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1、Unit 1 Friendship,知識(shí)清單,1. _______ adj. 心煩意亂的; 不安的; 不適的 vt. 使不安; 使心煩 2. _______ vt. 不理睬；忽視 3. _______ vt. (利害)關(guān)系,upset,ignore,calm,concern,(一) 基本單詞,單詞,5. _______ vi. 安家; 定居; 停留 vt. 使定居; 安排; 解決 6. ______ vt. 表示謝意的,settle,recover,teenager,suffer,grateful,exactly,11. _________ adv. 在戶外; 在野外 __

2、_______ adv. 在室內(nèi); 在戶內(nèi) 12. ________ adj. 整個(gè)的; 完全的; 全部的 ________ adv.完全地; 全然地; 整個(gè)地 13. __________ n. 能力; 力量; 權(quán)力 __________ adj. 強(qiáng)大的; 強(qiáng)有力的 __________ adj. 無(wú)力的; 無(wú)權(quán)力的,entirely,entire,indoors,powerless,outdoors,power,powerful,(二)派生單詞,1. 合計(jì) 2. (使)平靜下來(lái); (使)鎮(zhèn)定下來(lái) 3. 關(guān)心; 掛念 4. 經(jīng)歷; 經(jīng)受; 完成; 仔細(xì)檢查 5. 記下; 放下; 登記

3、,add up,calm down,be concerned about,go through,set down,短語(yǔ),6. 一連串的; 一系列; 一套 7. 故意地;有目的地 8. 對(duì)厭煩 9. 與相處; 進(jìn)展 10. 加入; 參加,a series of,on purpose,get/be tired of,get along with,join in,核心要點(diǎn),1. upset adj. 心煩意亂的; 不安的; 不適的 vt. 使不安; 使心煩; 弄翻; 打翻; 打 亂; 擾亂(計(jì)劃等) 【教材原句】 Your friend es to school very u

4、pset. 你的朋友來(lái)上學(xué)時(shí)心情很不好。,單詞,be upset about/over/at sth. 為某事煩心 (sth.) upset sb. (某事)使人心煩意亂 (sb.) upset sth. (某人) 打翻/弄翻某物 It upsets sb. that... 使人心煩的是 (it作形式主語(yǔ)) It upsets sb. to do sth. 做某事使某人心煩 (it作形式主語(yǔ)),【歸納】,【提示】 upset為表語(yǔ)形容詞, 不用作定語(yǔ)。 upset的過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞形式為upset。 upset的現(xiàn)在分詞形式為upsetting。,2. calm vt. 鎮(zhèn)靜 【教材原句

5、】 You will ignore the bell and go somewhere quiet to calm your friend down. 你可以不管鈴聲,去一個(gè)安靜的地方,安慰你的朋友讓他冷靜下來(lái)。,【歸納】 calm sb. down 使某人平靜下來(lái) calm down 平靜/鎮(zhèn)靜下來(lái) keep/ be calm 保持鎮(zhèn)定,calm 平靜的, 沉著的。指無(wú)風(fēng)浪的或人 的心情不激動(dòng)的。 quiet 寧?kù)o的, 安靜的。指不吵鬧的或心 境不煩躁的。強(qiáng)調(diào)“沒(méi)有一點(diǎn)聲音”。,calm / quiet / still / silent,still 靜止的, 不動(dòng)的。指(人體等)不

6、運(yùn)動(dòng)的。 silent 沉默的, 緘口的, 寂靜的。指不講話或 沒(méi)有聲音。,3. concern vt. (使)擔(dān)憂; 涉及; 關(guān)系到 n. 擔(dān)心; 關(guān)心; (利害)關(guān)系 【教材原句】 You will tell your friend that you are concerned about him/her 你會(huì)告訴你的朋友你很關(guān)心他/她,【歸納】 concern oneself with 關(guān)心; 從事; 參與 concern oneself about 擔(dān)心; 關(guān)心 be concerned about sth. 關(guān)心; 掛念,be concerned with/in 與有

7、關(guān); 參與; 牽涉到 show/express concern about/for... 對(duì)表示關(guān)心/ 掛念 as/so far as....be concerned 就而言,【拓展】 concerned adj. 擔(dān)心的，憂慮的 concerned about/ for + that從句 關(guān)心的，感興趣的 concerned about/ with concerning prep. 關(guān)于,4. settle vi. 安家; 定居; 停留 vt. 使定居; 安排; 解決; 決定; 確定 【教材原句】 She found it difficult to settle and calm

