiě)了一篇關(guān)于此事的故事并把它投到了報(bào)社。 【聯(lián)想】 contribution n．貢獻(xiàn)；捐獻(xiàn),2apart from. 除……之外；此外 (教材原句)Apart from the construction mentioned above，you have also learned the following phrases. 除了上面提到的結(jié)構(gòu)外,你還學(xué)過(guò)下面的短語(yǔ)。 ①Apart from a few words，I do not know any French at all. 除了會(huì)說(shuō)這幾個(gè)單詞外,我根本就不懂法語(yǔ)。,②Apart from his intelligence，he was tirelessly industrious. 除了很聰穎之外，他還是一個(gè)孜孜不倦的勤奮的人。 ③Apart from grammar，this article is all right. 除語(yǔ)法外，這篇文章還是不錯(cuò)的。,[易混辨析] apart from/besides/except/except for,巧學(xué)活用 1－1補(bǔ)全句子 他向?yàn)?zāi)區(qū)捐助了100萬(wàn)美元。 He ____________ one million dollars ________ the flooded area.,contributed,to,1－2單項(xiàng)填空 The scientist’s research has ________ much ________ the development of the project. A．contributed；for B．devoted；to C．contributed；to D．donated；to,解析：選C。句意：這個(gè)科學(xué)家的研究有助于這一項(xiàng)目的發(fā)展。contribute to.是“有助于；促成”之意，相當(dāng)于make for；而devote.to.相當(dāng)于donate.to.是“把……奉獻(xiàn)給……；把……貢獻(xiàn)給……”之意。,2－1同義句改寫(xiě) He also presented me with two notebooks as well as the pen. →____________________，he also presented me with two notebooks.,Apart from the pen,2－2單項(xiàng)填空 In general，he is a kind and easy-going person ________ his carelessness. A．besides B．except C．a(chǎn)part from D．far from,解析：選C。句意：大體而言，除了粗心外，他是一個(gè)和藹可親容易相處的人。apart from“除了……外”之意，相當(dāng)于except for；而besides “還有”；except“除去……外”；far from“遠(yuǎn)非，絕不是”。,【聯(lián)想】 aside from.除了……之外,3 be strict with sb. 對(duì)……嚴(yán)格 be strict in/about sth.對(duì)某事物要求嚴(yán)格,歸納拓展 ①Considering that he is just a child，she was not very strict with him. 考慮到他只是個(gè)孩子，她沒(méi)有太嚴(yán)格要求他。 ②The teacher is strict in his students’ homework. 老師對(duì)學(xué)生的家庭作業(yè)要求合格。,③John is a doctor and he is strict about his work. 約翰是醫(yī)生，他對(duì)工作一絲不茍。 4make sense 講得通；有意義 (教材原句) Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky makesense. 只有當(dāng)你把太陽(yáng)放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的運(yùn)動(dòng)才能夠說(shuō)得清楚。,make sense of 弄懂……的意義； 搞清楚……的意思 in a/some sense 從某種意義上,歸納拓展 ①This sentence just doesn’t make sense，no matter how you read it. 無(wú)論你怎樣讀這個(gè)句子，它還是講不通。 ②With the help of my English teacher，I made sense of the passage. 在英語(yǔ)老師的幫助下，我理解了這段文章。,③In a sense，what he said is not in agreement with what he did. 從某種意義上說(shuō)，他言行不一致。,5enthusiastic adj.熱情的；熱心的 (教材原句)His friends were enthusiastic and encouraged him to publish his ideas，but Copernicus was cautious. 他的朋友們都很感興趣并鼓勵(lì)他發(fā)表他的理論，但是哥白尼很小心。 be enthusiastic about 對(duì)……熱心；熱衷于……,歸納拓展 ①She is very enthusiastic about school activities. 她對(duì)學(xué)校的活動(dòng)非常熱心。 ②My little brother is very enthusiastic about going to kindergarten. 我小弟弟非常熱衷于上幼稚園。,③The music was performed by the girl before an enthusiastic audience. 這個(gè)女孩在熱情的聽(tīng)眾之前演奏音樂(lè)。 【聯(lián)想】 enthusiasm n．熱情；熱心,6cautious adj.謹(jǐn)慎的；小心的 (教材原句)His friends were enthusiastic and encouraged him to publish his ideas，but Copernicus was cautious. 