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111 更上一層樓 基礎(chǔ)·鞏固·達(dá)標(biāo)  Ⅰ.將A與B中有關(guān)聯(lián)的單詞搭配在一起 A：boil　rust　expand　tongs　contract　dissolve　reaction　 B：crucible　cool　oxide　liquid　conclusion　heat　steam 答案：boil—steam　rust—oxide　expand—heat　contract—cool　tongs—crucible　 dissolve—liquid　reaction—conclusion  Ⅱ.用一個(gè)合適的單詞完成下列句子 1．What’s the (3 letters)of this experiment? 2．We use (11 letters)to provide power for machines. 3．It is time for us human beings to take measures to protect all living things to keep the (7 letters)of nature. 4．We students should go to bed early and get up early to (4 letters)a good habit. 5．Both teachers and students in our school are deeply impressed by Professor Smith’s (7 letters). 6．Our school was built just a year ago with many advanced teaching (10 letters). 7．I was (10 letters)when I heard the hospital had burnt down. 8．Jack，can you see something red (8 letters)in the distance on the water? 答案：1.aim　根據(jù)常識(shí)推斷，應(yīng)該說(shuō)“實(shí)驗(yàn)的結(jié)果(result)/結(jié)論(conclusion)或目的(aim)”都可，又因只有三個(gè)字母，所以用aim。 2.electricity　本句意為“我們用電為機(jī)器提供動(dòng)力”。 3.balance　keep the balance of nature意為“保持自然界的生態(tài)平衡”。 4.form　form a good habit of...為固定詞組，意為“養(yǎng)成……的好習(xí)慣”。 5.lecture　按常識(shí)推斷，應(yīng)該是教授的“演講”。 6.facilities　設(shè)備可表示為facility或equipment,但equipment不可數(shù)。在本題中many修飾facility，所以用facility的復(fù)數(shù)形式。 7.astonished　本句意為“當(dāng)聽(tīng)到醫(yī)院燒成平地的消息時(shí)，我驚呆了”。 8.floating　本句意為“你能看見(jiàn)遠(yuǎn)處水上漂著紅色的東西嗎？”float與something構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系，且表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，所以用float的現(xiàn)在分詞形式。 Ⅲ.用下面的介詞完成句子 of　out　in　from　at 1. The reaction of metals with these substances can be put order. 2．Write out each corrected sentence least once. 3．Do an experiment to find if iron rusts in dry air. 4．Try to learn your mistakes，and you’ll make progress. 5．Two thirds the earth’s surface is water. 答案：1.in　put...in order為固定搭配，意為“把……有序排列”。 2.at　at least為固定搭配，意為“至少”。 3.out　固定短語(yǔ)find out意為“查明白；弄清楚”。 4.from　learn from...意思為“向某人學(xué)習(xí)；從某事中吸取教訓(xùn)”。 5.of　of表示所屬關(guān)系， “……的”。本句意為“地球表面的三分之二是水”。 Ⅳ.用所給的短語(yǔ)完成句子 add..to　in the area of　be proud of　be interested in　react with be supposed to　at the bottom of　keep out of　used to 1. Many great discoveries have been made science. 2．We all the Chinese athletes’ success during the 28th Olympic Games. 3．Mr.Smith smoke but he has given it up. 4．Please some sugar the tea. 5．Iron water and air to produce rust. 6．There are some underwater plants the tube. 7．You clean the blackboard and the classroom today. 8．I very English. 9． the dog the room.Don’t let it in. 答案：1.in the area of　in the area of意為“在……領(lǐng)域”。 2.are;proud of　短語(yǔ)be proud of意為“對(duì)……感到自豪”，we作主語(yǔ)用are。 3.used to　used to do意為“過(guò)去常常做某事”，但現(xiàn)在不做了。 4.add;to　add...to...意為“在……里添加……”。在祈使句中用動(dòng)詞原形。 5.reacts with　react with意為“與……反應(yīng)”，iron為不可數(shù)名詞，故用 reacts。 6.at the bottom of　at the bottom of意為“在……底部”。 7.are supposed to　are supposed to do在本句中相當(dāng)于should do，表示“應(yīng)該做……”。 8.am;interested in　本句意為“我對(duì)英語(yǔ)很感興趣”。 9.Keep;out of　keep...out of意為“把……擋在外面”與下句“別讓它進(jìn)來(lái)”意思一致。 Ⅴ.根據(jù)A句完成B句 1．A:If you work harder，you will make greater progress. B: you work， you will make. 2．A:The chairman thought that it was necessary to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting. B:The chairman thought to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting. 3．A:Generally speaking，if the camera is more expensive，its quality will be better. B:Generally speaking， the camera， its quality. 4．A:There are 64 students in our class.48 of them are girls. B:There are three times as boys in our class. 5．