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1、Unit 5 Nelson Mandela a modern hero,知識(shí)清單,,1. ________ adj. 慷慨的; 大方的 2. ________ n. 舞臺(tái); 階段; 時(shí)期 3. ________ vt. 泄露,generous,vote,attack,escape,stage,（一）基本單詞,單詞,6. __________ n. 原則；原理；信念 7. __________ n. 人類 8. __________ n. 費(fèi)用；酬金 9. __________ adj. 有希望的 10. _________ n. 社團(tuán)；聯(lián)盟 v.（使）結(jié)盟 11. _________ n. 毛

2、毯；覆蓋物 vt. 覆蓋 12. _________ v. 乞求；懇求,principle,mankind,fee,hopeful,league,blanket,beg,13. _________ n. 親戚 adj. 相關(guān)的 14. _________ n. 恐怖；驚駭 15. _________ vt. 宣判；判決 16. _________ n. 總統(tǒng)；總裁；校長 17. _________ n. 反對(duì)者 adj. 反對(duì)的 prep. 反對(duì),relative,terror,sentence,president,anti-,1. _________ n. 質(zhì)量; 品質(zhì); 性質(zhì)

3、 _________ n. 數(shù)量; 量 2. _________ adj. 積極的; 活躍的 _________ adv. 積極地; 活躍地 _________ n. 活動(dòng) 3. _________ adj. 和平的; 平靜的; 安寧的 _________ adv. 和平地; 平靜地; 安寧地 _________ n. 和平; 平靜; 和睦,quality,quantity,active,actively,activity,peaceful,peacefully,peace,（二）派生單詞,4. ________ adj. 法律的; 依照法律的 ________ (反義詞) 非法的;

4、 違法的 5. ________ adj. 相等的; 平等的 ________ n. 平等; 相等 ________ adv. 同樣地; 相等地; 公平地 6. ________ n. 暴力；暴行 ________ adj. 暴力的；猛烈的,legal,illegal,equal,equality,equally,violence,violent,7. _________ vt. 教育; 訓(xùn)練 _________ adj. 受過教育的; 有教養(yǎng)的 _________ n. 教育 _________ n. 教育工作者; 教育家 8. _________ n. 報(bào)酬; 獎(jiǎng)金 vt. 酬

5、勞; 獎(jiǎng)賞 _________ adj. 值得的; 有益的; 9. _________ v. 意思是；打算；意味 adj. 刻薄的；卑鄙的； ________ n. 意思；意義,educate,educated,education,educator,reward,rewarding,mean,meaning,10. ________ n. 自己；本性； pron. 自己 ________ adj. 自私的 ________ adj. 無私的 ________ adv. 無私地 11. ________ vt. 致力于；奉獻(xiàn)給 ________ adj. 投入的；全

6、心全意的 12. ________ v. 建立；創(chuàng)立；創(chuàng)辦；,self,selfish,selfless,selflessly,devote,devoted,found,13. __________ n. 共和國；共和政體 ________________________ 中華人民共和國 14. __________ n. 律師 __________ n. 法律 15. __________ n. 指導(dǎo)；引導(dǎo)；導(dǎo)航 __________ n. 向?qū)В恢改希? v. 指導(dǎo)；引導(dǎo),republic,Peoples Republic of China,lawyer,law,gu

7、idance,guide,16. _________ n. 青年 _________ n. 青少年 _________ n. 成年人 17. _________ adj. 愿意的 _________ 不愿意的 _________ n. 意愿；遺囑 18. _________ adj. 不公平的 _________ adj. 公平的 19. _________ n. 殘酷 _________ adj. 殘忍的,youth,teenager,adult,willing,unwilling,will,unfair,fair,cruelty,cruel,1. 失業(yè) 2. 事實(shí)上 3