8、down in the hiding place, 她發(fā)現(xiàn)很難在這個(gè)棲身之處安定、平靜下來(lái) 【拓展】 settlement n. 協(xié)議; 解決; 殖民; 定居 settled adj. 固定的; 穩(wěn)定的; 定居的,【歸納】 settle down 安下心來(lái); 定居 settle with 和......取得諒解 settle for 對(duì)......感到滿足; 勉強(qiáng)認(rèn)可 settle in 安頓; 適應(yīng) settle on 選定; 決定,5. suffer v. 遭受; 忍受; 經(jīng)歷 【教材原句】 She suffered from loneliness, but she had t

9、o learn to like it there. 她遭受孤獨(dú), 但在那兒她不得不學(xué)著喜 歡它。 【歸納】 suffer from sth. 遭受(某種疾病); 因而受害/受損 suffer for sth. 因而遭受惡果,6. recover v. 重新獲得; 重新找回; 恢復(fù); 痊愈 【教材原句】 How can Linda recover from her illness in this room when its so dirty and dusty? 這個(gè)房間是如此的臟并且塵土飛揚(yáng), 在這里琳達(dá)怎么從病中康復(fù)呢？ 【歸納】 recover from

10、從中恢復(fù) recover oneself 清醒過(guò)來(lái) recover ones losses 彌補(bǔ)損失,【探究】 recover “尋回; 取回”, 指無(wú)意或有意地找到或得到曾經(jīng)失掉的物質(zhì)的或精神的東西, 引申可指“恢復(fù)”、“重新控制”、“重新獲得”、“回復(fù)到正常狀態(tài)”等。 用作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí), 如以人作主語(yǔ), 則用主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu); 如以物作主語(yǔ), 則用被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。,1. add up 合計(jì); 加起來(lái) 【教材原句】 Add up your score and see how many points you get. 將你的分?jǐn)?shù)加起來(lái), 看看你能得多少分。,短語(yǔ),【拓展】 add up to 總共是

11、; 總計(jì)為; 結(jié)果是 add to 增加; 使(規(guī)模)擴(kuò)大 add...to... 把加到/進(jìn)里 add in 包括; 加進(jìn); 算進(jìn),2. go through 穿過(guò)；查閱；完成（某事）經(jīng)歷（困難、痛苦等），遭受，忍受；通過(guò)；用完，消耗；翻找，查看，搜尋 【教材原句】 Or are you afraid that your friend would laugh at you, or would not understand and what you are going through? 或者你是不是擔(dān)心你的朋友會(huì)嘲笑你, 會(huì)不理解你目前的困境呢？,【拓展】 go ahead 干吧; 前

12、進(jìn); 領(lǐng)先 go away 走開(kāi), 離去 go by 經(jīng)過(guò); 走過(guò); 過(guò)去 go for 主張 go for a walk 散步 go in for 參加; 喜歡 go on 繼續(xù) go out 出去; 熄滅,3. set down 記下; 放下; 登記 【教材原句】 I dont want to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do. 我不愿像大多數(shù)人那樣在日記中記流水帳。 【拓展】 set free 釋放, 解放 set off 動(dòng)身, 起程; 使爆發(fā) set out 出發(fā); 開(kāi)始 set

13、up 建立; 樹(shù)立; 創(chuàng)立,4. get along/on with 與某人相處; 某事進(jìn)展(如何) 【教材原句】 Im getting along well with a boy in my class. 我和我們班里的一位男同學(xué)一直相處很好。 【拓展】 get away 逃脫; 離開(kāi) get back 回來(lái); 返回; 回家,get close (to) 接近 get down 降下 get down to 開(kāi)始認(rèn)真(做某事) get in 進(jìn)入; 收獲; 達(dá)到 get off 脫下(衣服等); 下車 get on 上車; 過(guò)活 get throu

14、gh 通過(guò); 撥通電話 get up 起床; 籌備; 起立; 打扮,1. While walking the dog, you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car. 在遛狗的時(shí)候，你不小心松了手，結(jié)果狗被一輛汽車撞了。 while walking ... 相當(dāng)于while you were walking ..., 當(dāng)時(shí)間或條件狀語(yǔ)等從句中的主語(yǔ)同主句主語(yǔ)一致或主語(yǔ)是it, 且從句含有be動(dòng)詞時(shí), 可以省略狀語(yǔ)從句中的主語(yǔ)與系動(dòng)詞be。,句式,2. She and her family hid away for near

15、ly twentyfive months before they were discovered. 她與家人躲藏了將近二十五個(gè)月之后才 被發(fā)現(xiàn)。 before conj. 用以表示從句動(dòng)作發(fā)生之前的時(shí)間，譯法靈活。,1) 強(qiáng)調(diào)從句動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句之前，“不等就”。如： Before I could say a word, he had left. 我還沒(méi)來(lái)得及說(shuō)話, 他就已經(jīng)離開(kāi)了。 2) Itbe時(shí)間段before從句，“之后才”。如： It _______________________ I realized the truth. 過(guò)了很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間我才悟出真相。,was s