A:Two out of five students in our class are girls. B: the students in our class are girls. 答案：1.The harder;the greater progress　本題考查了“the more..., the more...”這一句型。在這個(gè)句型中，前一部分表?xiàng)l件，相當(dāng)于if條件句，后一部分表結(jié)果，意為“越……就越……”。 2.it necessary　think既可接it is/was+adj.+to do句作賓語(yǔ)從句（其中it作形式主語(yǔ)），又可接it+adj.+to do作復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)（其中it作形式賓語(yǔ)）。 3.the more expensive;the better　在“the more..., the more...”句型中，可以省略謂語(yǔ)(甚至主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)一起省略)。 4.as many girls　在“as...as”結(jié)構(gòu)中通常把名詞放在兩個(gè)as中間。 5.Two fifths of　two out of five意為“五個(gè)中有兩個(gè)”與two fifths of...(五分之二)意思相同。 Ⅵ.將下列詞句與其釋義搭配 1．Where do we go from here?　　　　 A.You’ve understood. 2．Keep the noise down. B.You’re next. 3．You’ve got it! C.What shall we do next? 4．Go ahead! D.Talk quietly. 5．It’s your turn now. E.You can begin. 答案：1.C　2.D　3.A　4.E　5.B Ⅶ.單項(xiàng)選擇 1．The pianos in the other shop will be ,but . A.cheaper；not as better　　　　　　　　B.cheaper；not as good C.cheap;as better D.cheap;as good 答案：B　此句為省略句，全句應(yīng)為：The pianos in the other shop will be cheaper but not as good as those in this shop.as...as之間的形容詞要用原級(jí)。 2．—How did you find your visit to museum? —I thoroughly enjoyed it.It was than I expected. A.far more interesting B.even much interesting C.far interesting D.much interesting 答案：A　由空格后面的than，可推斷前面一定有比較級(jí)，故排除B項(xiàng)。 3．I am glad to say that she’s already finished 50% of the book in these three days. A.no less than B.no more than C.less than D.more than 答案：A　no less than意為“有……之多；不少于……”；no more than意為“僅僅”，不符合題意。 4．—It’s so hot today. —It surely is.It’s yesterday. A.two degrees hotter than B.two degree as hot as C.two degree hotter than D.two degrees as hot as 答案：A　答語(yǔ)的后半句意為“比昨天熱2度”。倍數(shù)表達(dá)法之一：“數(shù)詞+adj.或adv.的比較級(jí)+than”。 5．I offered him ,for which he thanked me again and again. A.that he had asked for three times B.three times what he had asked for C.what he had asked for three times D.three times that he had asked for 答案：B　倍數(shù)放在what he had asked for(相當(dāng)于the+n.)之前。 6．This is attractive museum.I can hardly tear myself away from it. A.a most B.the most C.most D.more 答案：A　most與不定冠詞連用，表示“非?！?。 7． of the area is covered by water. A.Two-thirds B.Two third C.Two thirds D.Two-third 答案：A　本題考查了分?jǐn)?shù)的表達(dá)法，即分子大于1，分母加s。 8．He looked quite young though he was . A.in seventy B.at the age of seventy C.in seventies D.at the age of seventies 答案：B 　“他70多歲時(shí)”應(yīng)該是in his seventies,選項(xiàng)A不正確；at the age of seventy意思是“在70歲時(shí)”。 9．There is a learning tower about . A.180 feet high B.180 foot high C.180-feet high D.180-foot high 答案：A 　180 feet high意為“180英尺高”。 10．（北京東城模擬）— Della，I’m thinking of taking five courses next term. — Wouldn’t four be ? A.wise B.wiser C.the wisest D.the wiser 答案：B　用形容詞比較級(jí)，表示更明智。 Ⅷ.根據(jù)括號(hào)內(nèi)所給的漢意完成句子 1．The soup is a little fresh，so you’d better 　　　　　　　　(加點(diǎn)鹽). 2．Madam Curie made a great contribution 　　　　　　 (在科學(xué)領(lǐng)域). 3．Iron does not rust 　　　　　　　(在沒(méi)有空氣的水里). 4．　　　　 　　(他有什么反應(yīng))the experimental equipment you offered? 5．He is an excellent chemistry teacher，so 　　　　　 　(能成為他的學(xué)生我很驕傲). 6．When we put salt and sugar into water，they easily (溶解)in it. 7．Our school is 　　　　　　　　　(他們學(xué)校的兩倍大). 答案：1.add some salt to it 2.in the area/field of science 3.in the water without air/in airfree water 4.What was his reaction to 5.I’m very proud of being his student 6.dissolve 7.twice as big as theirs/twice bigger than theirs /twice the size of theirs Ⅸ.根據(jù)括號(hào)中的單詞或短語(yǔ)寫(xiě)一合適的句子 1．—I’ve been told that I failed the driving test. —　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(sorry，hear that) 2．