他的朋友們都很感興趣并鼓勵(lì)他發(fā)表他的理論，但是哥白尼很小心。,be cautious about/of.小心……； 對(duì)……謹(jǐn)慎 be cautious to do 做某事,歸納拓展 3－1補(bǔ)全句子 我是由外婆撫養(yǎng)大的，外婆對(duì)我的教育很?chē)?yán)格。 I was brought up by my grandma and she ________________________.,was very strict with me,3－2單項(xiàng)填空 He was very ________ with us during the training and very kind to us afterwards. A．seriously B．strict C．tough D．concerned,解析：選B。句意：在訓(xùn)練時(shí)，他對(duì)我們非常嚴(yán)格，但是訓(xùn)練過(guò)后，他會(huì)對(duì)我們非常和藹。與后面的kind相呼應(yīng)，故此處用strict表示“嚴(yán)格的”；be strict with sb.是“對(duì)某人嚴(yán)格要求”之意，符合語(yǔ)境；而seriously是副詞，意為“嚴(yán)肅地，認(rèn)真地”；tough“艱難的，堅(jiān)硬的”；concerned“擔(dān)憂的”。,4－1同義句改寫(xiě) I can’t understand the meaning of the sentence even if the teacher has explained it to me once again. →I can’t ________________ the sentence even if the teacher has explained it to me once again.,make sense of,4－2單項(xiàng)填空 With time going by，you will ________ the meaning of the saying. A．make sense B．make up C．make sense of D．know about,解析：選C。句意：隨著時(shí)間的推移，你會(huì)理解這句諺語(yǔ)的意義的。make sense of是“理解……”之意，符合語(yǔ)境；而make sense“……講得通；有意義”；make up“組成；構(gòu)成”；know about“了解”。,5－1翻譯句子 他熱衷于體育運(yùn)動(dòng)。 ______________________________________ 5－2單項(xiàng)填空 Once he was a/an ________ football player，but recently he seems to have become uninterested.,He is enthusiastic about sports.,A．curious B．indifferent C．warm-hearted D．Enthusiastic 解析：選D。句意：過(guò)去他對(duì)足球很熱心，可是近來(lái)他好象變得沒(méi)有興趣了。enthusiastic是“熱情的，熱心的”，與后面的uninterested“不感興趣的”形成反義復(fù)現(xiàn)；curious“好奇的”；indifferent“漠不關(guān)心的；冷淡的”；warm-hearted“熱心腸的”。,6－1補(bǔ)全句子 他十分謹(jǐn)慎，從不輕易給別人提建議。 He is very ____________________ offering advice. ①M(fèi)y friends around me were always very cautious of being cheated. 我周?chē)呐笥芽偸欠浅Ｐ⌒氖茯_。,cautious about/of,②The boss is cautious about making promise.老板從不輕易作出承諾。 ③She is cautious not to walk alone at night.她很小心晚上不獨(dú)行。 【聯(lián)想】 cautiously adv.小心地；謹(jǐn)慎地 caution n．小心；謹(jǐn)慎 with caution 小心地；謹(jǐn)慎地,7reject vt.拒絕；不接受；摒棄 (教材原句)The Christian Church rejected his theory，saying it was against God’s idea and people who supported it would be attacked. 基督教會(huì)拒絕接受他的理論，聲稱(chēng)它違背上帝的旨意，那些支持它的人要受到攻擊。,①Badminton has become the latest sport to reject a possible money-saving switch to Wembley Arena at the 2012 London Olympics. 羽毛球在2012年倫敦奧運(yùn)會(huì)上已成為拒絕一個(gè)對(duì)溫布利體育場(chǎng)可能省錢(qián)計(jì)劃的最新運(yùn)動(dòng)。 ②He rejected my offer of help.他拒絕了我的援助提議。 ③The proposal was rejected by the committee.提案遭到委員會(huì)否決。,[易混辨析] reject/refuse,【聯(lián)想】 rejection n．拒絕 6－2單項(xiàng)填空 She is intensely ________not to make mistakes in spelling. A．cautious B．careless C．a(chǎn)nxious D．upset,解析：選A。句意：她非常小心，免得出現(xiàn)拼寫(xiě)錯(cuò)誤。 cautious是“謹(jǐn)慎的”，符合語(yǔ)境；而careless“粗心的”；anxious“焦急的”；upset“心煩意亂的”。