8、. 使充氣; 爆炸 4. 在危險(xiǎn) /麻煩等處境中 5. 求助于; 致力于,out of work,as a matter of fact,blow up,in trouble,turn to,短語,6. 喪失勇氣或信心 7. 當(dāng)權(quán); 上臺(tái) 8. 設(shè)立; 建立 9. 被判處(徒刑) 10. 愿意做某事,lose heart,e to power,set up,be sentenced to,be willing to do,核心要點(diǎn),1. vote vt. 表決 【教材原句】 Black people could not vote or choose their leaders. 黑人沒有選舉

9、權(quán), 他們無權(quán)選擇他們的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人。,單詞,【歸納】 vote for 投票贊成 vote against 投票反對(duì) vote on 投票表決 vote to do sth. 倡議/建議做某事 vote that... 提議/建議,完成句子。 1) The low-ine people ______________ (投票反對(duì)) increasing the personal ine tax, thinking that it would make them poorer. 2) Now that we cant agree with each other, well have to ______

10、____ (投票表決),voted against,vote on it,2. devote vt. 獻(xiàn)身; 專心于 【教材原句】 A great person is someone who devotes his/her life to helping others. 偉人就是將他/她的一生致力于幫助別人的人。,【歸納】 devote oneself to sth. /doing sth. 致力于 devote ones life/time/money/energy to sth. /doing sth. 把某人的一生/ 時(shí)間/ 金錢/ 精力奉獻(xiàn)于 devoted adj. 忠實(shí)的;

11、深愛的 be devoted to sth./ doing sth.專心于 devotion n. 關(guān)愛; 關(guān)照; 奉獻(xiàn); 忠誠,完成句子。 10年來奈雅德一直致力于成為一名世界最好的長距離游泳運(yùn)動(dòng)員。 For ten years Nyad devoted herself ___________ one of the worlds best long-distance swimmers.,to being,3. equal v. 等于; 抵得上 adj. 相等的; 勝任的 n. 同等的人; 相等物 【教材原句】 But I was happy to help because I

12、 knew it would help us achieve our dream of making black and white people equal. 但是, 我樂于幫忙, 因?yàn)槲抑? 這會(huì)幫助 我們實(shí)現(xiàn)黑人和白人平等的夢想。,【歸納】 be equal ton. /doing sth. 等于; 與相等; 有的能力; 勝任 A equals B in ... A在方面比得上B be equal with 與平等 be equal in sth. 在某方面相等 be without equal/ have no equal 無與倫比,4. escape v. 泄露 【教材

13、原句】 It was a prison from which no one escaped. 那是一座任何人都逃不出去的監(jiān)獄。 【歸納】 escape (doing) sth. 逃避(做)某事 escape from 從逃脫, 逃避 escape ones attention/notice 逃過某人的注意,narrow/near escape 九死一生 cut off the escape 截?cái)嗤寺?make ones escape 逃跑 escape danger 避免危險(xiǎn),5. reward n.獎(jiǎng)賞 【教材原句】 They said that the job and

14、 the pay from the new South African government were my reward after working all my life for equal rights for the Blacks. 他們說, 從南非新政府得到的這份工作和薪餉, 是我畢生為爭取黑人的平等權(quán)利而斗爭所得到的回報(bào)。,【歸納】 as a reward for 作為 (對(duì)某事的)報(bào)酬 /獎(jiǎng)賞 give/offer a reward to sb. for sth. 為某事而給某人報(bào)酬 in reward for 為酬謝; 作為獎(jiǎng)勵(lì) reward sb. with sth. f

15、or sth. 為某事而用酬謝某人 reward for (v. + prep.) 由于而給予報(bào)酬,reward award reward n. 報(bào)酬；獎(jiǎng)金 v. 多指因?qū)Ψ降墓ぷ?服務(wù)/幫助而 給予的報(bào)酬或獎(jiǎng)賞 reward sb. for (doing) sth. award n. 獎(jiǎng)品, 獎(jiǎng)金，與prize相似。 v. 授予/頒發(fā) award sb. sth.= award sth. to sb.,Everyone who reached the top of Mount Tai was_____ with a magnificent view. A. awarded