You are walking so fast that I 　　　　　　　　　　　.(not，catch up with) 3．—Next Sunday is my best friend’s birthday. —　　　　　　　　　　　　? (how about，birthday cake) 4．—Look! Why do the farmers cover their windows with plastic cloth? —　　　　　　　　　　.(keep out of ，the cold air) 5．I used to do anything all by myself，but now 　　　　　　　　　. (be used to，work with others) 答案：1.I’m sorry to hear that. 別人說(shuō)考試沒(méi)通過(guò)，自己應(yīng)該對(duì)此表示遺憾。 2.can’t catch up with you　so...that表示“如此……以至于”，即答語(yǔ)意為“你走得太快我跟不上”。 3.How about buying her a birthday cake? 此句型表示提建議，即答語(yǔ)意為“給她買(mǎi)個(gè)生日蛋糕怎樣?” 4.To keep out of the cold air.　即答語(yǔ)意為“為了擋住冷空氣，農(nóng)民們用塑料布把窗戶(hù)蓋起來(lái)”,不定式表示目的。 5.I am used to working with others　be used to doing意為“習(xí)慣于做……”,本句意為“以前一切事情我都是自己做，可現(xiàn)在我習(xí)慣于同別人合作”。 綜合·應(yīng)用·創(chuàng)新 Ⅰ.根據(jù)課文內(nèi)容填空 It is hard to think of a world without .Different metals have different .When we use metals，it is to know how they with different .The reaction of metals with water and oxygen can be put in .From the ,we can find potassium react the with oxygen and water while doesn’t react with water.When we calcium in oxygen，it burns to an oxide. There is a simple scientific about iron.Iron doesn’t rust in dry and water，but rusts in water. 答案：metals;uses;important;react;substances;order;table;most;copper;burn;form; experiment;air;air-free;ordinary Ⅱ.閱讀理解 Edison and His Experiments Thomas Edison was interested in science at an early age.In order to earn money for books and for his scientific experiments，Thomas sold vegetables from the family garden.This work did not make enough money，and so he began to sell newspapers.He traveled on trains to sell his newspapers.He began to do experiments on the trains too，and he brought a lot of instruments and chemicals on them.The railway line was not very good，and one day a train suddenly shook a lot during a turn.Edison had a piece of phosphorus(磷) among his chemicals.Everything in the train shook，and the phosphorus fell on the floor.It began to burn，as phosphorus often does.The train was soon burning.The conductor of the train was so angry that he threw Thomas and all his equipment off the train at the next station. After that Edison worked as a telegraph operator.As an operator he had to work at night.During the day he read books and did experiments.The result was that he was very tired.Sometimes he slept at night so the other operators got angry with him.When they sent a message，Edison did not give an answer.They found that he was often asleep.They soon found a way to keep him awake.They told him to telegraph the letter “A”every hour.In order to do this，he had to stay awake. Edison did not like this at all.He was too tired，so he invented a new instrument which sent the letter “A”every hour.It never failed，for instruments are not like people and they never forget to do what they are told to.The other operators received the letter “A”every hour. They could not believe it.They also could not believe that Edison was such a foolish man.One night they went quietly to his room.When they looked inside，they found that Edison was there sleeping，and his instrument was sending the letter “A”! 閱讀短文填空，每空一詞。 1.Edison sold vegetables he could earn money for books and for his scientific experiments. 2.The conductor was angry because Edison’s phosphorus set the train . 3.When Edison invented a new which sent ,he had enough time to sleep at night. 4.Edison’s colleagues didn’t believe Edison was such a man so they went to Edison’s room.And they found that Edison was . 