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1、Unit 6 Man and Animals (6 periods) I. Teaching aims: 1.to do some preparation activities such as discussion, group work to practice the students’ spoken skill and communicative skills; 2. to grasp some new words and try to use these words which help them enrich their vocabulary;

2、 3. to discuss the significance of protecting animals and environment; 4. to do some post-reading exercises and some after-class reading to practice what they have got to know in class to improve their English comprehensive skills. II. key points: 1. to learn the relationship between man and ani

3、mals; 2. talk about the ways to protect wild animals from extinction and the importance of environmental protection. III. difficult points: 1. to paraphrase some difficult sentences and catch their meaning. 2. to grasp some useful words and phrases to related to travel. IV. teaching process:

4、i. Warm-up 1. Try to name as many animals as possible. bird butterfly peacock bee dove pigeon eagle cuckoo bat chicken duck cock goose parrot hen swan cat seagull crow deer sparrow dog mule swallow rat owl dragonfly pig ass horse ox goat dolphin bull cow calf lion zebra tiger camel panda fox bear

5、leopard elephant wolf snake whale hare rabbit seal snail mosquito sheep donkey mouse monkey 2. Do you know what it is? (P241) The strongest mammal in the world? Lion Who runs fastest in the world? Leopard The tallest one in the world? Giraffe The most clever animal in the world? Gorilla

6、 The heaviest one in the world? Whale Who leads a shortest life among all the animals in the world? Mouse 3. Do you have a pet? Have you lived on a farm? Tell stories about your pet or farm animals to your group members. 4. Learn some proverbs about animals: Hair by hair you will pull o

7、ut the horse’s tail. 一根一根拔，拔光馬尾巴。（水滴石穿） A running horse needs no spur. 奔馬無(wú)需鞭策。 The tortoise wins the race while the hare is sleeping 兔子睡懶覺(jué)，烏龜跑贏了。 Birds of a feather flock together. 物以類聚，人以群分 If water is noisy, there are no fish in it. 咆哮的水中無(wú)魚(yú)。（夸夸其談?wù)邿o(wú)真才實(shí)學(xué)。） ii. In-class reading 1. in

8、troduction Since we live in such crowded cities, it is reasonable that too much aggressiveness showed in our performances. Some psychologists believe that aggression is a basic human instinct. The passage suggests that hostility and aggression be expressed in constructives and non-violent competi

9、tions. 2. pre-reading questions Watch a video clip and answer the following questions: Reference words: frightened, attack, hurt, protect, competition, non-violent 1) When are animals aggressive? Animals are aggressive when they are frightened, when they want to protect their young, when they

10、are attacked or hurt, and when they are put in a corner or a small space. 2) When do people become aggressive? Men are aggressive when they are attacked or insulted or hurt, when they are pressed, when their lives or properties are threathened. 4) What is the possible solution for man’s host

11、ility and aggression? The encouragement of competition in all possible fields would diminish the likelihood of people’s aggressive behavior. When people take parts in international competitions in sports or for the best designed house, or the safest car, they can channel their aggression into n

12、on-violent competition and constructive activity. 3. words and phrases: 1）accumulation n. hoard up 積聚，積累 ［同］ collection 【記憶】詞根 accumulate v. 積聚，積累；accumulative adj.貪婪的，喜歡積聚的；accumulator n. 累積者 [聯(lián)想記憶](méi)ac(to)+cumulate(heap up),堆，堆積→堆積，聚集 +ion→accumulation 【考點(diǎn)】accumulation of experiences (mone

13、y, funds) 積累經(jīng)驗(yàn)(錢，資金);an accumulation of books (evidence, rubbish) 收集一批書(shū)籍(一堆證據(jù)，一堆垃圾) accumulate v. 例如： Don’t you think we should learn and earn more so as to accumulate knowledge and fortune when young? 你不覺(jué)得年輕的時(shí)候，我們?cè)摱鄬W(xué)點(diǎn)，多賺點(diǎn)來(lái)積累知識(shí)和財(cái)富嗎？ 2) aggression (n.) (Tittle)侵略；敵對(duì)的情緒或行為；攻擊行動(dòng) 構(gòu)詞法：adj