16、 B. admired C. rewarded D. appreciated,解析: 動(dòng)詞辨析。到達(dá)泰山頂部的每個(gè)人都能看到壯麗的景觀。reward獎(jiǎng)賞;獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)，對(duì)某人工作或服務(wù)的報(bào)答,符合語境。award因而授予某人,指正式或官方頒發(fā)/授予; admire欽佩; 贊美; appreciate感激; 欣賞。,6. opinion n. 看法; 意見; 見解 【歸納】 express ones opinion 表達(dá)自己的意見 in ones opinion 依照某人的看法 have a bad/ low opinion of 認(rèn)為不好; 瞧不起 have a good/hi

17、gh/opinion of 對(duì)評(píng)價(jià)好,Whats your opinion of...? 你對(duì)有什么看法？ It is my opinion that... 我主張,1. out of work 失業(yè) 【教材原句】 I worried about whether I would bee out of work. 我很擔(dān)心我是不是會(huì)失業(yè)。 【拓展】 out of order 發(fā)生故障; 次序顛倒 out of control 失去控制,短語,out of danger 脫離危險(xiǎn) out of breath 氣喘吁吁 out of style/date 過時(shí) out of ques

18、tion 毫無疑問 out of sight 看不見 out of place 不合適的; 不相稱的 out of pity/ kindness 出于憐憫/善意 outofdate 過時(shí)了,out of the question 不可能; 根本談不上 out of turn 不按次序 out of this world 出色的;了不起的 out of touch 失去聯(lián)系,2. in trouble 處于困難或麻煩中 【教材原句】 Elias went to see Nelson Mandela when he was in trouble. 伊萊亞斯身處困境

19、時(shí)去見納爾遜曼德拉。 【拓展】 get into trouble 陷入困境 take the trouble to do sth. 費(fèi)心做某事/不辭勞苦地做某事,have trouble/difficulty (in) doing sth. 做某事有困難 put sb. to the trouble of doing sth. 麻煩某人做某事 be a trouble to sb. 對(duì)某人是個(gè)麻煩,含in的常用短語： in advance 提前 in cash 用現(xiàn)金 in mon 共同的，共有的 in danger 在危險(xiǎn)中 in debt 欠債 in general 一般

20、來說 in need 在困難中，在危急中,in order 有秩序 in particular 尤其，特別 in public 公開地 in practice 實(shí)際上，在實(shí)踐中 in relief 如釋重負(fù)，松了口氣 in short 簡言之，總之 in theory 從理論上來說 in total 總共 in turn 依次,3. turn to 求助于; 依賴; 翻到; 查閱 【教材原句】 Why did Nelson Mandela turn to violence to make black and white people equal? 為什么納爾

21、遜曼德拉通過暴力手段實(shí)現(xiàn)黑人和白人的平等?,【拓展】 turn back 折回; 掉轉(zhuǎn)頭 turn up 調(diào)大; 出現(xiàn) turn down 調(diào)小; 拒絕 turn into 變成 turn on 打開（開關(guān)等） turn off 關(guān)閉 (開關(guān)等) turn over 打翻; 翻身; 移交 turn out 證明是; 結(jié)果是,完成句子。 他拒絕了我的建議, 把生意移交給了他女兒。 He _____________ my suggestion and ____________ the business to his daughter.,turned down,turn

22、ed over,4. e to / into power 上臺(tái); 掌權(quán) 【教材原句】 I did not work again for twenty years until Mr Mandela and the ANC came to power in 1994. 在曼德拉和非國大于1994年掌權(quán)之前, 我有20年沒有再工作。,【拓展】 be in power 當(dāng)權(quán); 執(zhí)政 e into power 上臺(tái); 執(zhí)政; 當(dāng)權(quán) do all /everything in ones power to do sth. 竭盡所能做某事 in ones power 在某人能力以內(nèi) out

23、of / beyond ones power 超出某人能力 break power 削弱勢力,1. only then did we decide to answer violence with violence. 直到那時(shí),我們才決定用暴力反抗暴力。 “only狀語”置于句首引起的倒裝句。副詞only置于句首, 強(qiáng)調(diào)方式狀語/條件狀語/時(shí)間狀語/地點(diǎn)狀語時(shí), 主句要用部分倒裝（情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞）。,句式,如果only狀語從句置于句首, 且與主句之間無逗號(hào)隔開, 該狀語從句不倒裝,只有主句進(jìn)行倒裝。但only修飾主語時(shí)不倒裝。 e.g. Only then did I realize the