16、ome time before,3) Itbenotlongbefore從句，“不久就”。如: John thinks it wont be long before he is ready for his new job. 約翰認(rèn)為不久之后他就會(huì)為他的新工作做好準(zhǔn)備。 4) “趁著”或“過(guò)了才”。如: I must write it down before I forget it. 趁著我還沒(méi)忘，我得把它記下來(lái)。,語(yǔ)法,直接引語(yǔ)是直接引述別人的原話，在書(shū)面語(yǔ)中經(jīng)常將其放在引號(hào)中。間接引語(yǔ)是用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話，無(wú)需加引號(hào)，在多數(shù)情況下間接引語(yǔ)構(gòu)成賓語(yǔ)從句。,直接引語(yǔ)與間接引語(yǔ)（一）,

17、直接引語(yǔ)是陳述句，變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，在多數(shù)情況下都構(gòu)成一個(gè)由that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，引述動(dòng)詞通常是say, tell等。 直接引語(yǔ)是一般疑問(wèn)句，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，常將它變成由連詞if或whether引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，其主句動(dòng)詞常用ask。 直接引語(yǔ)為選擇疑問(wèn)句，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，常將它變成由whether... or引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。,直接引語(yǔ)為特殊疑問(wèn)句，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，將它變成由疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。 直接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)、人稱、指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)等要作相應(yīng)的變化。此外，疑問(wèn)句由直接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，原來(lái)的疑問(wèn)語(yǔ)序要變?yōu)殛愂稣Z(yǔ)序。,如主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在時(shí)態(tài)

18、方面需要做相應(yīng)的變化。,e.g.“The moon travels round the earth once a month,” the teacher said to the children. The teacher told the children(that)the moontravelsround the earth once a month.,直接引語(yǔ)如果是客觀真理，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不變。,I said to Jack, “You didnt tell me what happened yesterday.” I told Jack that he hadnt told me

19、 what had happened the day before. “Are you ready?” the teacher asked Tom. The teacher asked Tom if / whether he was ready.,My mother asked me, “Do you like the red or the yellow?” My mother asked me whether I liked the red or the yellow. “How do you go to work, Mary?” she asked. She asked Mary how

20、 she went to work.,將直接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)。 1. “What did you do yesterday, Jenny?” said the mother. __________________________________ ___________________________________ 2. Joan said to Lucy, “I will leave for Beijing tomorrow morning.” ___________________________________ ___________________________________,

21、The mother asked Jenny what she had done the day before.,Joan told Lucy that she would leave for Beijingthe next morning.,3. My mother asked me, “Do you really want to buy that coat?” ___________________________________ ___________________________________ 4. Mary asked me, “Do you like coffee or te

22、a?” ___________________________________ ___________________________________,My mother asked me if / whether I really wanted to buy that coat.,Mary asked me whether I liked coffee or tea.,建議信是書(shū)信的一種形式，屬于應(yīng)用文。建議信是寫(xiě)信人向收信人就某事提出自己的建議或忠告，有可能是寫(xiě)給個(gè)人，就收信人遇到的某個(gè)問(wèn)題提出自己的看法和觀點(diǎn)；也可能是寫(xiě)給某個(gè)組織或機(jī)構(gòu)，就改進(jìn)其服務(wù)等方面提出建議或忠告。,寫(xiě)作,如何寫(xiě)

23、建議信,【寫(xiě)作指導(dǎo)】 首段：一般指明提建議的初衷。 中段：圍繞問(wèn)題，婉轉(zhuǎn)地提出有針對(duì)性且具有說(shuō)服性的建議。注意充分考慮對(duì)方的實(shí)際情況，表達(dá)時(shí)用語(yǔ)要得體。 尾段：簡(jiǎn)單予以希望。希望建議能對(duì)對(duì)方有所幫助，同時(shí)闡明建議僅供對(duì)方參考。,注意： 時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)以一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)為主。 由于是給別人提出建議，所以人稱應(yīng)該以第二人稱為主。,【常用表達(dá)】 建議信開(kāi)頭： You have asked me for my advice on ... and I will try to make some suggestions. Thanks for trusting me. Its my great pleasure to

24、give you some suggestions / advice / tips on ...,Im sorry to hear / learn that ... However, the situation is easy to change if you take my advice. Im sorry (that) you are having trouble / difficulty / problems in ... I think you can make it if you follow the advice below. Id like to offer you some a

25、dvice.,表達(dá)建議: I would like to suggest that ... If I were you, I would ... As far as I am concerned ... / In my opinion ... It seems better that ... Why not ...? It would be a good idea if ... For one thing ..., for another ... In the first place / Firstly / First ... Secondly / Second ... Last but no