14、. aggressive (Line 1, Para. 1) 好爭(zhēng)吵的；有進(jìn)取心的；有沖勁的 adv. aggressively 好斗地；挑釁性地；好爭(zhēng)吵地 n. aggressiveness 敵對(duì)情緒 n. aggressor (正式；貶義) 侵略者 男孩子總是通過(guò)打架來(lái)表現(xiàn)他們的敵對(duì)情緒。 Boys usually express their aggression by hitting each other. 他現(xiàn)在好像不那么咄咄逼人了。 He appeared to be now in a l

15、ess aggressive mood 一個(gè)積極進(jìn)取的年輕人在這所大學(xué)里是會(huì)大有作為的。 An aggressive young man can go far in this university. an aggression upon one’s right 侵害某人的權(quán)利 commit aggression against 對(duì)……進(jìn)行侵略 air aggression 侵犯領(lǐng)空; 空中侵襲 commercial

16、/ cultural / economic aggression 商業(yè)/文化/經(jīng)濟(jì)侵略 an aggression on sb.’s personal liberty 對(duì)某人人身自由的侵犯 3) assert (v.) (Line 38, Para. 4) (assert oneself) say clearly what you think 堅(jiān)持自己的想法、權(quán)利、意見(jiàn) state or declare forcefully 斷言，宣稱，聲明 assertion (n.) ( + that ) a forceful statem

17、ent or claim 斷言；強(qiáng)硬聲明 assertive (adj.) forceful; expressing strong opinions or claims 斷言的；武斷的 Don’t be so shy you need to learn to assert yourself. (堅(jiān)持自己的主張) The Consumer Association tried its best to assert the consumers’ rights . (維護(hù)消費(fèi)者的權(quán)利) He repeated his assertions that he was not g

18、uilty. (一再聲明他的無(wú)辜) You couldn’t fail to notice that assertive young man. (那個(gè)說(shuō)話武斷的青年人) He___his authority by making them be quiet. A) asserted B) assented C) assaulted D) assembled 答案為【A】 譯文：他迫使他們安靜下來(lái)，以維護(hù)他的權(quán)威。 assent同意，批準(zhǔn) assault攻擊，襲擊 assemble集合，組裝 4) centralized

19、(adj.) (Line 42, Para. 4) 集中的 centralize (v.) gather under central control 集中 centralization (n.) 集中 在舊式政治制度下，權(quán)力集中在一個(gè)人手里。 Under the old political system power was centralized in the hands of one person. 這一工程集中了全國(guó)的技術(shù)精英。 The project centralizes the technical elites of the country.

20、5) constructive (adj.) (Line 36, Para. 4) having a good effect or likely to produce good results 建設(shè)性的，有益的 反義詞destructive (adj.) (Line 37, Para. 4) causing destruction 破壞的，毀壞的 建設(shè)性意見(jiàn)/會(huì)議 John made a number of very constructive suggestions at the meeting. 大火/森林/破壞性的影響 The fire caused

21、 destructive effects to the forest. 6) instinct n. natural ability or tendency to act in a certain way 本能 ［同］ faculty, impulse, talent 【記憶】instinctive adj. 本能的；instinctively adv.本能地 【考點(diǎn)】 例如：have an instinct for 生性愛(ài)好，生來(lái)就······ by instinct 出于本能 Cat preys on mouse by instinct.

22、 貓捉老鼠是出于本能。 Human behavior is mostly a product of learning, whereas the behavior of an animal depends mainly on________. A) consciousness B) impulse　C) Instinct D) response 答案為【C】 譯文：人的行為主要是學(xué)習(xí)的結(jié)果，而動(dòng)物的行為則主要取決于本能。 consciousness 意為“意識(shí)”，i

23、mpulse 意為“沖動(dòng)”,instinct 意為“本能”，response 意為“反應(yīng)”。 7) intrude (v.) (Line 3, Para. 1) ( + into, on, upon) bring or come in when not wanted 闖入；侵入；打擾 如果他們很忙，我就不打擾他們了。 I don’t want to intrude on them if they are busy. 這一兒時(shí)回憶不時(shí)地闖入她的腦海。 The memory of her childhood kept intruding itself into her min