24、 importance of health. 到那時(shí)我才認(rèn)識(shí)到健康的重要性。,完成句子。 1) Only after being asked three times _________________________ (他才來參加會(huì)議) 2) Only when ______________________ (他病得很重時(shí), 他才) stay in bed.,he is seriously ill does he,did he e to the meeting,翻譯句子。 1) 只有在巴黎你才能買到那樣的鞋。 2) 只在戰(zhàn)爭結(jié)束了他才能回到工作崗位。,Only in Paris ca

25、n you buy shoes like that.,Only when the war was over was he able to e back to his work.,2. I felt bad the first time I talked to a group. 第一次給旅行團(tuán)作講解時(shí), 我的心情很不好。 the first time用作連詞, 用來引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句, 第一次 e.g. The first time I flew in a plane I was really nervous. 我第一次乘飛機(jī)時(shí)確實(shí)很緊張。,名詞短語作連詞，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句的有： a

26、s soon as 一就 every time 每次/回就 each time 每當(dāng)時(shí) next time 下次時(shí) any time (在)任何時(shí)間 the last time 最后一次的時(shí)候 有時(shí)副詞也可充當(dāng)連詞引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句。如instantly，immediately，directly等，相當(dāng)于as soon as。,e.g. We hadnt met for 20 years but I recognized him the moment I saw him. 我與他有20年沒見面了, 可是我一見面就認(rèn)出了他。 Each time we made mistakes in our h

27、omework, he would ask us to correct them. 每次我們作業(yè)中出錯(cuò), 他總是要求我們改正。,關(guān)系副詞 關(guān)系副詞when在定語從句中作時(shí)間狀語；關(guān)系副詞where在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語； 關(guān)系副詞why在定語從句中作原因狀語。 關(guān)系副詞when, where, why在意義上都相當(dāng)于“介詞+ which”結(jié)構(gòu)。,語法,關(guān)系副詞 介詞 + which/whom,e.g. I will never forget the day when / on which I joined the Communist Youth League. Is this

28、 the village where / in which the famous scientist was born? Sarah didnt give the reason why / for which she was late for school again.,介詞+ which / whom 介詞 + which / whom引導(dǎo)的定語從句中， which用于指物，whom用于指人。 介詞 + which / whom結(jié)構(gòu)中介詞的選擇一般取決于先行詞的習(xí)慣搭配或從句中的動(dòng)詞、形容詞等的習(xí)慣搭配以及主從句的意義。,e.g. I finished reading the book i

29、n which the 13-year-old boy describes his life. The girl with whom you talked at the meeting is a college student. The thing about which Mr. Johnson was not too sure was the young mans honesty.,介詞 + which / whom引導(dǎo)的定語從句中，含有介詞的短語動(dòng)詞一般不拆開，介詞仍放在動(dòng)詞的后面。 e.g. Is this the book which you are looking for?

30、 The child whom the nurses are looking after is very well now.,用正確的關(guān)系副詞或介詞 + 關(guān)系代詞填 空。 1) That wasnt the reason _____________ your brother lied to you. 2) We all remember the days ________ _____________ we studied together at school.,why/ for which,during which,when/,3) The pen __________ I do my h

31、omework is a birthday present from my father. 4) Is this the car _________ you paid a high price? 5) This is the street ______________ Jack parks his car.,with which,where / in which,for which,介紹名人，通常要對(duì)名人的生平、主要事跡和貢獻(xiàn)進(jìn)行介紹，使讀者對(duì)其有一個(gè)較為清晰和全面的了解。 在介紹名人時(shí)，可以分三個(gè)部分來寫作： 第一部分：總體介紹人物，包括其身份、出生年月及地點(diǎn)、成就等。,如何介紹名人,寫作,