答案：1.so that　2.on fire　3.instrument;the letter “A” 4.foolish;sleeping 拓展視野  The twentieth century saw greater changes than any century before：changes for the better，changes for the worse；changes that brought a lot of benefits to human beings，changes that put man in danger.Many things caused the changes，but，in my opinion，the most important was the progress in science. Scientific research in physics and biology has vastly broadened our views.It has given us a deeper knowledge of the structure of matter and of the universe；it has brought us a better under- standing of the nature of life and of its continuous develop- ment.Technology in the application of science has made big advances that have benefited us in nearly every part of life. The continuation of such activities in the twenty-first century will result in even greater advantages to human beings：in pure science—a wider and deeper knowledge in all fields of learning；in applied science—a more reasonable sharing of material benefits，and better protection of the environment. Sadly，however，there is another side to the picture.The creativity of science has been employed in doing damage to mankind.The application of science and technology to the develo- pment and production of weapons of mass destruction has created a real danger to the continued existence of the human race on this planet.We have seen this happen in the case of nuclear weapons.Although their actual use has so far occurred only in the Second World War，the number of nuclear weapons that were produced and made ready for use was so large that if the weapons had actually been used，the result could have been the ruin of the human race，as well as of many kinds of animals. William Shakespeare said，“The web of our life is of a mingled yarn (紗線(xiàn))，good and ill together.”The above brief review of the application of only one part of human activities—science seems to prove what Shakespeare said.But does it have to be so? Must the ill always go together with the good? Are we biologically programmed for war? 【個(gè)性思考】 Does scientific development have great effect on your life? Give some examples. My view: 人生啟迪 　　隨著社會(huì)的發(fā)展，人們?cè)絹?lái)越重視人與自然的問(wèn)題，越來(lái)越強(qiáng)調(diào)人與自然和諧發(fā)展。其中，人與動(dòng)物的關(guān)系問(wèn)題也越來(lái)越引起人們的重視。我們應(yīng)該對(duì)動(dòng)物采取什么態(tài)度呢？ Could the use of animals in scientific experiments be justified? Well you may get totally different answers when you are in different positions. Suppose you are a pet owner.When someone asks to take away your lovely dog for a scientific experiment，certainly you will cry out and claim that he or she is a devil.This is just the reaction we are expecting for it is love and concern for others that make human beings human，and this kind of love and care are not only existing among ourselves，but also between us and the nature.Can you imagine living in a world where people kill animals for any purpose they like? Can you expect people loving each other in that kind of world? It must be a nightmare（噩夢(mèng)）. However，to get a fuller view of such a controversial issue（矛盾的問(wèn)題），you should put yourself in another position.Scientific experiments using animals have contributed a lot in medical development.Thanks to that，cures for many kinds of disease，which have killed thousands of people in the past few decades，have been found now and many lives are saved.If you are one of those with that kind of disease，will you support using animals in scientific experiments that can save you or will you give up your hope of life? The majority chooses the former and it is reflecting（反映）the rule of the nature—the fittest survives（適者生存）. Every creature on the earth is a gift.We should love and protect them while at the same time make good use of them，since it is not only for our own sake（原因） but also for the sake of the harmony（和諧） that existing in the nature world. 111