24、d. 他總是把自己的意見(jiàn)強(qiáng)加于人。 He is always intruding his opinion upon others. intruder (n.) 侵入者；闖入者 intrusion (n.) 闖入；侵入；打擾 intrusive (adj.) 闖入的；侵入的；打擾的 詞匯辨析 intrude 多指未經(jīng)允許而闖入或?qū)λ耸聞?wù)進(jìn)行干涉。 interfere 指干擾、妨礙別人的行動(dòng)或某事的進(jìn)行。常用作貶義詞。 interrupt 多用于指突然介入而使正在進(jìn)行的事情中斷，也可表示阻斷、妨礙。 青年人不希望父母過(guò)多地干涉自己的事情。

25、 Yong people don’t want their parents to interfere too much with their personal business. 敲門聲打斷了他的思考。 A knock at the door interrupted his concentration. 一架不明國(guó)籍的軍用飛機(jī)侵入我國(guó)領(lǐng)空。 An unidentified military plane intruded into the airspace of our country. 8) likelihood n. probability 可能性 【記憶】詞根為li

26、kely adj.可能的，加名詞后綴-hood表示“性質(zhì)”，“狀態(tài)”，另外還可表示“身分”，“資格”。 falsehood n. 錯(cuò)誤 childhood n. 童年 priesthood n. 牧師 【考點(diǎn)】 in all likelihood 很可能 例如： In all likelihood, it will snow. 很有可能要下雪。 There’s little likelihood he will come here in such a big rain. 下著這么大的雨，他到這兒的可能性很小。 9) mechan

27、ical adj. of, connected with, moved, worked, or produced by machinery 機(jī)械的，呆板的 ［同］ dull, emotionless ［反］ conscious 【記憶】可參考下列單詞記憶： mechanic n. 技工，機(jī)械工 mechanics n. 機(jī)械學(xué)，技巧 mechanize vt. 使機(jī)械化，用機(jī)械裝備 【考點(diǎn)】 His acting is not at all mechanical. 他的表演一點(diǎn)兒也不呆板。 Now it is

28、 thought not a good method to ask the students to recite mechanically. ? 現(xiàn)在人們認(rèn)為讓學(xué)生們機(jī)械背誦并不是一種好方法。 After he had been asked the same question many times, his answer became______. A) machine　　B) mechanics C) mechanic　 D) mechanical 答案為【D】 譯文：被問(wèn)了許多次相同的問(wèn)題后，他的回答變得機(jī)械了。 A項(xiàng)“機(jī)器” B項(xiàng)

29、“機(jī)械學(xué)” C項(xiàng)“技工” D項(xiàng)“(形容詞)機(jī)械的” 10) prehistoric adj. of the time before recorded history 史前的 【記憶】前綴pre-表示“在······以前”，詞根為historic adj. 歷史的 由前綴pre-構(gòu)成的詞還有： premeditate vt. 預(yù)先思考 preoccupy vt. 先占，先取 prejudge vt. 預(yù)先判斷 preexist vt. 先于······而存在 11) scale n. size of extent 大小，規(guī)

30、模，范圍; the relationship between the size of something in the map and its size in the real world 比例 【考點(diǎn)】in a scale一定尺度，在一定范圍內(nèi) on an extensive scale 廣泛地 sink in the scale 降級(jí) to a scale 按一定比例 This map is drawn to scale. 這張地圖是按比例繪制的。 on big (vast large, massive ) scale 大規(guī)模地(的)，廣泛地(的

31、) China is carrying out the reform on a large scale. 中國(guó)在大范圍地進(jìn)行改革。 The map was drawn to the standard____of 1：150,000, so there was not much detail. A) grade　 B) route　 C) line　 D) scale 答案為【D】 譯文：地圖是按標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的1:150，000的比例繪制的，所以上面沒(méi)有太多的細(xì)節(jié)。 grade級(jí)別，等級(jí)，例如：Grade One一年級(jí)；route路線，例如：Long