32、第二部分：列舉人物的主要經(jīng)歷，并選取典型事例說明其品質(zhì)和個(gè)性，突出人物特征。注意：要有重點(diǎn)，分清主次，就名人突出的事跡或成就重點(diǎn)描寫。 第三部分：對(duì)所介紹的名人的行為和事跡進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)脑u(píng)論。,【常用表達(dá)】 1. 描述偉人的個(gè)人信息： ... was born into a rich / wealthy / poor ... family in China / Japan ... in 1878 ... ... grew up in a small / big ... ... be interested in ... ... began to ... when he / she ...,2

33、. 描述偉人的經(jīng)歷、事跡或成就： do research into this field, encourage sb. to do sth., give up ones life for sth., have a talent for ..., make up ones mind to do sth., overe many difficulties, receive/ get ..., make great achievements, contribute ... to ..., devote oneself to ..., be awarded the title of ..

34、.,3. 對(duì)偉人的評(píng)價(jià)： an inspiring leader, a model worker, be considered as, be famous / known as, make a great contribution to ..., one of the most important persons in the past ... years, set a good example for / to ..., think / speak highly of ...,你校英文報(bào)“Modern Heroes”欄目向中學(xué)生征文。請(qǐng)根據(jù)提示信息，用英語寫一篇短文，介紹美國著名宇航

35、員尼爾奧爾登阿姆斯特朗（NeilAldenArmstrong）。 國籍：美國 出生日期：1930年8月5日 主要經(jīng)歷：1949-1952年任海軍飛行員； 1966年第一次進(jìn)入太空；1969年7月，乘阿波羅11號(hào)第一個(gè)登上月球。 名言：這是個(gè)人邁出的一小步，但卻是人類邁出的一大步。,注意： 1.詞數(shù)100左右； 2.可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。 3.參考詞匯：naval aviator海軍飛行員 _____________________________________,第一段：開門見山，整體介紹尼爾奧爾登阿姆斯特朗的相關(guān)信息。 第二段：具體介紹其主要經(jīng)歷或事跡。 第三段：對(duì)其成就進(jìn)行簡短

36、評(píng)論。,【參考范文】 NeilAldenArmstrong, an American astronaut, born on August 5, 1930, was the first man to land on the moon. Armstrong worked as a naval aviator from 1949 to 1952. In 1966 he had his first space flight. In July 1969, he joined theApollo 11flight which was the first attempt to put men on th

37、e moon.,After they landed, he was the first to go down the ladder and walk on the moons surface. He said, “Thats one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind”. He had made a great contribution to humans exploration of space.,高考鏈接,1. Thedictionaryis______:manywords havebeenaddedtothelanguages

38、ince itwaspublished.（2016天津卷） A.outofcontrol B.outofdate C.outofsight D.outofreach,B,2. Onlyafterayearoffriendlydiscussion ______MsGaffinallysayyes. (2016全國),did,3.Wewillputoffthepicnicintheparkuntil nextweek,____theweathermaybe better.（2016年天津卷） A.thatB.whereC.whichD.when 句意：我們將要把在公園的野餐推遲到

39、下 周，那時(shí)天氣會(huì)好點(diǎn)兒。這是一個(gè)非限定 性定語從句。先行詞是nextweek，從句主 系表成分完整，去掉空后依然是完整的句 子，可推斷出引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作的是時(shí)間 狀語。用when。,D,4. Shewastakingthefoodtotherefugee camp,in(27)______shedistributedit tochildren. （2016年上海卷） 非限定從中主謂賓成分完整，且先行詞 是地點(diǎn)名詞therefugeecamp，應(yīng)該用 where引導(dǎo)定從，此處inwhich=where， 故用which。,which,5. Manyyoungpeople,most____