26、t least (最后但也是重要的) ...,建議信結(jié)尾: These are only my personal suggestions / tips. I hope you will find them useful / helpful. I would be ready to discuss this matter with you in further detail. Im willing to discuss this matter with you whenever ... I will highly appreciate your consideration of my advic

27、e / suggestions / tips. I hope ...,【寫(xiě)作任務(wù)】 假設(shè)你是李華，最近你的英國(guó)筆友杰克剛剛轉(zhuǎn)入一所新學(xué)校。由于他性格內(nèi)向，不擅長(zhǎng)交朋友，所以他感到非常孤獨(dú)，寫(xiě)信向你求助。請(qǐng)你給他回一封電子郵件。 注意: 1. 詞數(shù)100左右（開(kāi)頭語(yǔ)已為你寫(xiě)好，但不 計(jì)入總詞數(shù)）； 2. 可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。,【參考范文】 Dear Jack, Im sorry to hear that you are lonely in a new school because you find it hard to make friends because of your sh

28、yness. Now Id like to offer you some advice. First of all, it is normal for you to feel lonely because you are living now in a new environment. Second, you should greet your teachers and classmates when meeting them on campus.,Third, it will be a good idea if you often express your ideas in class an

29、d take an active part in class activities, which can help them learn more about you. I believe you are sure to make new friends soon if you show your friendliness to others. I hope everything will be fine with you in the future.,高考鏈接,(2014安徽改編)The meaning of the word “nice” changed a few times _____

30、_ it finally came to include the sense “pleasant”. 答案：before 本題考查時(shí)間連詞。根據(jù)finally可知, came to include the sense “pleasant” 于The meaning of the word “nice” changed a few times后發(fā)生, 故填before。 句意: “nice”一詞的含義變化了數(shù)次, 直到最后它才包括了pleasant的含義。即：在nice包括pleasant這一含義之前，其含義還有其他幾次演變。,鞏固練習(xí),I.用括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式填空。 1. He arrive

31、d at his hometown, tired and ________ (dust), on Sunday night. 2. _________ (power) nations sometimes try to control weaker ones. 3. At the beginning of the project, Paul made it clear that he would be ________ (entire) in control. 4. My brother went to ________ (German) for higher education.,dusty,

32、Powerful,entirely,Germany,5. He said it would rain, but I __________ (agree) with him I was sure it wouldnt rain. 6. Most people ________ (like) driving on icy roads, but he rather enjoys it. 7. My father used to work _________ (outdoor) even in the middle of winter.,disagreed,dislike,outdoors,II.選用

33、方框內(nèi)合適的短語(yǔ)并用其正確形式填空（每個(gè)短語(yǔ)限用一次）。 1. During the interview, the reporter asked me ___________ questions. 2. Tom spilled his drink ___________ he needed an excuse to leave the room.,a series of,be tired of, be crazy about, face to face, a series of, one after another, add up, calm down, pack up, on purpos

34、e, set down,on purpose,be tired of, be crazy about, face to face, a series of, one after another, add up, calm down, pack up, on purpose, set down,3. The girl ________________ ballet; she spent a lot of time practicing dancing. 4. James insisted that she e downtown so that he could explain this to h

35、er ____________. 5. When we ________ the numbers, we realized we had spent too much.,was crazy about,face to face,added up,be tired of, be crazy about, face to face, a series of, one after another, add up, calm down, pack up, on purpose, set down,6. I will ________ the story as it was told to me. 7.

36、 We will discuss the problem when you ___________. 8. It was break time and the students came out __________________.,set down,calm down,one after another,be tired of, be crazy about, face to face, a series of, one after another, add up, calm down, pack up, on purpose, set down,9. Allow them a few m

37、inutes to ________ their things. 10. I _____________ watching television; lets go for a walk.,pack up,am tired of,閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容（1個(gè)單詞）或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。 In the distant past, friends relied on each other for their survival. They hunted together and defended each other against 1. ___________ (danger) an

38、imals and enemies. In those days, if you didnt have a friend, you would either starve, be eaten 2. ________ killed.,dangerous,or,Nowadays, friendship isnt 3. ________ (exact) a matter of life and death. However, friendship is still of great importance and not having a friend is something to be 4. __

39、________ (concern) about. Most people look upon a friend as someone they can lean on when they are going 5. ________ times of trouble. In such times, friends provide them with emotional support and sometimes financial help.,exactly,concerned,through,It is in these troubled times 6. ________ they fin

40、d out who their true friends are. As an old saying 7. ________ (go), in times of prosperity, friends will be plenty; in times of 8. ________ (suffer), not one in twenty. And there is another old saying 9. ____________ says you can hardly make a friend in a year, but you can easily upset one in an hour.,that,goes,suffering,that / which,So do your best to get along with and be grateful to all those 10. __________ are willing to side with you even when you are in the wrong as they are true friends and they are not easily e by.,who / that,