32、March Route長(zhǎng)征路線；line一般意義的“線、線條”；而scale有多種意思，其中之一是“比例，比例尺”，尤指地圖、航海圖、平面圖上的距離與相應(yīng)的實(shí)際距離之間的比例關(guān)系. 12) submission (Line 6, Para. 1) submit (v.) ( + to) yield oneself; agree to obey 服從；順從 ( + to) offer for consideration 呈送；提交； submission (n.) 服從；順從; 呈送；提交；提出 submissive (adj.) 恭順的；歸順的

33、submissively (adv.) 恭順地；歸順地 學(xué)生/教師/教師要求提交新年晚會(huì)計(jì)劃 T: Hi, boys and girls, how are you going to celebrate the New Year’s Day? S: Oh, Mr. Smith, we’re thinking about a masquerade (化妝舞會(huì)) party. T: That sounds great. But I am afraid you have to submit the plan (提交計(jì)劃) to your administrator.

34、 兒子/母親/服從父母管教 Son: Mum, I will not submit myself to you (服從) because of the following points. First, ... Mum: OK. You don’t have to show submission (服從) to me. But can we discuss…？ 13) territorial (adj.) (Line 3, Para. 1) 守衛(wèi)自身活動(dòng)地域的；領(lǐng)域性的; 領(lǐng)土的；屬地的 領(lǐng)土主權(quán) territorial right 領(lǐng)土爭(zhēng)端

35、 territorial disputes 領(lǐng)土擴(kuò)張 territorial expansion 領(lǐng)土完整 territorial integrity 地盤(pán)性動(dòng)物 territorial animals territory (n.) (Line 3, Para. 1) [C; U] land ruled by one government 領(lǐng)土；版圖 area regarded by a person, animal as belonging to

36、it alone 地盤(pán)；領(lǐng)地 area of knowledge or activity (知識(shí)或活動(dòng)的)范圍，領(lǐng)域 他們解放了囚犯及被占領(lǐng)土。 They liberated the prisoners, the occupied territories. 他的研究興趣甚廣。 His scientific interests cover a wide territory. 14) violent adj. fierce; furious 暴力的，暴力引起的，激烈的 【記憶】可參考下列單詞記憶： violence n. 暴力，殘暴

37、 non-violent adj. 非暴力的 【考點(diǎn)】 例如：a violent storm 猛烈的風(fēng)暴 lay violent hands on 對(duì)······行兇，向······下毒手 Don‘ t be so violent to me. 不要對(duì)我這么兇。 15) zoologist n. experts of animal 動(dòng)物學(xué)家 【記憶】詞根為 zoology n.動(dòng)物學(xué)，-ist 表示“······家” 一些表示學(xué)科及學(xué)家的詞還有： geology n.地質(zhì)學(xué) geologist n

38、.地質(zhì)學(xué)家 archaeology n.考古學(xué) archaeologist n.考古學(xué)家 botany n.植物學(xué) botanist n.植物學(xué)家 4. phrases and expressions 1) as it is: in fact 實(shí)際上 例如： I thought he must have finished his work, but as it is he hadn’t nearly started it. 我原以為他一定已經(jīng)做完工作了，但實(shí)際上他幾乎還沒(méi)有開(kāi)始。 His mother expected him to get good mar

39、k in the exam, but as it is he flunked. 他母親希望他在考試中取得好成績(jī)，但實(shí)際上他卻沒(méi)有及格。 2) care for: take care of 關(guān)心，照顧 例如： Who cares for your baby when you are away on business? 你出差的時(shí)候誰(shuí)照顧你的孩子? care for the younger generation 關(guān)懷青年一代 3) find expression in: 在……中找到表達(dá)方式/以……方式表達(dá) 他的情感最終由眼淚表現(xiàn)了出來(lái)。 His feelings at la