40、__were well-educated,headedforremoteregions tochasetheirdreams. （2016年江蘇卷） A.ofwhich B.ofthem C.ofwhom D.ofthose 很多受過良好教育的年輕人都前往偏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)追求夢想。這是一個(gè)定語從句。先行詞是manyyoungpeople，關(guān)系代詞whom指代先行詞，又做of的賓語。故選C。,C,鞏固練習(xí),I.根據(jù)下列各句句意以及所給單詞的首字母或漢語提示詞，寫出該單詞的正確形式。 1. Kate was ________ (攻擊) by a fierce dog while wa

41、lking home yesterday. 2. This pany is more concerned with q________ than with quantity. 3. It is important that we should follow the ________ (原則) of seeking truth.,attacked,quality,principle,4.Nancyfroze with t________ as the door opened silently at midnight. 5. Thank you for your donation. It was

42、very g________ of you. 6. Dont worry. Well take a________ steps to deal with the problem. 7. John became a citizen of that country, gaining the right to v________.,terror,generous,active,vote,8. To my relief, David managed to e________ from that big fire. 9. The police offered a(n) ________ (獎(jiǎng)賞) for

43、 any information about the robbery. 10. A military court s________ him to death in his absence.,escape,reward,sentenced,II.用括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式填空。 1. Psychologists studied the dreams of children who had seen ________ (violence) television programs. 2. These women are demanding fairness and ________ (equal) i

44、n their pay. 3. The baby looks so ________ (peace) when hes sleeping. 4. If some athletes use drugs, it is ________ (fair) to the others.,violent,equality,peaceful,unfair,5. We are proud of our achievements and ________ (hope) for the future. 6. Under our teachers ________ (guide), we finished the w

45、ork smoothly. 7. She was shocked by the ________ (cruel) of his words. 8. Im happy to join in the protest but I dont want to do anything ________ (legal).,hopeful,guidance,cruelty,illegal,III.選用方框內(nèi)合適的短語并用其正確形式填空（每個(gè)短語限用一次）。 1. A mittee has been ________ to organize social events in the college. 2. Do

46、nt worry. If youre in trouble, I ____________ give you a hand.,set up,am willing to,3. __________________, Jack was the one who broke the window. I didnt tell the truth yesterday. 4. There were thousands of passengers in the train when it ________.,As a matter of fact,blew up,IV.用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空。 1. A: The

47、 restaurant ____________ you remended was incredible! B: Yes, I know. Its food is delicious. 2. A: My friend, ________ handbag was stolen yesterday, is still very upset. B: I would be, too.,that / which,whose,3. A: Whats the name of the girl _________________ youre meeting this afternoon? B:

48、Jenny Ellis. We used to go to school together. 4. A: My friend Julie lost her dog. B: How terrible! Was that the new puppy _____________ we saw in her garden last week?,whom / that / who,that / which,5. A: Your jumper is great! B: Thanks. I bought it at the shop ________ you got your jeans. 6. A:

49、Do you remember the time ________ we tried to join the circus? B: Of course! How can I ever forget? 7. A: Did Hector tell you the reason ________ he was so angry yesterday? B: No, but I think it was something serious.,where,when,why,閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容（1個(gè)單詞）或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。 Who should be considered a h

50、ero? Go into 1. _____ youths room where often youll see posters of their favorite pop and movie stars hanging from their walls. Its clear to see 2. ________ they think their heroes are.,a,who,A friend of 3. ________ (I), once told me what happened when his father came to visit him while he was 4. __

51、___ university. On the way out of his room, his father stopped and looked at all his posters of movie stars and pop stars on the wall. He remained 5. ________ (look) at them in silence for quite a while.,mine,at,looking,Then he asked 6. ________ (quiet), “Why dont you put up a picture of me on your

52、wall?” My friend didnt quite know what to say. “Ive done 7. ________ (much) for you than they have,” he continued. “In my opinion, you should have a picture of me or your mother hanging up there instead of them.”,quietly,more,That brief conversation 8. ________ (change) the way he thought about hero

53、es and from then on he said his heroes became his parents and relatives. They were the ones in his life who were selflessly 9. ________ (devote) to him; they were the ones who worked hard in order to pay for him 10. _______________ (educate); they were the ones he turned to for advice whenever he lost heart. They were always there for him.,changed,devoted,to be educated,