,7－1同義句改寫(xiě) He was turned down by the club because of his overage. →He ________________ by the club because of his overage.,was rejected,7－2單項(xiàng)填空 Sometimes even if you are totally qualified for the job you may still be________. A．a(chǎn)pproved B．a(chǎn)ppreciated C．rejected D．a(chǎn)llowed,解析：選C。句意：有時(shí)候，即使你完全有資格勝任這份工作，你仍然有可能遭到拒絕。reject是“拒絕”之意，與題干中的even if.相呼應(yīng)；而approve“同意，批準(zhǔn)”；appreciate“欣賞”；allow“允許”。,1(教材原句)Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense. 只有當(dāng)你把太陽(yáng)放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的運(yùn)動(dòng)才能夠講得通。 [句法分析] only 修飾狀語(yǔ)并且位于句首時(shí),主句用部分倒裝語(yǔ)序。即把主句中的助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或系動(dòng)詞be置于主語(yǔ)前。,①Only in this way can we solve this problem. 只有用這種辦法，你才能解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題。 ②Only when he read the newspaper did he know the story. 他看了報(bào)紙后才知道那則報(bào)道。 ③Only if you study hard can you get good results. 只有你肯努力，才能得到好的學(xué)習(xí)成績(jī)。,【點(diǎn)津提示】 only修飾主語(yǔ)位于句首時(shí)，用正常語(yǔ)序。 ④Only she can persuade him to give up smoking. 只有她才能夠勸說(shuō)他戒掉煙。,[易混辨析] only if/if only,巧學(xué)活用 1－1補(bǔ)全句子 (1)只有盡了最大的努力，你將來(lái)才不會(huì)后悔。 Only if you try your best __________________in the futue.,will you not regret,1－2單項(xiàng)填空 ________we continue to work hard，can we fulfill the task ahead. A．As soon as B．If only C．As well as D．Only if,解析：選D。句意：只要我們繼續(xù)努力工作，我們就能提前完成任務(wù)。only if是“只要……”之意，符合語(yǔ)境；as soon as“一……就……”；as well as“和……；也……”； if only“要是……就好了”。,2(教材原句)He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it and only the moon still going round the earth. 他把固定著的太陽(yáng)放在太陽(yáng)系的中心位置，行星都繞著太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)，只有月球仍然繞著地球轉(zhuǎn)。,[句法分析] (1)and后面承前省略了with，即with only the moon still going round the earth。 (2)句中的“with ＋the planets ＋going round it”以及“with only the moon still going round the earth”均是“with＋賓語(yǔ)＋賓補(bǔ)”的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，在句中作狀語(yǔ)。 with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的形式：,with ＋名詞/代詞＋adj./adv. with＋名詞/代詞＋介詞短語(yǔ) with＋名詞/代詞＋現(xiàn)在分詞(表示主動(dòng)和進(jìn)行) with＋名詞/代詞＋過(guò)去分詞(表示被動(dòng)和完成) with＋名詞/代詞＋不定式(表示動(dòng)作未發(fā)生),歸納拓展 ①They left the room with the lights still on. 他們離開(kāi)了房間，燈還亮著。 ②With him leading the way，we got to the mountain village ahead of time. 由他帶路，我們提前到達(dá)那個(gè)山村。,③With the work finished，they went out to play. 任務(wù)做完了，她們出去玩去了。 ④With nothing to do，I went out for a walk. 由于沒(méi)有什么事情可做，我便到外面去散步。,2－1補(bǔ)全句子 愛(ài)麗絲穿著鞋躺在床上。 Alice was lying on the bed ______________________.,with her shoes on,2－2單項(xiàng)填空 The living room is clean and tidy，with a dining table already ________ for a meal to be cooked. A．laid B．laying C．to lay D．being laid,解析：選A。句意：客廳干凈、整潔，一張餐桌已經(jīng)擺好，就等著煮飯了。table與lay之間是動(dòng)詞和賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系，故用過(guò)去分詞laid作with的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，表示被動(dòng)和完成的意義。,同學(xué)們,來(lái)學(xué)校和回家的路上要注意安全,同學(xué)們,來(lái)學(xué)校和回家的路上要注意安全,