40、st found expressions in tears. 他們的個(gè)人主義在他的作品/舉止中表現(xiàn)了出來(lái)。 Their individualism found expression in his works / behavior. 4) in itself: without considering the rest 本身 例如： The fair is in itself a symbol of the development of China’s foreign trade. 這次交易會(huì)本身就是中國(guó)對(duì)外貿(mào)易事業(yè)發(fā)展的象征。 The story in itself teach

41、es a moral lesson. 這個(gè)故事本身就有教育意義。 5) turn to: ask for help or support 求助于，借助于 例如： Whenever I have difficulties, I turn to my teacher for help. 我有困難時(shí)，總是向老師求助。 She has nobody to turn to. 她無(wú)人可求助。 6) warn off: tell sb. go away 告誡······離開(kāi) 例如： They warned him off, but he kept walking on the ice

42、. 他們告誡他離開(kāi)，但他還堅(jiān)持在冰上走。 The children were warned off the river. 人們告誡孩子們不要離河太近。 5. text structure 1) Listen and catch the main idea. 2) Talk about the main idea the organization of the text: Introduction (Para. 1) Man must be the most aggressive and cruel of all living creatures. The compariso

43、n of aggression in animals and human beings (Para. 2-4) 1) An animal may show abnormal aggressiveness in abnormal conditions. (Para. 2) 2) Human aggression. (Para. 3) 3) The reasons for human aggression. (Para. 4) Solutions to the problem (Para. 5) Only if hostility and aggression can be exp

44、ressed in constructive activity and non-violent competition, will the human race be able to survive. 3) Finish the comrehension excersises on Page 253. 6. difficult sentences: 1) Nevertheless, should a fight follow, neither creature will be badly hurt, for the loser will save himself by making a

45、gesture of submission. (L.4～6) 【解析】這是一個(gè)倒裝句式，因?yàn)槭÷赃B詞if放在句首，所以倒裝， 相當(dāng)于If a fight should follow, neither creature will be badly hurt。For 引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句。 【譯文】但是，如果真有爭(zhēng)斗，任何一方都不會(huì)受重傷，因?yàn)閿》綍?huì)做出表示投降的動(dòng)作來(lái)保全性命。 【例句】 Neither of them has replied. 他們兩人都沒(méi)有答復(fù)。 These two books are neither of them very good. 這兩本書(shū)都不是很好。

46、 You are a sore loser. 你是一個(gè)輸不起的人。 2) A tiger that once came out of the jungle into a village and attacked a man was later found to have an injured paw that had evidently prevented it from hunting its usual prey. (L.9～11) 【解析】本句的主句是 a tiger was later found to have an injured paw。第一個(gè) that 引導(dǎo)的是定語(yǔ)從

47、句修飾 tiger，在這個(gè)從句中，that (tiger)是主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)是 came 和 attacked。第二個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的也是定語(yǔ)從句，修飾 paw。 【譯文】有一只老虎從叢林跑到村莊來(lái)，襲擊了人。人們后來(lái)發(fā)現(xiàn)原來(lái)它的爪子受了傷，明顯使它不能像平時(shí)那樣去獵食。 3) If it had not had this disability it would have undoubtedly stayed in the jungle and hunted for food in the customary way. (L.11～12) 【解析】這是虛擬語(yǔ)氣，表示與過(guò)去相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。（可參

48、看第一單元） 【譯文】假如不是因?yàn)槭軅?，這只虎毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)還會(huì)呆在叢林里，像往常那樣去獵取食物。 4) Some zoologists and psychologists compare modern man to a caged lion. (L.17) 【解析】compare 后可接 to或 with，在表示兩物相似時(shí)常用compare to，在比較兩物的異同時(shí)常使用compare with。 【譯文】一些動(dòng)物學(xué)家和心理學(xué)家把現(xiàn)代人比喻成籠子里的獅子。 【例句】 Still only twenty—five, she has been compared to the great

49、est dancer of all time. 她才只有25歲，就已經(jīng)被比作有史以來(lái)最偉大的舞蹈家。 5) If conditions had remained thus, man might have been no more aggressive than his fellow creatures. (L.21～22) 【解析】 no more… than… 不過(guò)，僅僅 【譯文】假如現(xiàn)在還有這樣的條件，人類就不會(huì)比其他動(dòng)物更加好斗。 【例句】It cost me no more than one dollar a week. 我每周在這上面至多花一美元。 6) In fac

50、t, it is almost impossible for them to behave otherwise. (L.24～25) 【解析】otherwise這里是副詞，意為：in a different way, differently (用別的方法，另外)別樣，以另外方式。 【譯文】實(shí)際上，要他們不這樣做幾乎是不可能的。 【例句】I think it will rain this afternoon, but my brother thinks otherwise. 我認(rèn)為今天下午會(huì)下雨，但我的兄弟卻不這樣認(rèn)為。 7) Man must have become

51、 more aggressive over the years as the world population has increased.(L.26) 【解析】推測(cè)語(yǔ)氣，表示肯定用must, can, could, may, might（語(yǔ)氣依次減弱）表示疑問(wèn)和否定用can’t, couldn’t所有上述情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面接完成時(shí)表示對(duì)過(guò)去的猜測(cè)，接不定式表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在的推測(cè)。 【譯文】這些年來(lái)，由于世界人口的增長(zhǎng)，人類必定是更為尋釁好斗了。 【例句】You must be wrong.　你肯定錯(cuò)了。 Can the news be true?　這消息會(huì)是真的嗎？ 8) T

52、he impulse to assert himself has enabled him to survive in a dangerous world, but ironically, he is now likely to destroy his own species unless alternative, non-violent ways of expressing aggression can be found. (L.29～32) 【解析】這是由 but 連接的兩個(gè)句子。在第一個(gè)句子里， 主句是：The impulse has enabled him to survive i

53、n a world。to assert himself 修飾 the impulse，第二個(gè)句子是個(gè)復(fù)合句，主句是：He is now likely to destroy his own species，unless引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，從句中，主要結(jié)構(gòu)是：ways can be found。 【譯文】正是一種想要顯示自己的權(quán)威的沖動(dòng)使人能夠在 這個(gè)充滿危險(xiǎn)的世界上生存下來(lái)。然而，具有諷 刺意義的是，除非人類能找到其他發(fā)泄好斗本性 的非暴力方法，否則就可能毀滅自己。 【例句】 You will be late, unless you hurry. 如果不趕緊，你就會(huì)遲到。 Unless

54、 it rains, the game will be played. 除非下雨，否則比賽都會(huì)進(jìn)行。 9) A man who may once have been a self-employed craftsman, master of his own trade, might now have a boring job in a factory. (L.34～35) 【解析】句中master of his own trade 作a self-employed craftsman的同位語(yǔ)，進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明是一個(gè)怎樣的個(gè)體手工業(yè)者。 【譯 文】有的人也許曾經(jīng)是一名個(gè)體手工業(yè)者，一位能工

55、巧匠，而現(xiàn)在卻可能在工廠里干著單調(diào)乏味的工作。 【例句】 He is a tailor by trade. 他的職業(yè)是裁縫。 Shoemaking is a useful trade. 制鞋是一門有用的手藝。 10) A small firm that once worked as a team to produce high-quality goods is likely to be absorbed into a vast organization where their work is mechanical and there is no possibility for p

56、ersonal expression. (L.35～36) 【解析】本句的主要結(jié)構(gòu)是 A small farm is likely to be absorbed into a vast organization。第一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句修飾 firm，第二個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句由where引導(dǎo)修飾organization，where在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。第二個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句中有兩套并列的結(jié)構(gòu)，分別是：their work is mechanical和there is no possibility for personal expression。 【譯文】一家曾經(jīng)精誠(chéng)合作生產(chǎn)出了高質(zhì)量產(chǎn)品的小公司現(xiàn)

57、在可能被并入了一家大機(jī)構(gòu)，員工的工作很機(jī)械，沒(méi)有機(jī)會(huì)自我表現(xiàn)了。 11) A man who would hesitate to hit another person in front of his eyes may kill thousands of people by dropping a bomb from a plane; to him they are too remote to be human beings, but are merely figures on a chart of his routine job. (L.41～43) 【解析】本句的主要結(jié)構(gòu)是：A man

58、 may kill thousands of people by dropping a bomb。who 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾 a man，分號(hào)后的部分是由but連接的兩個(gè)句子，前者是 they are too remote to be human beings，后者是(they) are merely figures on a chart。 【譯文】一個(gè)不大愿意對(duì)他面前的人拔拳相向的人也許會(huì)從飛機(jī)上投下一枚炸彈從而導(dǎo)致成千上萬(wàn)的人的死亡；對(duì)于他來(lái)說(shuō)，那些人太遙遠(yuǎn)已不算是人了，只不過(guò)是他日常工作報(bào)表上的數(shù)字而已。 12) The encouragement of competition

59、 in all possible fields should tend to diminish the likelihood of war rather than increase it. (L.44～46) 【解析】本句的主要結(jié)構(gòu)是The encouragement should tend to diminish the likelihood of war. 【譯文】對(duì)于所有可能的領(lǐng)域中競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的鼓勵(lì)應(yīng)該逐漸減少而不是增加戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的可能性。 【例句】 possible 是一個(gè)普通的定語(yǔ)，舉例如下： a possible solution to this problem 解決這個(gè)

60、問(wèn)題的較合適的辦法 the only possible action 唯一可采取的行動(dòng) likelihood 是 likely 的名詞形式。 Is there any likelihood of his coming?它可能來(lái)嗎？ in all likelihood 十之八九，極有可能 13) …Anthony Storr suggested that the United Nations should organize international compe-titions in sports and also for the best designed house or h

61、ospital, or the safest car. (L.46～48) 【解析】for the best designed house or hospital, or the safest car同in sports一樣，是修飾competitions的。注意：suggest帶從句，從句中動(dòng)詞要用should+do的形式。 【譯文】安東尼·斯托爾建議聯(lián)合國(guó)要組織國(guó)際性的體育比賽，而且還要開(kāi)展其他諸如房屋或醫(yī)院最佳設(shè)計(jì)獎(jiǎng)的競(jìng)賽，或者汽車安全性能最佳獎(jiǎng)的競(jìng)賽。 14) Nevertheless, should a fight follow, neither creature wil

62、l be badly hurt, for the loser will save himself by making a gesture of submission. (Line 5) If it had not had this disability it would have undoubtedly stayed in the jungle and hunted for food in the customary way. (Line12) If the human population had not increased so rapidly, people woul

63、d have had more space and freedom. (Line 23) 此三類句子體現(xiàn)了虛擬語(yǔ)氣的三種時(shí)態(tài)變化。 第1句中 “should a fight follow”是表示將來(lái)情況的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，意思為 “if a fight should follow”，句中省略了 “if”，將 “should” 提前，構(gòu)成倒裝，表示“萬(wàn)一，一旦”的意思。值得注意的是本句中的主句部分未使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。 第二部分這兩句是與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。這類句子，從句用“had +動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞”，主句用“would/should/could/might + h

64、ave + 動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞”。 第3句是與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。從句用 “did/were”，主句用 “would/should/could/ might + 動(dòng)詞原型”。 Everything would have been destroyed (be destroyed) if Albert hadn’t called the fire brigade. “If I hadn’t practiced when I was younger,” the musician says, “I wouldn’t be (not be) able t

65、o play so well now.” If we had been more careful, we would have got (get) much better results now. Were he to leave (he leave) today, he would get there by Friday. If man were not aggressive by nature, he would be (be) happier but less creative. 15) Normally one animal will only kill

66、 another for food, and rarely does an animal kill a member of its own species. (Line 6) Only if hostility and aggression can be expressed in constructive activity and non-violent competition, will the human race be able to survive. (Line 61) 以上兩句都是部分倒裝（助動(dòng)詞提前，實(shí)義動(dòng)詞仍在主語(yǔ)之后）的句子。這兩種倒裝現(xiàn)象總結(jié)如下： 句首是否定詞或詞組: at no/other time, never, by no means, no longer, in/under circumstances, nowhere, few, not a single w